2014 Amath p1

Solutions to O Level Add Math paper 1 2014
1. Given that the line y  2 x  c is a tangent to the curve y 2  kx , where c and k are positive
constants, prove that k is a multiple of c. [4]
[Analysis]
To prove that k  mc . A curve is tangent to a line. Discriminant is zero.
Solution :
Given y  2 x  c and y 2  kx ,
2 x  c2  kx
4 x 2  4cx  c 2  kx
4 x 2  4c  k x  c 2  0
The discriminant  4c  k   44c 2
2
 16c 2  8ck  k 2  16c 2

 k 2  8ck  0
k k  8c   0
Since k  0 , k  0 , we have
k  8c  0  k  8c
Alternative solutions:
Let k  mc , m  0
2 x  c2  mcx
4 x 2  4cx  c 2  mcx
4 x 2  4  mcx  c 2  0
The discriminant  c 2 4  m  44c 2
2

 c 2 16  8m  m2  16 

 c 2 m2  8m  0 
Since c  0 , c  0 and m  0 we have
mm  8  0  m  8
k  8c
By KL Ang, Feb 2014, source of questions ©UCLES & MOE 2012 Page 1
Alternative solution:
Given y  2 x  c ,
dy
2
dx
Given y 2  kx ,
2 y dx

k dy
dy k

dx 2 y
k
 2
2y
k
y
4
2
k
   kx
4
k
x
16
k k 
  2   c
4  16 
k
c
8
k  8c
4
2. Find the coordinates of the stationary point of the curve y  x  for x  0 , and determine
x
the nature of this stationary point. [5]
[Analysis]
dy d2 y
Finding turning points of a curve by differentiation,  0. is to determine min/max
dx dx 2
points.
Solution :
4
Given y  x  ,
x
dy 4
 1 2
dx x
dy
When  0,
dx
4
0  1 2
x
4
1
x2
x2  4
x  2
x  2,  x0
4
y  2  4
2
the stationary point is 2, 4
d2 y 8

dx 2 x 3
d2 y 8
When x  2 ,   1  0 , the turning point is a minimum.
dx 2 23
4 4
Given y  x  ,  x  0 , y  x   0
x x
yx  x  4
2
x 2  yx  4  0
Taking discriminant,
 y 2  44  0
y 2  16
y  4 or y  4 (rejected as y  0 )
y has a minimum value of 4.
When y  4 ,
x2  4x  4  0
x  22  0
x2
the stationary point 2, 4 is a minimum point.
 ax
3
3. It is given that 2
dx  7 , where a is a constant.
1

6
(i) Find the value of ax 2 dx . [3]

2
 ax  b dx
3
2
(ii) Express in terms of the constant b . [2]
1
[Analysis]
Some technical aspect of definite integration.
Solution :

3
(i) Given ax 2 dx  7 ,
1

 ax 3  3  27a   a  26a
3
ax 2 dx        7
1  3  1  3  3 3

 ax 3  6  216a   8a  208a
6
 26a 
ax 2 dx         8   87   56
2  3  2  3   3 3  3 
 ax  
3 3 3
(ii) 2

 b dx  ax dx 
2 3
b dx  7  bx  7  2b
1
1 1 1

3
(i) Given ax 2 dx  7 ,
1

 ax 3  3  27a   a  26a
3
ax 2 dx        7
1  3  1  3  3 3
26a
7
3
21
a
26

21  x 3  6 21  216 8  21 208
6
ax 2 dx       78  56
2 26  3  2 26  3 3  26 3
4. It is given that 22 x1  31x .
(i) Find the exact value of 12 x . [3]
(ii) Hence find the value of x corrected to 2 decimal places. [2]
[Analysis]
Part (i) is to find the value of 12 x , not x. Then, find the value of x in Part (ii).
Solution:
(i)  
x
Given that 12 x  22  3  22 x3x ,
22 x1  31x
22 x
 31 x
2
 
22 x  2 31 x
 12 x
 23  3
1 x x
12 x  23
12 x  6
(ii) From (i), we have 12 x  6 .

 
lg 12 x  lg 6
x lg12  lg 6
lg 6
x  0.72 (2 d.p.)
lg 12
Given that 22 x1  31x ,

   
lg 22 x1  lg 31x ,
2x  1lg2  1  xlg3
2 x lg 2  lg 2  lg 3  x lg 3
2 x lg 2  x lg 3  lg 3  lg 2
x lg 12  lg 6 --------- (a)
lg 12 x  lg 6
12 x  6
lg 6
(ii) From (a), x   0.72 (2 d.p.)
lg 12
5. A
T
C
The diagram shows points A, B and C lying on a circle. The point T is such that the lines TA
and TC are tangents to the circle. Given that angle ABC = angle ATC, prove that triangle
ACT is equilateral. [4]
[Analysis]
From the “tangents from an external point”, we know TC = TA, any one of the 3 angles is 60°
will have made an equilateral.
Solution:
TA  TC (property of tangents from an external point)
 ATC is an isosceles
 TCA  TAC
TCA  CBA  TAC (tangent chord theorem)
Given that ABC  ATC ,

