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Features Description
n Operates from Inputs of 20mV The LTC®3108-1 is a highly integrated DC/DC converter ideal
n Complete Energy Harvesting Power for harvesting and managing surplus energy from extremely
Management System low input voltage sources such as TEGs (thermoelectric
- Selectable VOUT of 2.5V, 3V, 3.7V or 4.5V generators), thermopiles and small solar cells. The step-up
- LDO: 2.2V at 3mA topology operates from input voltages as low as 20mV.
- Logic Controlled Output
Using a small step-up transformer, the LTC3108-1 provides
- Reserve Energy Output
n Power Good Indicator
a complete power management solution for wireless sens-
n Uses Compact Step-Up Transformers
ing and data acquisition. The 2.2V LDO powers an external
n Small 12-Lead (3mm × 4mm) DFN or 16-Lead
microprocessor, while the main output is programmed to
one of four fixed voltages to power a wireless transmitter
SSOP Packages
or sensors. The power good indicator signals that the main
Applications output voltage is within regulation. A second output can be
enabled by the host. A storage capacitor provides power
n Remote Sensors and Radio Power when the input voltage source is unavailable. Extremely
n Surplus Heat Energy Harvesting low quiescent current and high efficiency design ensure
n HVAC Systems the fastest possible charge times of the output reservoir
n Industrial Wireless Sensing capacitor. The LTC3108-1 is functionally equivalent to the
n Automatic Metering LTC3108 except for its unique fixed VOUT options.
n Building Automation
n Predictive Maintenance The LTC3108-1 is available in a small, thermally enhanced
12-lead (3mm × 4mm) DFN package and a 16-lead SSOP
L, LT, LTC, LTM, Linear Technology and the Linear logo are registered trademarks of Linear
Technology Corporation. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. package.
Typical Application
Wireless Remote Sensor Application
Powered From a Peltier Cell VOUT Charge Time
1nF
1:100 5.25V 1000
C1 VSTORE VOUT = 3V
+
+ + 0.1F COUT = 470µF
THERMOELECTRIC LTC3108-1 6.3V
220µF 330pF
GENERATOR
VOUT2 100
C2
PGOOD
PGD µP
20mV TO 500mV 2.2V
TIME (sec)
SW VLDO
10
2.2µF SENSORS
3V
VS2 VOUT
+ RF LINK
470µF 1
1:100 Ratio
VS1 VOUT2_EN 1:50 Ratio
VAUX GND 31081 TA01a 1:20 Ratio
0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400
1µF VIN (mV)
31081 TA01b
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Pin Configuration
TOP VIEW
TOP VIEW
GND 1 16 GND
VAUX 1 12 SW
VAUX 2 15 SW
VSTORE 2 11 C2
VSTORE 3 14 C2
VOUT 3 13 10 C1
VOUT 4 13 C1
GND
VOUT2 4 9 VOUT2_EN
VOUT2 5 12 VOUT2_EN
VLDO 5 8 VS1 VLDO 6 11 VS1
PGD 6 7 VS2 PGD 7 10 VS2
GND 8 9 GND
DE PACKAGE
12-LEAD (4mm × 3mm) PLASTIC DFN
GN PACKAGE
TJMAX = 125°C, θJA = 43°C/W 16-LEAD PLASTIC SSOP NARROW
EXPOSED PAD (PIN 13) IS GND, MUST BE SOLDERED TO PCB (NOTE 4)
TJMAX = 125°C, θJA = 110°C/W
order information
LEAD FREE FINISH TAPE AND REEL PART MARKING* PACKAGE DESCRIPTION TEMPERATURE RANGE
LTC3108EDE-1#PBF LTC3108EDE-1#TRPBF 31081 12-Lead (4mm × 3mm) Plastic DFN –40°C to 125°C
LTC3108IDE-1#PBF LTC3108IDE-1#TRPBF 31081 12-Lead (4mm × 3mm) Plastic DFN –40°C to 125°C
LTC3108EGN-1#PBF LTC3108EGN-1#TRPBF 31081 16-Lead Plastic SSOP –40°C to 125°C
LTC3108IGN-1#PBF LTC3108IGN-1#TRPBF 31081 16-Lead Plastic SSOP –40°C to 125°C
Consult LTC Marketing for parts specified for other fixed output voltages or wider operating temperature ranges.
*The temperature grade is identified by a label on the shipping container.
For more information on lead free part marking, go to: http://www.linear.com/leadfree/
For more information on tape and reel specifications, go to: http://www.linear.com/tapeandreel/
Electrical
The Characteristics l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating
junction temperature range, otherwise specifications are for TA = 25°C (Note 2). VAUX = 5V, unless otherwise noted.
PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
Minimum Start-Up Voltage Using 1:100 Transformer Turns Ratio, VAUX = 0V 20 50 mV
No-Load Input Current Using 1:100 Transformer Turns Ratio; VIN = 20mV, 3 mA
VOUT2_EN = 0V; All Outputs Charged and in Regulation
Input Voltage Range Using 1:100 Transformer Turns Ratio l VSTARTUP 500 mV
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EFFICIENCY (%)
2500 50
IVOUT (µA)
IIN (mA)
500 10
1 0 0
10 100 1000 0 100 200 300 400 500
VIN (mV) VIN (mV)
31081 G00
31081 G01
EFFICIENCY (%)
2000 50 (VOUT = 4V)
IVOUT (µA)
IVOUT (µA)
800 40
1600 IVOUT 40
(VOUT = 4V)
600 30
1200 30 IVOUT
(VOUT = 4V)
400 20
800 20
400 10 200 10
0 0 0 0
0 100 200 300 400 500 0 100 200 300 400 500
VIN (mV) VIN (mV)
31081 G02 31081 G03
7
6
IVOUT (µA)
5 100
1:50 RATIO
4
3
10 1Ω
2 1:100 RATIO
2Ω
1 5Ω
10Ω
0 0
0 100 200 300 400 500 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800
VIN (mV) VIN OPEN-CIRCUIT (mV)
31081 G05
31081 G04
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IVOUT vs VIN and Source Resistance, IVOUT vs VIN and Source Resistance,
1:50 Ratio 1:100 Ratio
10000 1000
C1 = 4.7nF C1 = 1nF
1000
IVOUT (µA)
IVOUT (µA)
100 100
10 1Ω 1Ω
2Ω 2Ω
5Ω 5Ω
10Ω 10Ω
0 10
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 0 100 200 300 400 500
VIN OPEN-CIRCUIT (mV) VIN OPEN-CIRCUIT (mV)
31081 G06 31081 G07
C2 PIN
100 2V/DIV
SW PIN
50mV/
10 DIV
1:50 RATIO
1:100 RATIO 31081 G09
0.14
DROP IN VLDO (%)
0.12
–0.50 0.10
0.08
0.06
–0.75
0.04
0.02
–1.00 0.00
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4
LDO LOAD (mA) LDO LOAD (mA)
31081 G10 31081 G11
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VLDO
20mV/
20mV/DIV
DIV
ILDO
5mA/DIV
31081 G14
100ms/DIV 200µs/DIV
31081 G15
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VAUX (Pin 1/Pin 2): Output of the Internal Rectifier Cir- VS1 (Pin 8/Pin 11): VOUT Select Pin 1. Connect this pin
cuit and VCC for the IC. Bypass VAUX with at least 1µF of to ground or VAUX to program the output voltage (see
capacitance. An active shunt regulator clamps VAUX to Table 1).
5.25V (typical).
VOUT2_EN (Pin 9/Pin 12): Enable Input for VOUT2. VOUT2
VSTORE (Pin 2/Pin 3): Output for the Storage Capacitor will be enabled when this pin is driven high. There is an
or Battery. A large capacitor may be connected from this internal 5M pull-down resistor on this pin. If not used,
pin to GND for powering the system in the event the input this pin can be left open or grounded.
voltage is lost. It will be charged up to the maximum VAUX C1 (Pin 10/Pin 13): Input to the Charge Pump and Rectifier
clamp voltage. If not used, this pin should be left open Circuit. Connect a capacitor from this pin to the secondary
or tied to VAUX. winding of the step-up transformer.
