1. Figure P8.

31 shows a proposed foundation site, with 10 ft of sand overlying 15 ft of clay

with consolidation properties shown. The clay is normally consolidated. Assume 1-D
conditions.
a. Compute the initial σ ’v at the middle of the clay layer prior to excavation and
construction.
b. After excavation and during construction, the foundation area will be heavily loaded
with the structure and equipment so that σ’v at the middle of the clay layer will be
increased to 3900 psf. Determine the settlement that will occur under these conditions.
c. After construction is completed, the equipment will be removed and the final σ’v at
the middle of the clay layer will be 3200 psf.

Figure 8.31
2. As part of a construction project, a 7.5 m thick layer of clay is to be loaded with a temporary
3 m thick sand layer (refer to Fig. P8.32).The figure shows the water-table location, soil
unit weights, and the compression curve properties for the clay. Assume the sand layer
remains dry.
a. Calculate the value of σ’v in the middle of the clay layer (at 3.75 m below the water
table) before the sand layer is applied, and after consolidation is complete.
b. Based on your answer in part (a), and the compression curve characteristics, calculate
the settlement that will occur under these conditions.
c. How much will the clay layer heave when the 3 m sand layer is removed?

Figure 8.32
3. Figure P8.35 shows a proposed site where an excavation will be made. The 10 ft layer of
sand will be removed, so that the top of the 24 ft normally consolidated clay layer will be
exposed. Assume full capillarity in the clay only.
a. Assume that the water-table location remains the same during excavation. Compute
the σv, σ’v, and u values at the middle of the clay layer before and after the
excavation.
b. Assuming 1-D conditions, compute how much the clay layer will deform due to this
excavation, in inches. Specify whether this is settlement or heave.

Figure 8.35

Jawaban:
Nomor.1 :
a. Untuk menentukan total effective stress (σ’v ) pada bagian tengah lapisan clay
digunakan persamaan:
σ′𝑣 = ℎ𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∗ 𝛾𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑑 + 0.5 ∗ ℎ𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑦 ∗ (𝛾𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑦 − 𝛾𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 )
σ′𝑣 = (10 ft) ∗ (110 pcf ) + 0.5 ∗ (15 ft) ∗ (120pcf − 62.4 pcf ) = 1532 psf
b. Untuk kondisi normally consolidated digunakan persamaan:
′ ′
𝐻0 𝜎𝑣0 + ∆𝜎𝑣 𝜎𝑣0 + ∆𝜎𝑣
𝑆𝑐 = 𝐶𝑐 ∗ ∗ log ( ) = 𝐶𝑐𝐸 ∗ 𝐻 0 ∗ log ( )
1 + 𝑒0 𝜎𝑣′ 𝜎𝑣′
1
𝑑𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑎: 𝐶𝑐𝐸 = 𝐶𝑐 ∗
1 + 𝑒0
Dengan parameter yang diketahui dari soal:
 Tekanan overburden awal : σ′𝑣 = 1532 psf
 Penambahan tekanan : ∆𝜎𝑣 = 3900psf − 1532psf = 2368 psf
 Parameter Konsolidasi diketahui dari soal: 𝐶𝑐𝐸 = 0.165 & 𝐶𝑟𝐸 = 0.033
′ +∆𝜎
𝜎𝑣0 1532𝑝𝑠𝑓+2368𝑝𝑠𝑓
𝑣
𝑆𝑐 = 𝐶𝑐𝐸 ∗ 𝐻0 ∗ log ( ) = 0.165 ∗ 15𝑓𝑡 ∗ ( ) = 𝟏. 𝟎 𝐟𝐭
𝜎𝑣′ 1532 𝑝𝑠𝑓

c. Setelah penghilangan beban alat berat dijelaskan dalam soal bahwa tekanan
′ ′
overburden efektif 𝜎𝑣0 = 3200 𝑝𝑠𝑓 dari kondisi sebelumnya yaitu 𝜎𝑣0 + ∆𝜎𝑣 =
3900𝑝𝑠𝑓 , sehingga perhitungan menjadi:
 ′
𝜎𝑣0 + ∆𝜎𝑣 3900𝑝𝑠𝑓
𝑆𝑆𝑤𝑒𝑙𝑙 = 𝐶𝑟𝐸 ∗ 𝐻0 ∗ log ( ′ ) = 0.033 ∗ 15𝑓𝑡 ∗ log ( )
𝜎𝑣0 3200𝑝𝑠𝑓
= 0.0425 𝑓𝑡

Penurunan total 𝑆𝐶 𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝑆𝑐 − 𝑆𝑆𝑤𝑒𝑙𝑙 = 1𝑓𝑡 − 0.0425 𝑓𝑡 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟔 𝒇𝒕

Adapun tabel untuk grafik compression curve sebagai berikut:

