16 Tenses in English

1. Simple Present Tense

 Explain an action is in progress at the present time is simply.

Patern : + } S + V1 + O/C

- } S + Do/does + not + V1 + O/C

? } Do/does + S + V1 + O/C

Time signal (everyday, every morning, every night, etc).

Example :

+ } Sisca Reads book everyday

- } Sisca does not Read book everyday

? } does Sisca Read book everyday

 Yes, she does / No, she doesn’t

2. Present Continues Tense

 Explain an action is in progress at the present time.

Patern : + } S + Be + V1 + ing + O/C

- } S + Be + not + V1 + ing + O/C

? } Be + S + V1 + ing + O/C

Time signal (now, right now)

Example :

(+) He is playing badminton now

(-) He isn’t playing badminton now.

(?) Is he playing badminton now.

  Yes he is / No, he isn’t

3. Present Perfect Tense

 explain the events that have been made.

Patern : S + auxiliary verb + main verb

Time signal (since, for, during)

Example :

(+) you have eaten mine.

(-) she has not been to Rome

(?) have you finished?

 Yes she has / No she hasn’t

4. Present Perfect Continues Tense

 explain the events that have been made right now.

Patern : (+): S + have/has + been + Ving

(-): S + have/has + not + been + Ving
(?): Have/has + S + been + Ving

Time Signal (since, for, during)

Example :
(+) She has been going to Malang since evening
(-) She hasn’t been going to Malang since evening
(?) Has she been going to Malang ?
 Yes she has / No, she hasn’t

5. Simple Past Tense

 Explain the action that alredy finished in last time.

 Patern : + } S + V2 + O/C

- } S + Did + not + V1 + O/C

? } Did + S + V1 + O/C

Time Signal (last night, yesterday, last week, etc).

Example :
(+) I went yesterday.
(-) I didn’t go yesterday.
(?) Did I go yesterday?
 Yes, you did / No, you didn’t

6. Past Continuous Tense

 Explain action is going on in the past

 Explain action that has already begun and is still in progress when another action
followed in the past

Patern : (+) S + Was/were + Ving

(-) S + was/were + not + Ving
(?) was/were + S + Ving?

Time signal (last night, yesterday, 2 years ago, etc).

Example :
(+) He was studying all day last night
(-) He wasn’t studying all day last night
(?) was he studying all day last night?
 Yes, he was / No, he wasn’t

7. Past Perfect Tense

 Explain an action that has been completed before another action occurred in the past

Patern : (+) S + had + V2

(-) S + had + not + V2
(?) had + S + V2?
 Time signal (before, after)

Example :
(+) He had fallen before I helped him
(-) He had not fallen before I helped him
(?) Had he fallen before I helped him?
 Yes, he had / No, he had not

8. Past Perfect Continuous Tense

 Explain action that go on in the past

Patern : (+) S + had + been + Ving

(-) S + had + not + been + Ving
(?) had + S + been + Ving?

Time Signal (when)

Example :
(+) When I came to Surabaya in June, she had already been living there about five years
(-) When I came to Surabaya in June, she had already not been living there about five
years
(?) When I came to Surabaya in June, had she already been living there about five years?
 Yes, she had been / No, she had not been

9. Simple Future Tense

 Explain action to be performed at the time will come
 make an agreement on the future
 shows the terms
 begging for someone to do something

Patern : (+) S + Shall/will + V1

(-) S + shall/will + V1
(?) Shall/will + S + V1?
 Time signal (if, when, while, before, after, Tomorrow, etc).

Example :
(+) Kevin will come at your house tomorrow
(-) Kevin will not come at your house tomorrow
(?) will kevin come at your house tomorrow?
 Yes, he will / No, he will not

10. Future Continuous Tense

 Explain an action that will happen

Patern : (+) S + shall/will + be + Ving

(-) S + shall/will + not + be + Ving
(?) shall/will + S + be + Ving?

Time signal (at this time tomorrow, at the same time tomorrow, etc).

Example :
(+) Mina will be walking at nine o’clock tomorrow morning.
(-) Mina will not be walking at nine o’clock tomorrow morning.
(?) will mina be walking at nine o’clock tomorrow morning?
 Yes, she will / No, she will not

11. Future Perfect Tense

 Explain the action that already started in the past and will be complete in the future

Patern : (+) S + shall/will + have + V2

(-) S + shall/will + not + have + V2
(?) shall/will + S + have + V2?

Time Signal (By the end of.... etc).

Example :
(+) we shall have read seven of naruto comic by the end of this year
 (-) we shall not have read seven of naruto comic by the end of this year
(?) shall we have read seven of naruto comic by the end of this year?
 Yes, we will / No, we will not

12. Future Perfect Continuous Tense

 Same with Future Perfect but maybe the action will be continued in the future

Patern : (+) S + shallwwill + have + been + Ving

(-) S + shall/will + not + have + been + Ving
(?) shall/will + S + have + been + Ving?

Time signal (by the end of... etc).

Example :
(+) by christmas I shall have been eating cake in the my friend’s house
(-) by christmas I shall not have been eating cake in the my friend’s house
(?) by christmas, shall I have been eating cake in the my friend’s house?
 Yes, You shall / No, you shall not

13. Future Past Tense

 Explain the action will be done in the past
 Explain action that will be fulfilled if the condition is done in the past

Patern : (+) S + should/would + V1

(-) S + should/would +not + V1
(?) should/would + S + V1?

Time signal (the day before, future past if simple past)

Example :
(+) He would come if you asked him
(-) He would not come if you asked him
(?) would he come if you asked him?
 Yes, he would / No, he wouldn’t
14. Future Past Continuous Tense
 Explain action to be being done in the past

Patern : (+) S + should/would + be + Ving

(-) S + should/would + not + be + Ving
(?) should/would + S + be + Ving?

Time Signal (at 10 o’clock yesterday, on december last year, etc).

Example :
(+) I should be having an examination at this time the following day.
(-) I should not be having an examination at this time the following day
(?) should I be having an examination at this time the following day?
 Yes, you should / No, you shouldn’t

15. Future Past Perfect Tense

 expressed a supposition that can not happen because the conditions are certainly not
met, but only as a shadow if the conditions are met in the past

Patern : (+) S + should/would + have + V2

(-) S + should/would + not + have + V2
(?) should/would + S + have + V2?

Time signal (if, etc).

Example :
(+) he would have graduated if he had studied hard
(-) he would not have graduated if he had studied hard
(?) would he have graduated if he had studied hard?
 Yes, he would / No, he wouldn’t

16. Future Past Perfect Continuous Tense

 Same with Future Perfect Continuous but in the past
Patern : (+) S + should/would + have + been + Ving
(-) S + should/would + not + have + been + Ving
(?) should/would + S + have + been + Ving?

Time signal (by the end of this year, etc).

Example :
(+) by last week I should have been working in that office for ten years
(-) by last week I should not have been working in that office for ten years
(?) by last week, should I have been working in that office for ten years?
 Yes, you should / No, you shouldn’t