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Bartolomé Esteban Murillo

Bartolomé Esteban Murillo (born late December 1617, baptized January 1,


Bartolomé Esteban Murillo
1618 – April 3, 1682) was a Spanish Baroque painter. Although he is best
known for his religious works, Murillo also produced a considerable number of
paintings of contemporary women and children. These lively, realist portraits
of flower girls, street urchins, and beggars constitute an extensive and
appealing record of the everyday life of his times.

Contents
Childhood
Career
Legacy
Public collections Self-portrait, c. 1670–73 (detail)
Selected works Born Date December 1617;
References baptised January 1,
Literature 1618
External links Seville, Spain
Died April 3, 1682 (aged 64)
Seville, Spain
Childhood Nationality Spanish
Murillo was born to Gaspar Esteban and María Pérez.[1] He may have been Known for painting, drawing
born in Seville or in Pilas, a smaller Andalusian town.[2] It is clear that he was
Movement Baroque
baptized in Seville in 1618, the youngest son in a family of fourteen. His father
was a barber and surgeon. After his parents died in 1627 and 1628, he became a ward of his sister's husband, Juan Agustín
Lagares.[1] Murillo seldom used his father's surname, and instead took his surname from his maternal grandmother,
Elvira Murillo.[1]

Career
Murillo began his art studies in Seville under Juan del Castillo, who was a relative of his mother (Murillo's uncle, Antonio
Pérez, was also a painter).[1] His first works were influenced by Zurbarán, Jusepe de Ribera and Alonzo Cano, and he
shared their strongly realist approach. The great commercial importance of Seville at the time ensured that he was subject
to artistic influences from other regions. He became familiar with Flemish painting and the "Treatise on Sacred Images" of
Molanus (Ian van der Meulen or Molano). As his painting developed, his more important works evolved towards the
polished style that suited the bourgeois and aristocratic tastes of the time, demonstrated especially in his Roman Catholic
religious works.
In 1642, at the age of 26, he moved to Madrid, where he most likely became
familiar with the work of Velázquez, and would have seen the work of Venetian
and Flemish masters in the royal collections; the rich colors and softly modeled
forms of his subsequent work suggest these influences.[3] In 1645 he returned
to Seville and married Beatriz Cabrera y Villalobos, with whom he eventually
had eleven children.[1]

In that year, he painted eleven canvases for


the convent of St. Francisco el Grande in
The Holy Family with dog, c. 1645– Seville. These works depicting the miracles
50, Museo del Prado of Franciscan saints vary between the
Zurbaránesque tenebrism of the Ecstasy of
St Francis and a softly luminous style (as in
Death of St Clare) that became typical of Murillo's mature work.[1] According to the art
historian Manuela B. Mena Marqués, "in ... the Levitation of St Giles (usually known as
the "Angel’s Kitchen", Paris, Louvre) and the Death of St Clare (Dresden, Gemäldegal.
Alte Meister), the characteristic elements of Murillo’s work are already evident: the
elegance and beauty of the female figures and the angels, the realism of the still-life
Two women at a window,
details and the fusion of reality with the spiritual world, which is extraordinarily well c. 1655–60, National
developed in some of the compositions."[1] Gallery of Art, Washington,
D.C.
Also completed c. 1645 was the first of Murillo's many paintings of children, The Young
Beggar (Musée du Louvre), in which the influence of Velázquez is apparent.[1]
Following the completion of a pair of pictures for the Seville Cathedral, he began to specialize in the themes that brought
him his greatest successes: the Virgin and Child and the Immaculate Conception.[4]

After another period in Madrid, from 1658 to 1660, he returned to Seville. Here
he was one of the founders of the Academia de Bellas Artes (Academy of Art),
sharing its direction, in 1660, with the architect Francisco Herrera the
Younger. This was his period of greatest activity, and he received numerous
important commissions, among them the altarpieces for the Augustinian
monastery, the paintings for Santa María la Blanca (completed in 1665), and
others. He died in Seville in 1682 at the age of 64.

His death was, for a long time, wrongly attributed to a hernia caused by a fall
from a scaffold while working on a fresco at Santa María la Blanca (Cadiz) [5].
The Adoration of the Shepherds,
However, recent research shows that during this time he did not leave Seville,
c. 1650, Museo del Prado
disproving this theory.

