Bangladesh University Of Engineering And Technology

Course No : EEE-402

Project Name:
Automatic synchronization of voltage, frequency and
phase of a newly installed generator with infinity bus.

Submitted by:
i) Shadman Shahriar
Student id : 1406017

ii) Tanveerul Islam

Student id : 1406018

iii) Md. Latifur Rahman

Student id : 1406022

iv) Abesh Ghosh

Student id : 1406031

v) Ashraf Siddiquee
Student id : 1406032
Objective:
The main objective of our project is to create an automatic system that
can synchronize three major elements that are AC voltage, frequency and phase of
a newly installed generator with infinite bus. Our system automatically fixes the
voltage as well as frequency and phase of a generator that synchronizes with
existing power system.

Application:
A synchronous generator is an electrical-mechanical system. Three-phase
voltages of the power system, when applied to the stator windings of a generator,
create a rotating magnetic field that rotates at synchronous speed. Synchronous
speed is determined by the number of poles wound on the stator. The rotor has a
fixed magnetic field that creates a rotating magnetic field when the rotor is turning
and a field is applied. When the stator is connected to the power system, the rotor
and stator are linked by the rotating magnetic field, and the rotor must turn at
synchronous speed. The rotor is also connected to a prime mover by a mechanical
shaft that supplies the mechanical energy for conversion to electrical energy. The
prime mover is typically a turbine (steam, combustion, hydraulic, etc.) or
reciprocating engine (diesel, natural gas, etc.). When the generator is connected to
the power system, the electrical and mechanical systems are tied together.
The generator constitutes a large dynamic source/sink for reactive power. If
the exciter is in manual mode during synchronization and the generator voltage is
lower than the system voltage, it can cause a voltage dip to the local power system
if the connected system cannot supply the VARs to hold the voltage up until the
exciter control mode can be switched to automatic. The situation can actually be
worse if the exciter is in voltage regulation mode during synchronization. As soon
as the unit is synchronized to the system, the voltage regulator could immediately
back off excitation to try to bring the voltage down to its set point, resulting in an
extreme underexcited condition. The weak magnetic field can result in the machine
not pulling into synchronism or pulling back out of synchronism shortly after
synchronization.
 In generating facilities with more than a single generator or installations with
multiple synchronizing breakers, complicated synchronizing circuits with many
contacts are required to switch the VT and control signals between the operator and
automatic controls and the high-voltage equipment. Maintaining proper isolation
and safety grounding of sensing and control circuits often requires the use of
problem-prone auxiliary relays and VTs, which can reduce the reliability of the
system. But our system can minimize all these cost greatly.
In traditional power system, while installing new generator the voltage,
frequency and phase are manually synchronized by the workers. This is quite a
hard work .Also if this is not done properly it can damage the generator. That is
why our developed system can improve power systems and also save time.
Manually synchronizing a generator may damage the generator and the
prime mover because of mechanical stresses caused by rapid acceleration or
deceleration, bringing the rotating masses into synchronism with the power system.
But our designed system can minimize the damage greatly as it does synchronizing
with quiet precision.
If the generator is not synchronized properly it can damage the generator and
step-up transformer windings caused by high currents. Here our system can control
the current supply of the generator so that current damage can be eradicated.
Also synchronizing a new generator needs a lot of money as well as
manpower. Our proposed system is very much cost efficient and it requires very
less manpower to operate the process. So if we see this system is very much useful
in power system to add new generator. It can also open a whole new possibilities
for near future.

Block diagram :