Name: Joezel A. Entienza Date: Oct.

09, 2018

Instructor: Engr. Teresa Lumansoc Rating:

Laboratory #3

HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL INSTRUMENTS

Introduction:

The whole field of water quantity and supply is of growing importance of a hydrometeorology and its
instruments. A hydrometeorology is a branch of meteorology that deals with problems involving
hydrologic cycle, the water budget, and the rain statistics of storm. In additional it is the science and
mechanisms of observing weather behavior in relation to water, is an important field of weather
prediction as too much rain can cause as much harm as it absence.

Objectives:

Specifically, this laboratory attempts to:

 To understand the importance of each instrument that is used in hydrometeorology.
 To be able identify each instruments.
 To be able to know the uses of each instruments.
Instruments:

Anemometer

- also a common weather station instrument. The term is derived from the Greek
word anemos, which means wind, and is used to describe any wind speed
instrument used in meteorology.

-a device used for measuring the speed of wind

Atmometer

- an atmometer alongside a potometer, it is possible to compare the rate of

transpiration from a plant with evaporation from a purely physical system.
"atmometer."

- An instrument that is used for measuring the rate of evaporation of water into
air.

Altimeters

- The measurement of altitude is called altimetry, which is related to the term

bathymetry, the measurement of depth under water.

- This instrument used to measure the altitude of an object above a fixed level.
 Barometer

- It consists of a glass tube filled with mercury and a brass scale. The glass tube is
kept in a metallic tube.

- The commonly used barometer in meteorological observatories is fotin’s

barometer. The readings taken are corrected for temperature, attitude, and latitude.

Barograph

- is a barometer that records the barometric pressure over time.

- Continuous recording of pressure is made with this instrument.

Centrifuges

- a machine with a rapidly rotating container that applies centrifugal force to its
contents, any of various rotating machines that separate liquids
from solids or dispersions of one liquid in another, by the action of centrifugal force.

- Used to separate fluids of different densities (e.g., cream from milk) or liquids from
solids.

Ceilometer

- a device that uses a laser or other light source to determine the height of a cloud
ceiling or cloud base.

- used to measure the aerosol concentration within the atmosphere. When based on
laser, it is a type of atmospheric lidar.

Caliper

- A caliper can be as simple as a compass with inward or outward-facing points.

- device used to measure the distance between two opposite sides of an object.

Dry and wet Bulb Hydrometer

- Important to determine the state of humid air.

- It is used to measure the relative humidity of atmosphere.

Dark Adoptor Goggles

- made with red-tinted plastic lenses. Such goggles or glasses are often used by pilots
and weather observers to preserve their natural night vision.

- used in the field of meteorology and astronomy for adapting the eyes to the
dark prior to an observation at night. They also aid with the identification
of clouds during bright sunshine or glare from snow.

Dropsonde

- an expendable weather reconnaissance device

- Designed to be dropped from an aircraft at altitude over water to measure (and

therefore track) storm conditions as the device falls to the surface.

Dewcell

- consist of a small heating element surrounded by a solution of lithium chloride

- used for determining the dew point.

Disdrometer

- Some disdrometers can distinguish between rain, graupel, and hail. The uses for
disdrometers are numerous.

- used to measure the drop size distribution and velocity of falling hydrometeors.

Evaporation Pan

- The tank is filled with water up to two and half inches from the top. The decrease
by noting the level of water with the help of a vernier scale.

- a device which measures the amount of water evaporated in certain time from a
surface.

Sieve

-a device with meshes or perforations through which finer particles of a mixture (as
of ashes, flour, or sand) of various sizes may be passed to separate them from
coarser ones, through which the liquid may be drained from liquid-containing
material, or through which soft materials may be forced for reduction to fine
particles

- used to find the size distribution of the particles in a material.

Field Mill

- electrical fields in the atmosphere near thunderstorm clouds.

- used in outdoor laboratories for lightning protection equipment to determine

favorable experiment conditions.

Flux meter

- Flux meter is an instrument used for the measurement of intensity of sun-shine /

solar radiation.

Graduated Cylinders

- It has a narrow cylindrical shape. Each marked line on the graduated cylinder
represents the amount of liquid that has been measured.

- used to measure the volume of a liquid.

Maximum and Minimum Thermometer (Six’s Thermometer)

- It is an instrument which shows the maximum and minimum temperature of air

of the day. It consists of two horizontally placed thermometers.

- used to measure the maximum and minimum temperature of air of a day.