 TCA  ATC  TAC
 ATC is an equilateral.
A
2 O 
B

T
C
Given that ABC  ATC   ,

Let the centre of the circle be O.
AOC  2 (angle at the centre is twice the angle at the circumference)
TCO  TAO  90 (radius  tangent)
ATC  AOC  180 (sum of angles in quadrilateral OATC)

  2  180
  60
TA  TC (property of tangents from an external point)

 ATC is an isosceles
180  60
 TCA  TAC   60
2
 TCA  CBA  TAC
 ATC is an equilateral.
6. l
y
B 7, 6
P
M
A 1, 4
O x
In the diagram, M is the midpoint of the line joining the points A1, 4 and B7, 6 .
The perpendicular bisector of AB intersects the line l at the point P. Given that line l is
parallel to the line y  2 x  3 , find the coordinates of P. [6]
[Analysis]
Create equation for PA and PM, then solve for the intersection of these two lines.
Solution:
Given that A1, 4 and B7, 6 ,
1 7 4  6 
M ,   M 4, 5
 2 2 
46 2 1
Gradient of AB, mAB   
1 7 6 3
1
Gradient of PM, mPM   3 , AB  PM
mAB
Equation of PM,
y  5  3x  4
y  3x  17 ---------- (1)
Equation of AP,
y  4  2x  1 , AP // y  2 x  3
y  2 x  2 ---------- (2)
Therefore, solve AP and PM,

y  3x  17 and y  2 x  2
 3x  17  2x  2
5x  15
x3
y  23  2  8
P3, 8
y l
46 2 1
Gradient of AB, mAB    P
1 7 6 3
1 3v B 7, 6
Gradient of PM, mPM   ,
mAB v
3v
( AB  PM ) 2u v
M
A 1, 4
2u 1
Gradient of AP, mAP  2  u
u 3
From the diagram, O x
u  v  3  u  3  v  2u  6  2v
2u  3v  1
6  2v  3v  1
5v  5
v 1
u  3 1  2
P1  2, 4  22  P3, 8
7.
y
O x
The diagram above shows part of the graph of y  4  x . In each of the following cases
determine the number of intersections of the line y  mx  c with y  4  x , justifying your
answer.
(i) m  1 and c  2 . [2]
1
(ii) m and c  0 . [2]
2
1
(iii) m   and c  2 . [2]
2
[Analysis]
Testing on the graph of modulus function and a straight line. Good graph sketching is
necessary.
y
Solution:
From y  4  x , we get 4
When x  0 ,
y 4 4
When y  0 ,
0 4 x
O 4 x
x4
(i) m  1 and c  2 . y  xc

y  x  c intersects y  4  x , y
// y  x  4
y  x2
y  4 x
One point of intersection.
4
y  x4
2
O 4 x
1 1
(ii) m and c  0 . y  x
2 2
From the sketch, y
there are 2 points of intersections.
y  4 x
4
1
y x
2
y  x4
O 4 x
1 1
(iii) m   and c  2 . y   x  c y
2 2
When y  0 ,
1
0 xc y  4 x
2
4
x  2c  4
From the sketch, there is
y  x4
no intersection. 2
O 4 x
1
y x2
2
(i) m  1 and c  2 . y  xc

When x  4 , y  4  x  x  4
xc  x4
c  4 , no solution
When x  4 , y  4  x  4  x
xc  4 x
4c
x 4
2
4c
Since c  2 , there is a solution.
There is 1 intersection.
1 1
(ii) m and c  0 . y  x
2 2
When x  4 ,
1
x x4
2
x 8
When x  4 ,
1
x 4 x
2
8
x
3
There are 2 points of intersections.
1 1
(iii) m   and c  2 . y   x  c
2 2
When x  4 ,
1
 xc x4
2
8  2c
x 4
3
c  2 , but c  2 , no solution.
When x  4 ,
1
 xc  4 x
2
x  8  2c  4
c  2 , but c  2 , no solution.
There is no intersections.
8. The roots of the quadratic equation x 2  3x  5  0 are  and  .
(i) Express  2     2 in terms of     and  . [1]
(ii) Find a quadratic equation whose roots are  3 and  3 . [6]
[Analysis]
A question on SOR and POR, where (i) is a preparation for (ii).
Solution:
Given that x 2  3x  5  0 ,     3,   5 ,
(i)  2     2   2  2   2  2       2  3
(ii)  
 3   3      2     2          2  3 ,
 3   3  3 32  35  18
 3 3   3  53  125
x2  18x  125  0
(i) Let  2     2  a   2  b

