FAVORABLE UNFAVORABLE

CITES Article II According to the

Fundamental Principles International Union
for Conservation of
1. Appendix I shall include all species threatened with extinction which Nature (IUCN), an
are or may be affected by trade. Trade in specimens of these species endangered species is
must be subject to particularly strict regulation in order not to endanger one that meets any
further their survival and must only be authorized in exceptional one of the following
circumstances. criteria: a 50–70%
2. Appendix II shall include: population decrease
over 10 years, a total
geographic area less
(a) all species which although not necessarily now threatened with
than 5,000 km2 (or
extinction may become so unless trade in specimens of such species is
local population area
subject to strict regulation in order to avoid utilization incompatible
less than 500 km2), a
with their survival; and
population size less
than 2,500 adults, a
(b) other species which must be subject to regulation in order that trade
restricted population
in specimens of certain species referred to in sub-paragraph (a) of this
of 250 adults, or a
paragraph may be brought under effective control.
statistical prediction
3. Appendix III shall include all species which any Party identifies as that it will go extinct
being subject to regulation within its jurisdiction for the purpose of within the next 20
preventing or restricting exploitation, and as needing the co-operation years. (SEE FACTS)
of other Parties in the control of trade.
CITES LAW
4. The Parties shall not allow trade in specimens of species included in APPENDICES: YAK
Appendices I, II and III except in accordance with the provisions of the NOT INCLUDED
present Convention.

IUCN: the most common factor when it comes to species

decline is human intervention. Loss of habitat, the
introduction of a foreign species into the
environment, hunting, pollution, disease, and loss of
genetic variation are all causes of species decline and
most often are a result of human activities. (Hence it
places Yaks in a considerable risk)

ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT

SEC. 9. (a) GENERAL.—(1) Except as provided in sections 6(g)(2) and 10 of this

Act, with respect to any endangered species of fish or wildlife listed pursuant
to section 4 of this Act it is unlawful for any person subject to the jurisdiction
of the United States to—

(A) import any such species into, or export any such species from the United
States;

(B) take any such species within the United States or the territorial sea of the
United States;

(C) take any such species upon the high seas;

(D) possess, sell, deliver, carry, transport, or ship, by any means whatsoever,
any such species taken in violation of subparagraphs (B) and (C);

(E) deliver, receive, carry, transport, or ship in interstate or foreign

commerce, by any means whatsoever and in the course of a commercial
activity, any such species;

(F) sell or offer for sale in interstate or foreign commerce any such species; or

(G) violate any regulation pertaining to such species or to any threatened

species of fish or wildlife listed pursuant to section 4 of this Act and
promulgated by the Secretary pursuant to authority provided by this Act. (2)
Except as provided in sections 6(g)(2) and 10 of this Act, with respect to any
endangered species of plants listed pursuant to section 4 of this Act, it is
unlawful for any person subject to the jurisdiction of the United States to—

(A) import any such species into, or export any such species from, the United
States;

(C) deliver, receive, carry, transport, or ship in interstate or foreign

commerce, by any means whatsoever and in the course of a commercial
activity, any such species;

(D) sell or offer for sale in interstate or foreign commerce any such species;
or

(E) violate any regulation pertaining to such species or to any threatened

species of plants listed pursuant to section 4 of this Act and promulgated by
the Secretary pursuant to authority provided by this Act. (B) remove and
reduce to possession any such species from areas under Federal jurisdiction;
maliciously damage or destroy any such species on any such area; or remove,
cut, dig up, or damage or destroy any such species on any other area in
knowing violation of any law or regulation of any State or in the course of any
violation of a State criminal trespass law;
SEE MORE: https://www.fws.gov/endangered/esa-library/pdf/ESAall.pdf

See Lacey Act (Kasi masyadong mahaba) page 5 regarding Prohibited Acts:
https://www.fws.gov/le/pdffiles/Lacey.pdf

Responsibility of States for International Wrongful acts:

http://legal.un.org/ilc/texts/instruments/english/draft_articles/9_6_2001.pdf

Article 2 Elements of an internationally wrongful act of a State There is an

internationally wrongful act of a State when conduct consisting of an action
or omission: (a) is attributable to the State under international law; and (b)
constitutes a breach of an international obligation of the State.

(There is a breach in obligation on the part of the Rakkab… see facts)

More on see CHAPTER 3

INTERNATIONAL COVENANT on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights

https://www.ohchr.org/Documents/ProfessionalInterest/cescr.pdf

Article 1 1. All peoples have the right of self-determination. By virtue of that

right they freely determine their political status and freely pursue their
economic, social and cultural development.

Article 3 The States Parties to the present Covenant undertake to ensure the
equal right of men and women to the enjoyment of all economic, social and
cultural rights set forth in the present Covenant.

Article 15 1. The States Parties to the present Covenant recognize the right of
everyone: (a) To take part in cultural life; (b) To enjoy the benefits of
scientific progress and its applications; (c) To benefit from the protection of
the moral and material interests resulting from any scientific, literary or
artistic production of which he is the author. 2. The steps to be taken by the
States Parties to the present Covenant to achieve the full realization of this
right shall include those necessary for the conservation, the development
and the diffusion of science and culture. 3. The States Parties to the present
Covenant undertake to respect the freedom indispensable for scientific
research and creative activity. 4. The States Parties to the present Covenant
recognize the benefits to be derived from the encouragement and
development of international contacts and co-operation in the scientific and
cultural fields.