Measuring Scales

- calculate weight that is the product of mass into gravity (9.807 m/s2) on the
force on a spring, whereas a balance or pair of scales using a balance beam
compares masses by balancing the weight due to the mass of an object against the
weight of one or more known masses.

- devices used to measure weight.

Nephelometer

- an instrument for measuring concentration of suspended particulates in a liquid

or gas colloid.

- measures suspended particulates by employing a light beam and a light detector

set to one side of the source beam.
 Nephoscope

- Nephoscope is an instrument for measuring the altitude, direction, and velocity

of clouds.

Navigational compasses

- shows the directions north, south, east, and west on the compass face as
abbreviated initials.

- an instrument used for navigation and orientation that shows direction relative to
the geographic cardinal directions.

Pipette

-A small piece of apparatus which consists of narrow tube into which fluid is drawn
by suction (as for dispersing or measurement) and retained by closing the upper
end.

-used in chemistry, biology and medicine to transport a measured volume of liquid,

often as a media dispenser

pH Meters

-An apparatus for measuring the strength or the amount of acid present in a mixture
or solution-called also acidimeter.

-measures the hydrogen-ion activity in water-based solutions, indicating its acidity

or alkalinity expressed as pH.

Rain Gauges

-an instrument used by meteorologists and hydrologists to gather and measure the
amount of liquid precipitation over a set period of time.

-Rain gauge is a device used for measuring the amount of rainfall. It comprises a
funnel with five inches diameter in the mouth, a container to which the funnel is
shouldered and finally a metallic cylinder that holds both funnel and container.

Sound Meter

-The diaphragm of the microphone responds to changes in air pressure caused by

sound waves. That is why the instrument is sometimes referred to as a Sound
Pressure Level Meter.

-used for acoustic measurements. It is commonly a hand-held instrument with a

microphone.
Sunshine Recorder

-consists of a spherical glass mounted on a stand. When the sun rays fall on the glass,
a strip of prepared paper held in a grove at the focus length starts burning. When the
sun does not shine, the burn point of the paper the sun light hours (duration) of the
sun shine can be recorded.

- used in Continuous record of bright sun shine bour is obtained by sun-shine

recorder.

Seismometer

-Records of seismic waves allow seismologists to map the interior of the Earth and
to locate and measure the size of events like these.

-is an instrument that measures motion of the ground, caused by, for example, an
earthquake, a volcanic eruption, or the use of explosives.

Snow Gauge

-A snow gauge is a type of instrument used by meteorologists and hydrologists to

gather and measure the amount of solid precipitation over a set period of time.

Wind vane

-It consists essentially of a broad arrow head placed in ball bearings to enable the
arrow to move freely in the horizontal plane. The arrow indicates the direction of
wind.

-an instrument that indicates the direction of wind.

Stream gauges

-Stream gauges help predict flooding in addition to assisting water transportation.

-Used to measure the height of the water at any given moment. Stream gage or
gauging station is a location used by hydrologists or environmental scientists to
monitor and test terrestrial bodies of water.

Hail Pad

-A standard hail pad consists of florist's foam and aluminum foil. The falling hail
strikes the foil and creates dimples for the observer to measure after the storm.

-used to measure the size of hail that falls during a storm.

 Satellite

-a recent technological development now employed in the collecting of information

for hydrological analysis.

-Satellites with infrared cameras can measure water temperature to help determine
the source of the water in addition to possible future weather patterns. Satellites
that make use of microwaves can collect information about changes in ground
height. Hydrologists can then deduct information about moisture content of the
soil, helping to predict drought patterns and thereby assist crop growth.

Rockets

- The rocket had been developed in Germany as a weapons of war. Then they offer
the opportunity to scientist for them to add scientific instrumentation on board.

- instruments which were added were temperature and pressure measuring

equipment, equipment for measuring cosmic rays and equipment for studying the ionosphere.

Reference:

https://www.google.com/search?source=hp&ei=swe6W_7VFpyOvQS16IeACw&q=wind+vane&oq=win
d+vane&gs_l=psy-ab.3...1931.4129.0.4618.10.8.0.0.0.0.0.0..0.0....0...1c.1.64.psy-
ab..10.0.0.0...0.r6cEjiKtHBE

http://pstustudy.blogspot.com/2010/08/study-on-agrometeorological-instruments.html

https://sciencing.com/weather-instruments-uses-8013246.html

https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=Stream+gauges&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0
ahUKEwiwu9Xz9vTdAhXEpI8KHbiKBhgQ_AUIDigB&biw=1242&bih=636#imgdii=HCuYQTBqoWI
UYM:&imgrc=Mqb4nhMTTcmV4M: