“Frontmatter”

Environmental Engineer's Handbook

Ed. David H.F. Liu & Bela G. Liptak
Boca Raton: CRC Press LLC, 1999

c1999 by CRC Press LLC
 Environmental Engineering Contents

1 Environmental Laws and Regulations

1.1 Administrative Laws
1.2 Information Laws
1.3 Natural Resource Laws
1.4 Pollution Control Laws

2 Environmental Impact Assessment

2.1 Background Conceptual and Administration Information
2.2 EIA Methods: The Broad Perspective
2.3 Interaction Matrix and Simple Checklist Methods
2.4 Techniques for Impact Prediction
2.5 Decision-Focused Checklists
2.6 Preparation of Written Documentation
2.7 Environmental Monitoring
2.8 Emerging Issues in the EIA Process
2.9 International Activities in Environmental Impact Assessment

3 Pollution Prevention in Chemical Manufacturing

3.1 Regulations and Definitions
3.2 Pollution Prevention Methodology
3.3 Pollution Prevention Techniques
3.4 Life Cycle Assessment
3.5 Sustainable Manufacturing
3.6 R & D for Cleaner Processes

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 3.7 Reaction Engineering
3.8 Separation and Recycling Systems
3.9 Engineering Review
3.10 Process Modifications
3.11 Process Integration
3.12 Process Analysis
3.13 Process Control
3.14 Public Sector Activities

4 Standards
Air Quality Standards
4.1 Setting Standards
4.2 Technology Standards
4.3 Other Air Standards
Noise Standards
4.4 Noise Standards
Water Standards
4.5 Water Quality Standards
4.6 Drinking Water Standards
4.7 Groundwater Standards
International Standards
4.8 ISO 14000 Environmental Standards

5 Air Pollution
Pollutants: Sources, Effects, and Dispersion Modeling
5.1 Sources, Effects, and Fate of Pollutants
5.2 VOCs and HAPs Emission from Chemical Plants
5.3 HAPs from Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industries
5.4 Atmospheric Chemistry
5.5 Macro Air Pollution Effects
5.6 Meteorology
5.7 Meteorologic Applications in Air Pollution Control
5.8 Atmospheric Dispersion Modeling
Air Quality
5.9 Emission Measurements
5.10 Air Quality Monitoring
5.11 Stack Sampling
5.12 Continuous Emission Monitoring
5.13 Remote Sensing Techniques
Pollutants: Minimization and Control
5.14 Pollution Reduction
5.15 Particulate Controls
5.16 Dry Collectors
5.17 Electrostatic Precipitators
5.18 Wet Collectors
5.19 Gaseous Emission Control
5.20 Physical and Chemical Separation

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 5.21 Thermal Destruction
5.22 Biofiltration
Fugitive Emissions: Sources and Controls
5.23 Fugitive Industrial Particulate Emissions
5.24 Fugitive Industrial Chemical Emissions
5.25 Fugitive Dust
Odor Control
5.26 Perception, Effect, and Characterization
5.27 Odor Control Strategy
Indoor Air Pollution
5.28 Radon and Other Pollutants
5.29 Air Quality in the Workplace

6 Noise Pollution
6.1 The Physics of Sound and Hearing
6.2 Noise Sources
6.3 The Effects of Noise
6.4 Noise Measurements
6.5 Noise Assessment and Evaluation
6.6 Noise Control at the Source
6.7 Noise Control in the Transmission Path
6.8 Protecting the Receiver

7 Wastewater Treatment
Sources and Characteristics
7.1 Nature of Wastewater
7.2 Sources and Effects of Contaminants
7.3 Characterization of Industrial Wastewater
7.4 Wastewater Minimization
7.5 Developing a Treatment Strategy
Monitoring and Analysis
7.6 Flow and Level Monitoring
7.7 pH, Oxidation-Reduction Probes and Ion-Selective Sensors
7.8 Oxygen Analyzers
7.9 Sludge, Colloidal Suspension, and Oil Monitors
Sewers and Pumping Stations
7.10 Industrial Sewer Design
7.11 Manholes, Catch Basins, and Drain Hubs
7.12 Pumps and Pumping Stations
Equalization and Primary Treatment
7.13 Equalization Basins
7.14 Screens and Comminutors
7.15 Grit Removal
7.16 Grease Removal and Skimming
7.17 Sedimentation
7.18 Flotation and Foaming
7.19 Sludge Pumping and Transportation