VOUT (Pin 3/Pin 4): Main Output of the Converter. The C2 (Pin 11/Pin 14): Input to the N-Channel Gate Drive
voltage at this pin is regulated to the voltage selected by
Circuit. Connect a capacitor from this pin to the secondary
VS1 and VS2 (see Table 1). Connect this pin to an energy
winding of the step-up transformer.
storage capacitor or to a rechargeable battery.
SW (Pin 12/Pin 15): Drain of the Internal N-Channel
VOUT2 (Pin 4/Pin 5): Switched Output of the Converter.
Switch. Connect this pin to the primary winding of the
Connect this pin to a switched load. This output is open
transformer.
until VOUT2_EN is driven high, then it is connected to
VOUT through a 1.3Ω P-channel switch. If not used, this GND (Pins 1, 8, 9, 16) SSOP Only: Ground
pin should be left open or tied to VOUT. The peak current GND (Exposed Pad Pin 13) DFN Only: Ground. The DFN
in this output is limited to 0.3A typical. exposed pad must be soldered to the PCB ground plane.
VLDO (Pin 5/Pin 6): Output of the 2.2V LDO. Connect a It serves as the ground connection, and as a means of
2.2µF or larger ceramic capacitor from this pin to GND. conducting heat away from the die.
If not used, this pin should be tied to VAUX. Table 1. Regulated Voltage Using Pins VS1 and VS2
PGD (Pin 6/Pin 7): Power Good Output. When VOUT is VS2 VS1 VOUT
within 7.5% of its programmed value, PGD will be pulled GND GND 2.5V
up to VLDO through a 1MΩ resistor. If VOUT drops 9% GND VAUX 3V
below its programmed value PGD will go low. This pin VAUX GND 3.7V
can sink up to 100µA. VAUX VAUX 4.5V
VS2 (Pin 7/Pin 10): VOUT Select Pin 2. Connect this pin
to ground or VAUX to program the output voltage (see
Table 1).
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LTC3108-1
VOUT2
1.3Ω
ILIM VOUT2
VOUT2_EN
OFF ON
1.2V
SYNC RECTIFY REFERENCE VREF 5M
C1 VOUT
VIN 1:100 C1 VOUT
C2 +
C2 VS1
–
SW SW VOUT CHARGE
VOUT
CONTROL VS2
VSTORE PROGRAM
0.5Ω VREF
VLDO
1M
PGD
–
PGOOD
+
VAUX VSTORE
VBEST LDO
VOUT VREF
1µF CSTORE
GND (SSOP) EXPOSED PAD (DFN) VLDO
31081 BD
2.2V
2.2µF
The LTC3108-1 is designed to use a small external step-up average power draw is very low, but there may be periodic
transformer to create an ultralow input voltage step-up pulses of higher load current required. This is typical of
DC/DC converter and power manager. It is ideally suited wireless sensor applications, where the quiescent power
for low power wireless sensors and other applications in draw is extremely low most of the time, except for transmit
which surplus energy harvesting is used to generate system bursts when circuitry is powered up to make measure-
power because traditional battery power is inconvenient ments and transmit data.
or impractical. The LTC3108-1 can also be used to trickle charge a standard
The LTC3108-1 is designed to manage the charging and capacitor, supercapacitor or rechargeable battery, using
regulation of multiple outputs in a system in which the energy harvested from a Peltier or photovoltaic cell.