Legacy
Murillo had many pupils and followers. The prolific imitation of his paintings ensured his reputation in Spain and fame
throughout Europe, and prior to the 19th century his work was more widely known than that of any other Spanish artist.[3]
Artists influenced by his style included Gainsborough and Greuze.[1] Google marks the 400 years of Bartolomè Esteban
Murillo with a doodle on 29th of November 2018..

Public collections
The Museo del Prado in Madrid; Hermitage Museum in Saint Petersburg,
Russia; and the Wallace Collection in London are among the museums holding
works by Murillo. His painting Christ on the Cross is at the Timken Museum of
Art in San Diego.[6] Christ After the Flagellation is at the Krannert Art
Museum, Champaign, Illinois.[7] His work is also found at the Mabee-Gerrer
Museum of Art in Shawnee, Oklahoma, and at the Meadows Museum at
Southern Methodist University in Dallas, Texas.[8]

The Murillo Room in the Museum of


Cádiz

Selected works

Joseph and Potiphar's Wife, c. Young Man with a Basket of Fruit The Girl with a Coin or Girl of
1640–45, Cathedral of Seville, or Personification of Summer, c. Galicia, c. 1645–50
Spain 1640–50

The Young Beggar, c. 1645, Boys Eating Grapes and Melon, c. The Flight into Egypt, c. 1645–50
Musée du Louvre, Paris, France 1645–46, Alte Pinakothek
St. Jerome, c. 1650–52 St. Peter in Tears, c. 1650–55 The Virgin of the Rosary, c. 1650–
55, Museo del Prado

St. Isidore of Sevilla, 1654, Annunciation, c. 1655–60, Adoration of the Magi, c. 1660
Cathedral of Seville, Spain Hermitage Museum, Russia

Apparition of the Virgin to St. Three Boys, c. 1660 St. Justa, c. 1665
Ildefonsus, c. 1660
St. Rufina, c. 1665 Christ Healing the Paralytic at the St. Rose of Lima, c. 1670
Pool of Bethesda, 1670

The Immaculate Conception of the St. Raphael the Archangel with The Marriage Feast at Cana, c.
Blessed Virgin Mary, 1678 Bishop Domonte, c. 1680, Pushkin 1672, The Barber Institute of Fine
Museum Arts

References
1. Marqués, Manuela B. Mena. "Murillo, Bartolomé Esteban." Grove Art Online. Oxford Art Online. Oxford University
Press.
2. {{cite book |title=A Dictionary of Spanish Painters |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oMQ-
AAAAcAAJ&dq=dictionary%20of%20spanish%20painters&pg=PA246 |last=A. |first=O'Neill |publisher =C. O'Neill
|location=London |year=1833 |page=246
3. "Bartolome Esteban Murillo" (http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/398128/Bartolome-Esteban-Murillo).
Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Retrieved 2007-08-30.
4. The center medallion of the badge of the Spanish Order of Charles III is clearly modeled on Murillo's unique manner
of representing the Immaculate Conception.
5. Palomino, El museo pictórico, p. 417.
6. "Christ on the Cross" (https://web.archive.org/web/20111127080503/http://www.timkenmuseum.org/collection/italian/c
hrist-on-the-cross). Timken Museum of Art. Archived from the original (http://www.timkenmuseum.org/collection/italia
n/christ-on-the-cross) on 2011-11-27.
7. "Christ After the Flagellation" (http://www.kam.uiuc.edu/collection/europe/Murillo.html). Krannert Art Museum.
8. "Bartolomé Esteban MURILLO" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120910141915/http://smu.edu/meadowsmuseum/coll
ections_Murillo_tree.htm). Meadows Museum. Archived from the original (http://smu.edu/meadowsmuseum/collection
s_Murillo_tree.htm) on 2012-09-10. Retrieved 2012-12-08.

Literature
Palomino, Antonio (1988). El museo pictórico y escala óptica III. El parnaso español pintoresco laureado. Madrid :
Aguilar S.A. de Ediciones. ISBN 84-03-88005-7.

External links
Paintings in Museums and Public Art Galleries Worldwide (http://www.artcyclopedia.com/artists/murillo_bartolome_est
eban.html)
Murillo Biography, Style and Critical Reception (http://www.artble.com/artists/bartolome_esteban_murillo)
Murillo Gallery at MuseumSyndicate (http://www.museumsyndicate.com/artist.php?artist=442)
Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Bartolomé Esteban Murillo". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton
Company.
Murillo at ArtRenewalCenter (http://www.artrenewal.org/pages/artist.php?artistid=2087)

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