When   0 ,  2  a 2  a  1
When   1 ,   1 , 1  1  1  2  b , b  3
2
 2     2     2  3
(ii) Given that x 2  3x  5  0 ,     3,   5 ,

x  3x  5  0
2
 x 2  3x  5
 x 3  3x 2  5 x
 x3  33x  5  5x
 x3  4 x  15
  3  4  15
 3  4  15
  3   3  4     30
  3   3  43  30  18
 3 3   3  53  125
x2  18x  125  0
9. (i) Express the equation 2 cot 2   5cosec  1 as a quadratic equation in cosec . [2]
(ii) Hence solve the equation 2 cot 2   5cosec  1 for 0    360 . [4]
(iii) State the number of solutions of the equation 2 cot 2   5cosec  1 in the range
 720    720 . [1]
[Analysis]
(i) Apply 1  cot 2   cosec 2 .
(ii) Solve quadratic equation .
(iii) Extend the range of solution.
Solution:
(i) Given that 2 cot 2   5cosec  1, knowing 1  cot 2   cosec 2 , we get
 
2 cosec 2  1  5cosec  1
2cosec   5cosec  3  0
2
(ii) 2cosec 2  5cosec  3  0 , 0    360

2cosec  1cosec  3  0
2cosec  1  0 or cosec  3  0
1
cosec   cosec  3
2
1
(Rejected as cosec  1) 3
sin
1
sin  
3
1
Therefore   sin 1  
 3
  19.5 or   180  19.5  160.5
(iii) For  720    720 , there are 4 cycles. 4  2  8 solutions.
10. A particle travels in a straight line, so that t seconds after passing through a fixed point O ,
8
its acceleration, a m/s2, is given by a  . The particle comes to rest when t  2 .
t  22
Find
(i) an expression for the velocity of the particle in terms of t , [3]
(ii) the distance from O at which the particle comes to rest. [4]
[Analysis]
Part (i) is when the time t  2 , the particle has zero velocity. Part (ii) is to find the distance between
the particle when it is zero velocity from point O.
Solution:
8
(i) Given that a  ,
t  22
 
1 8
V
8
dt   8 dt  C
t  22 t  22
t  2
When t  2 , V  0 ,
8
0 C
2  2
C2
8
V  2
t  2
8
(ii) From V  2  ,
t  2
2 2
 
 8   1 
S  2   dt   2  8  dt  2t  8 ln t  20
2
 t  2   t  2 
0 0
S  4  8 ln 4   8 ln 2
S  4  8 ln 2  16 ln 2
S  1.55 (3s.f.)
11. Variables x and y are connected by the equation y  ax n , where a and n are constants.
Using experimental values of x and y, a graph was drawn in which ln y was plotted on the
vertical axis against ln x on the horizontal axis. The straight line which was obtained passed
through the points 1.6, 2.5 and 2.3, 1.1 .
Estimate
(i) the value of n and , to 2 significant figures, the value of a, [4]
(ii) the coordinates of the point on the line at which y  2 x . [4]
[Analysis]
(i) the equation of the straight line is ln y  ln a  n ln x .
(ii) y  2 x , ln y  ln 2  ln x intersects ln y  ln a  n ln x . To find ln x, ln y  .
Solution:
(i) Given the straight line passed through the points 1.6, 2.5 and 2.3, 1.1 ,
At 1.6, 2.5 , 2.5  ln a  n1.6 ---------- (1)
At 2.3, 1.1 , 1.1  ln a  n2.3 ---------- (2)
(1) – (2) , 1.4  0.7n
n  2
2.5  ln a  21.6
ln a  5.7
a  e5.7
a  300 (2 s.f.)
y  300 x 2
(ii) y  2 x  ln y  ln 2  ln x .
Let Y  ln y and X  ln x
Y  ln 2  X
and Y  5.7  2 X
ln 2  X  5.7  2 X
3 X  5.7  ln 2  5.0
X  1.67 (3 s.f.) and Y  5.7  21.669  2.36 (3 s.f.)
The coordinates of the point on the line at which y  2 x is 1.67, 2.36 .
Given that y  300 x 2 and y  2 x ,
2 x  300 x 2
x3  150
x  5.313 and y  25.313  10.626
ln x  1.67 and ln y  2.36
The coordinates of the point on the line at which y  2 x is 1.67, 2.36 .
12.
15 cm
30 cm
h cm
1
[The volume of a cone of height H and base radius R is given by  R2 H ]
3
The diagram shows a hollow conical tank of height 30 cm and radius 15 cm. The tank is
held fixed with its circular rim horizontal. Water is then poured into the empty tank at a
constant rate of 20 cm3/s. After t seconds the depth of water is h cm.
h3
(i) Show that the volume of water in the tank, V cm3, at time t is given by V  . [2]
12
(ii) Find the rate of change of the depth when h  5 . [4]
(iii) State, with a reason, whether this rate will increase or decrease as t increases. [2]
[Analysis]
(i) is about formulating an equation, the equation has no t and r.
dh
(ii) applies chain rule to find .
dt
dh d 2h
(iii) need to deduce the change in , i.e. 2 .
dt dt
Solution:
(i) Given V  20t ,
r 15
Let 
h 30
h
r
2
1
 V   r2 h
3
2
1 h
V   h
3 2
 h3
V
12
dV dV h 2
(ii) Let  20 and  ,
dt dh 4
dV dV dh
 
dt dh dt
 52 dh
h  5, 20  
4 dt
dh 16

dt 5
dh
 1.02 (3 s.f.)
dt
h 2 dh
(iii) 20  
4 dt
dh 80

dt h 2
d 2h 160
 3
dt 2
h
When h  5 ,
d 2h 160
 3 0
dt 2
5
dh
is at a decreasing rate.
dt
13.
The height above ground level, h m, of a capsule on the Singapore Flyer is modelled by the
equation, h  801  cos kt , where k is a constant and t is the time in minutes after starting
the ride at ground level. The total time to complete one revolution is 30 minutes.
(i) Explain why this model suggests that the height of the Singapore Flyer is 160 m. [1]

(ii) Show that the value of k is radian per minute. [2]
15
It is possible for a person riding in a capsule to see a certain landmark, provided the capsule
is at least 100 m above ground level.
(iii) Find the length of time for which the landmark will be in view during one revolution.
[5]
[Analysis]
Need to relate the formula h  801  cos kt to the flyer. Consider h  801  cos   where 
being the angle of rotation of the flyer. Then   kt , k is the speed of rotation. The flyer
rotates 2 360 in 30 minute.
Solution:
h
Make a sketch of h  801  cos kt .
160
100
(i) when cos kt  1 , flyer moved by half
80
of the revolution,
h  801  1  160
0 t (min)
15 30
(ii) The flyer takes 30 min to complete one
Revolution, 2 radians.
k 30  2

k radian/min
15
(iii) when h  100 ,

801  cos kt  100  
1
 cos kt
4
1  1
Consider cos kt    kt  cos 1   
4  4
kt  1.8235 rad or kt  4.4597 rad
t  1.8235  k  8.70 or t  4.4597  k  21.29
The duration of above 100 m is 21.29  8.70  12.6 minutes
(iii) Consider h  100 ,
 1
801  cos kt  100  cos kt  
1
 kt  cos 1   
4  4
kt  1.8235 rad
t  1.8235  k  8.70 , it takes 15 minutes to reach the top. So, 215  8.7  12.6 minutes

2014 Amath p1

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Solutions to O Level Add Math paper 1 2014

 16c 2  8ck  k 2  16c 2

(i) Find the value of ax 2 dx . [3]

4. It is given that 22 x1  31x .

(i) Find the exact value of 12 x . [3]

(ii) Hence find the value of x corrected to 2 decimal places. [2]

(ii) From (i), we have 12 x  6 .

Given that 22 x1  31x ,

TA  TC (property of tangents from an external point)

TCA  CBA  TAC (tangent chord theorem)

Given that ABC  ATC ,

Given that ABC  ATC   ,

TCO  TAO  90 (radius  tangent)

ATC  AOC  180 (sum of angles in quadrilateral OATC)

TA  TC (property of tangents from an external point)

Therefore, solve AP and PM,

From the diagram, O x

P1  2, 4  22  P3, 8

(i) m  1 and c  2 . [2]

(i) m  1 and c  2 . y  xc

(i) m  1 and c  2 . y  xc

8. The roots of the quadratic equation x 2  3x  5  0 are  and  .

(i) Express  2     2 in terms of     and  . [1]

(ii) Find a quadratic equation whose roots are  3 and  3 . [6]

(i)  2     2   2  2   2  2       2  3

(i) Let  2     2  a   2  b

(ii) Given that x 2  3x  5  0 ,     3,   5 ,

(i) Given that 2 cot 2   5cosec  1, knowing 1  cot 2   cosec 2 , we get

(ii) 2cosec 2  5cosec  3  0 , 0    360

(iii) For  720    720 , there are 4 cycles. 4  2  8 solutions.

(i) an expression for the velocity of the particle in terms of t , [3]

(ii) the coordinates of the point on the line at which y  2 x . [4]

(ii) Find the rate of change of the depth when h  5 . [4]

(iii) when h  100 ,

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