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5.0
VSTORE (V)
2.5
0
3.0
2.0
PGD (V)
1.0
0
5.0
VOLTAGE (V)
0
3.0
2.0
VLDO (V)
1.0
0
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
TIME (ms)
31081 F01a
Figure 1. Output Voltage Sequencing with VOUT Programmed for 3V (Time Not to Scale)
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1000 100
TEG: 30mm
127 COUPLES VOC
TEG MAXIMUM POUT —IDEAL (mW)
R = 2Ω
TEG VOPEN_CIRCUIT (mV)
100 10
MAX POUT
(IDEAL)
10 1
1 0.1
1 10 100
dT (°C) 31081 F02
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Typical Applications
Peltier-Powered Energy Harvester for Remote Sensor Applications
VS1 VOUT2_EN
VAUX GND
OFF ON
T1: COILCRAFT LPR6235-752SML
*COUT VALUE DEPENDENT ON
THE MAGNITUDE AND DURATION 1µF
OF THE LOAD PULSE 31081 TA02
31081fb
T1 INCANDESCENT LIGHT
1:20
C1 VSTORE
SOLAR
+ + 1000
220µF VOUT2
IVOUT (µA)
CELL* 330pF OUTDOOR
– LTC3108-1 LIGHT (CLOUDY)
C2 PGD
2.2V
VLDO VLDO
499k 100
3.0V
VOUT VOUT
+
SW 4F* 2.2µF
FLOURESCENT LIGHT
VS2
* 2" DIAMETER MONOCRYSTALLINE CELL
VS1 VOUT2_EN 10
LIGHT LEVEL ≥ 900 LUX
VAUX GND 100 1000 10,000 10,0000
T1: COILCRAFT LPR6235-253PML ILLUMINANCE (LUX)
*TAIYO YUDEN 31081 TA03b
VAUX
PAS1020LA3R0405
4.7µF
31081 TA03
HONEYWELL T1 4.7nF
Q313 1:50
THERMOPILE C1 VSTORE
+
220µF VOUT2
330pF
LTC3108-1
C2 PGD PGOOD
499k
2.2V
VLDO VLDO
4.5V
SW VOUT VOUT
VS2
+ 150µF 2.2µF
T1: COILCRAFT LPR6235-123QML VS1 VOUT2_EN 6.3V
VAUX GND
2.2µF
31081 TA04
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RIN
RIN > 100Ω/ V 5.25V
C1 VSTORE
+
+ VIN CSTORE
– VIN > 5V
VOUT2 VOUT2
C2 PGD PGOOD
LTC3108-1 2.2V
SW VLDO VLDO
3V 2.2µF
VS2 VOUT VOUT
+
COUT
31081 TA05
2.2µF
RIN CIN
RIN > 100Ω/ V 5.25V
C1 VSTORE
+
CSTORE
AC VIN VOUT2 VOUT2
VIN > 5VP-P
- PIEZO PGD PGOOD
- 60Hz LTC3108-1 2.2V
C2 VLDO VLDO
4.5V 2.2µF
SW VOUT VOUT
+
COUT
VS2
31081 TA06
2.2µF
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VSTORE 3V AT 20mA
VOUT2 VOUT2
T1 499k
VIN 0.1µF 10ms
1:10
150mV TO 600mV
CIN CRES* C1 PGD PGOOD
330pF LTC3108-1
390pF 2.2V
C2 VLDO VLDO
2.2µF
3V
SW VOUT
+
VS2 330µF
×3
0.068µF
AVX TPSX337M004R0100
6
VOUT ≤ 3V
TYPICAL
5
4
IVOUT (mA)
3 MINIMUM LIMIT
0
150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600
VIN (mV)
31081 TA07b
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DE/UE Package
12-Lead Plastic DFN (4mm × 3mm)
(Reference LTC DWG # 05-08-1695 Rev D)
GN Package
16-Lead Plastic SSOP (Narrow .150 Inch)
(Reference LTC DWG # 05-08-1641 Rev B)
.015 ±.004
× 45° .0532 – .0688 .004 – .0098
(0.38 ±0.10)
(1.35 – 1.75) (0.102 – 0.249)
.007 – .0098
0° – 8° TYP
(0.178 – 0.249)
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23
Information furnished by Linear Technology Corporation is believed to be accurate and reliable.
