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Curs 1 - Celula
• Structura si functie
• Tipuri de celule
• Tehnici de microscopie
• Membrana celulara
• Citoplasma
– Organite celulare
– citoschelet
• Nucleul
http://training.seer.cancer.gov/module_anatomy/unit2_1_cell_functions_1.html
http://www.molecularstation.com/molecular-biology-images/504-cell-biology-pictures/17-cell-membrane-figure-plasma-membrane.html
Functii:
• Protectie mecanica
• Transport
– canale ionice
– proteine transportoare
– endo/exocitoza
• Semnalizare
– receptori membranari
• Raspuns imun
– antigene de membrana
• Organite celulare:
– Cu rol in sinteza proteinelor:
• Ribozomi
• Reticul endoplasmic
• Aparat Golgi
– Cu rol in energetica celulara:
• Mitocondrii
– Cu rol metabolic (digestia intracelulara):
• Lizozomi (contin enzime lizozomale)
• Vezicule de tranzit sau depozitare (endozomi)
• Ribozomii
– aglomerari de ARN
(ARN ribozomal)
– Izolati/atasati RE
• Reticulul endoplasmic
(RE)
– Neted/rugos
– Sistem de canale si
cisterne, comunica cu
AG
– Preia si distribuie
proteinele sintetizate
la nivelul ribozomilor
• Aparatul Golgi
– Sistem de cisterne si
vezicule
– Rol in depozitarea
proteinelor
• Mitocondriile
– Membrana dubla
– Membrana interna – pliata (criste mitocondriale)
– Rol energetic – lantul respirator celular
– Contin ADN – transmiterea unor caractere pe linie exclusiv
maternala
http://remf.dartmouth.edu/images/mammalianLungTEM/source/8.html
http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Sciences/Zoology/AnimalPhysiology/Anatomy/AnimalCellStr http://biologica.concord.org/webtest1/Shout3d_cell_6_1_00/v2_top_right_nucleus.htm
ucture/Nucleus/Nucleus.htm
• Celule conjunctive
– (cartilaje, oase, adipozitate)
• Celule musculare
– Fibre musculare netede
– Fibre musculare striate
– Fibre musculare de tip cardiac
• Celule nervoase
– Neuroni
• Celule sangvine
– Eritrocite
– Leucocite
– (trombocite)
DBB – Masterat Inginerie Medicala si Clinica Biologie Celulara si Histologie – 1. Celula
Tipuri de celule
Epitelii
• nespecializate
• piele
• mucoase http://mednote.co.kr/images/epithelia.jpg
• vase de sange
(interior)
• specializate
• intestin – microvili
(absorbtie)
• plamani – cili
• glande cu secretie
interna si externa
http://utpa.net/Epithelium/projections/
http://www.alzheimers.org/rmedia/IMAGES/HIGH/NEURONS_HIGH.JPG
http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/matthews
nivel tisular
• Trombocite
– Sunt, de fapt, fragmente
celulare
– Rol in tromboza, coagulare
http://www.abc.net.au/science/photos/whatis/answer4.htm
http://www.ellagicdirect.com/cancer-picure.jpg
http://64.202.120.86/upload/image/articles/2008/smart-bombing-cancer/cell-grow.jpg
• Culturi de celule
– Celulele sunt recoltate de la diferite organisme (ex: soareci de
laborator)
– Tesutul recoltat este prelucrat in vederea separarii celulelor
– Celulele sunt mentinute in medii de cultura adecvate
– Timp de viata limitat
• Microscopie optica
– Microscopie optica de transmisie
– Microscopie optica de baleiaj folosind lasere
• Microscopul confocal
• Microscopie in camp apropiat
• Microscopie electronica
– Microscopie electronica de transmisie
– Microscopie electronica de baleiaj
Oc
Ob
B
F1’ F2 A’ F2’
A” A F1
B’
B”
Puterea P = tgα2/AB
Oc
Ob
B
F1’ F2 A’ F2’
A” A F1
B’
B” λ- lungimea de unda a luminii folosite
e n – indicele de refractie al mediului dintre
obiectiv si preparat
u – unghiul de deschidere a ocularului (1/2)
– Ultramicroscopul
• Iluminare laterala a preparatelor; imagine de difuzie
– Microscopul cu fluorescenta
• Iluminare UV; preparatul – marcat specific (absorbtie in UV, emisie in
vizibil)
– Microscopul confocal
• Proba este iradiata cu o radiatie laser de o anumita lungime de unda
• Imaginile se obtin prin focalizare in planuri diferite ale preparatului
(se pot realiza reconstructii 3D)
• http://training.seer.cancer.gov/module_anatomy/unit2_1_cell_functions.html
• http://www.biology.iupui.edu/biocourses/N100H/cells.html
• http://kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca/cm1504/15ovrh2000.htm
• http://highered.mcgraw-
hill.com/sites/dl/free/0072437316/120060/ravenanimation.html
• http://www.nsf.gov/news/overviews/biology/interactive.jsp
• http://www.etsu.edu/cpah/hsci/forsman/Histologyofmuscleforweb.htm
• http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/matthews/