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 Conventional Biological Treatment
7.20 Septic and Imhoff Tanks
7.21 Conventional Sewage Treatment Plants
Secondary Treatment
7.22 Wastewater Microbiology
7.23 Trickling Filters
7.24 Rotating Biological Contactors
7.25 Activated-Sludge Processes
7.26 Extended Aeration
7.27 Ponds and Lagoons
7.28 Anaerobic Treatment
7.29 Secondary Clarification
7.30 Disinfection
Advanced or Tertiary Treatment
7.31 Treatment Plant Advances
7.32 Chemical Precipitation
7.33 Filtration
7.34 Coagulation and Emulsion Breaking
Organics, Salts, Metals, and Nutrient Removal
7.35 Soluble Organics Removal
7.36 Inorganic Salt Removal by Ion Exchange
7.37 Demineralization
7.38 Nutrient (Nitrogen and Phosphorous) Removal
Chemical Treatment
7.39 Neutralization Agents and Processes
7.40 pH Control Systems
7.41 Oxidation-Reduction Agents and Processes
7.42 ORP Control (Chrome and Cyanide Treatment)
7.43 Oil Separation and Removal
Sludge Stabilization and Dewatering
7.44 Stabilization: Aerobic Digestion
7.45 Stabilization: Anaerobic Digestion
7.46 Sludge Thickening
7.47 Dewatering Filters
7.48 Dewatering: Centrifugation
7.49 Heat Treatment and Thermal Dryers
Sludge Disposal
7.50 Sludge Incineration
7.51 Lagoons and Landfills
7.52 Spray Irrigation
7.53 Ocean Dumping
7.54 Air Drying
7.55 Composting

8 Removing Specific Water Contaminants

8.1 Removing Suspended Solid Contaminants
8.2 Removing Organic Contaminants
8.3 Removing Inorganic Contaminants
8.4 Inorganic Neutralization and Recovery

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 8.5 Oil Pollution
8.6 Purification of Salt Water
8.7 Radioactive Liquid Waste Treatment

9 Groundwater and Surface Water Pollution

Principles of Groundwater Flow
9.1 Groundwater and Aquifers
9.2 Fundamental Equations of Groundwater Flow
9.3 Confined Aquifers
9.4 Unconfined Aquifers
9.5 Combined Confined and Unconfined Flow
Hydraulics of Wells
9.6 Two-Dimensional Problems
9.7 Nonsteady (Transient) Flow
9.8 Determining Aquifer Characteristics
9.9 Design Considerations
9.10 Interface Flow
Principles of Groundwater Contamination
9.11 Causes and Sources of Contamination
9.12 Fate of Contaminants in Groundwater
9.13 Transport of Contaminants in Groundwater
Groundwater Investigation and Monitoring
9.14 Initial Site Assessment
9.15 Subsurface Site Investigation
Groundwater Cleanup and Remediation
9.16 Soil Treatment Technologies
9.17 Pump-and-Treat Technologies
9.18 In Situ Treatment Technologies
Storm Water Pollutant Management
9.19 Integrated Storm Water Program
9.20 Nonpoint Source Pollution
9.21 Best Management Practices
9.22 Field Monitoring Programs
9.23 Discharge Treatment

10 Solid Waste
Source and Effect
10.1 Definition
10.2 Sources, Quantities, and Effects
Characterization
10.3 Physical and Chemical Characteristics
10.4 Characterization Methods
10.5 Implications for Solid Waste Management
Resource Conservation and Recovery
10.6 Reduction, Separation, and Recycling

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 10.7 Material Recovery
10.8 Refuse-Derived Fuel
Treatment and Disposal
10.9 Waste-to-Energy Incinerators
10.10 Sewage Sludge Incineration
10.11 Onsite Incinerators
10.12 Pyrolysis of Solid Waste
10.13 Sanitary Landfills
10.14 Composting of MSW

11 Hazardous Waste
Sources and Effects
11.1 Hazardous Waste Defined
11.2 Hazardous Waste Sources
11.3 Effects of Hazardous Waste
Characterization, Sampling, and Analysis
11.4 Hazardous Waste Characterization
11.5 Sampling and Analysis
11.6 Compatibility
Risk Assessment and Waste Management
11.7 The Hazard Ranking System and the National Priority List
11.8 Risk Assessment
11.9 Waste Minimization and Reduction
11.10 Hazardous Waste Transportation
Treatment and Disposal
11.11 Treatment, Storage, and Disposal Requirements
11.12 Storage
11.13 Treatment and Disposal Alternatives
11.14 Waste Destruction Technology
11.15 Waste Concentration Technology
11.16 Solidification and Stabilization Technologies
11.17 Biological Treatment
11.18 Biotreatment by Sequencing Batch Reactors
Storage and Leak Detection
11.19 Underground Storage Tanks
11.20 Leak Detection and Remediation
Radioactive Waste
11.21 Principles of Radioactivity
11.22 Sources of Radioactivity in the Environment
11.23 Safety Standards
11.24 Detection and Analysis
11.25 Mining and Recovery of Radioactive Materials
11.26 Low-Level Radioactive Waste
11.27 High-Level Radioactive Waste
11.28 Transport of Radioactive Materials

©1999 CRC Press LLC