However, no responsibility is assumed for its use. Linear Technology Corporation makes no representa-
For more
tion that the interconnection of itsinformation www.linear.com/LTC3108-1
circuits as described herein will not infringe on existing patent rights.
LTC3108-1
Typical Application
Dual TEG Energy Harvester Operates from Temperature Differentials of Either Polarity
1nF
1:100
HOT C1
+ 5.25V
VSTORE
THERMOELECTRIC +
TEC 330pF CSTORE
GENERATOR
VOUT2 VOUT2
COLD C2
LTC3108-1
PGD PGOOD
499k 2.2V
SW VLDO VLDO
3V
VS2 VOUT VOUT
LPR6235-752SML VS1 VOUT2_EN + 2.2µF
COUT
VAUX GND
OFF ON
1µF
VAUX
1nF
1:100
COLD C1 VSTORE
+
THERMOELECTRIC VOUT2
TEC 330pF
GENERATOR
LTC3108-1
HOT C2 PGD
VLDO
499k
SW
VS2 VOUT
LPR6235-752SML VS1 VOUT2_EN
VAUX GND
31081 TA08
THERMOELECTRIC
GENERATOR
Related Parts
PART NUMBER DESCRIPTION COMMENTS
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3mm × 4mm DFN-12 and SSOP-16 Packages
LTC4070 Li-Ion/Polymer Low Current Shunt Battery VIN: 450nA to 50mA; VOUT(MIN): VFLOAT + 4V, 4.1V, 4.2V; IQ = 300nA;
Charger System 2mm × 3mm DFN-8 and MSOP-8 Packages
LTC1041 Bang-Bang Controller VIN: 2.8V to 16V; VOUT(MIN) = Adj; IQ = 1.2mA; ISD < 1µA; SO-8 Package
LTC1389 Nanopower Precision Shunt Voltage Reference VOUT(MIN) = 1.25V; IQ = 0.8µA; SO-8 Package
LT1672/LT1673/ Single-/Dual-/Quad-Precision 2µA Rail-to-Rail Op Amps SO-8, SO-14 and MSOP-8 Packages
LT1674
LT3009 3µA IQ, 20mA Linear Regulator VIN: 1.6V to 20V; VOUT(MIN): 0.6V to Adj, 1.2V, 1.5V, 1.8V, 2.5V, 3.3V,
5V to Fixed; IQ = 3µA; ISD < 1µA; 2mm × 2mm DFN-8 and SC70 Packages
LTC3525L-3/ 400mA (ISW), Synchronous Step-Up DC/DC Converter VIN: 0.7V to 4V; VOUT(MIN) = 5VMAX; IQ = 7µA; ISD < 1µA; SC70 Package
LTC3525L-3.3/ with Output Disconnect
LTC3525L-5
LTC3588-1 Piezoelectric Energy Generator with Integrated High VIN: 2.7V to 20V; VOUT(MIN): Fixed to 1.8V, 2.5V, 3.3V, 3.6V; IQ = 0.95µA;
Efficiency Buck Converter 3mm × 3mm DFN-10 and MSOP-10E Packages
LTC3632 45V, 20mA Synchronous MicroPower Buck Converter VIN: 4.5V to 45V, 60VMAX; VOUT(MIN): 0.8V to Adj, 3.3V Fixed, 5V Fixed;
IQ = 12µA; ISD < 1µA; 3mm × 3mm DFN-8 and MSOP-8E Packages
LTC3642 45V, 50mA Synchronous MicroPower Buck Converter VIN: 4.5V to 45V, 60VMAX; VOUT(MIN): 0.8V to Adj, 3.3V Fixed, 5V Fixed;
IQ = 12µA; ISD < 1µA; 3mm × 3mm DFN-8 and MSOP-8E Packages
LT8410/ LT8410-1 MicroPower 25mA/8mA Low Noise Boost Converter VIN: 2.6V to 16V; VOUT(MIN) = 40VMAX; IQ = 8.5µA; ISD < 1µA;
with Integrated Schottky Diode and Output Disconnect 2mm × 2mm DFN-8 Package
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