Pembebanan Tegangan (psf) penurunan (ft) Strain (%)

Sebelum Konstruksi 1532 0 0%
Selama konstruksi 3900 1 7%
Setelah Konstruksi 3200 0.96 6%

Compression Curve
Tegangan (σv)
500 5000
0%
1%
2%
3%
Strain (%)

4%
5%
6%
7%
8%

Nomor 2:

a. Untuk menentukan total effective stress (σ’v ) pada bagian tengah lapisan clay
digunakan persamaan:
σ′𝑣 = 0.5 ∗ ℎ𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑦 ∗ (𝛾𝑐𝑙𝑎𝑦 − 𝛾𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 )
σ′𝑣 = 0.5 ∗ (7.5𝑚) ∗ (20.5 𝐾𝑁⁄𝑚3 − 9.81 𝐾𝑁⁄𝑚3 ) = 40.09 𝐾𝑁 ⁄𝑚2
b. Tentukan penambahan tegangan akibat timbunan pasir :
∆𝜎𝑣 = ℎ𝑝𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑟 ∗ 𝛾𝑝𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑟 = (3𝑚 ∗ 16 𝐾𝑁⁄𝑚3 ) = 48 𝐾𝑁⁄𝑚2
Tentukan kondisi tanah apakah over consolidated atau normally consolidated
berdasarkan OCR:
σ′𝑝 74 𝐾𝑃𝑎
𝑂𝐶𝑅 = σ′ = 40.09 𝐾𝑃𝑎 = 1.85 (OCR > 1, Over Consolidated)
𝑣0

Karena ∆𝜎𝑣 + σ′𝑣0 > σ′𝑝 , maka perhitungan total penurunan menggunakan
persamaan:
𝜎𝑝′ ′
𝜎𝑉0 + ∆𝜎𝑣
𝑆𝑐 = 𝐶𝑟𝐸 ∗ 𝐻0 ∗ log ( ′ ) + 𝐶𝑐𝐸 ∗ 𝐻0 ∗ log ( )
𝜎𝑉0 𝜎𝑝′
74 𝐾𝑃𝑎 40.09 𝐾𝑃𝑎+48 𝐾𝑃𝑎
𝑆𝑐 = 0.03 ∗ (7.5 𝑚) ∗ log (40.09 𝐾𝑃𝑎) + 0.18 ∗ (7.5𝑚) ∗ log ( )
74 𝐾𝑝𝑎
𝑆𝑐 = 0.162 𝑚 = 𝟏𝟔𝟐 𝒎𝒎
c. Saat beban timbunan pasir dipindahkan:
′
𝜎𝑣𝑓 40.09 𝐾𝑃𝑎 + 48.0 𝐾𝑃𝑎
𝑆𝑆𝑤𝑒𝑙𝑙 = 𝐶𝑟𝐸 ∗ 𝐻0 ∗ log ( ′ ) = 0.03 ∗ (7.5𝑚) ∗ ( )
𝜎𝑣0 40.09 𝐾𝑃𝑎
= 0.077 𝑚 = 77 𝑚𝑚

Nomor 3:
a. Sebelum Galian:
𝜎𝑣 = (10 𝑓𝑡) ∗ (110 𝑝𝑐𝑓) + (12 𝑓𝑡) ∗ (120 𝑝𝑐𝑓) = 2540 𝑝𝑠𝑓
𝑢 = (12 𝑓𝑡 − 3 𝑓𝑡 ) ∗ (62.4 𝑝𝑐𝑓) = 561.6 𝑝𝑠𝑓
𝜎′𝑣 = 2540 𝑝𝑠𝑓 − 561.6 𝑝𝑠𝑓 = 1978.4 𝑝𝑠𝑓
Sesudah Galian :
𝜎𝑣 = (12 𝑓𝑡) ∗ (120 𝑝𝑐𝑓) = 1440 𝑝𝑠𝑓
𝑢 = (12 𝑓𝑡 − 3 𝑓𝑡 ) ∗ (62.4 𝑝𝑐𝑓) = 561.6 𝑝𝑠𝑓
𝜎′𝑣 = 1440 𝑝𝑠𝑓 − 561.6 𝑝𝑠𝑓 = 878.4 𝑝𝑠𝑓
b. ∆𝜎 = 1978 .4 𝑝𝑠𝑓 − 878.4 𝑝𝑠𝑓 = 1100 𝑝𝑠𝑓. 𝜎𝑝′ = 𝜎𝑣′ = 1978 𝑝𝑠𝑓
𝜎′ 1978.4
𝑆𝑆𝑤𝑒𝑙𝑙 = 𝐶𝑆𝐸 ∗ 𝐻0 ∗ log (𝜎′𝑝 ) = (0.035) ∗ (24 𝑓𝑡) ∗ log( 878.4 ) = (24 ft)*(0.01234)
𝑣𝑓

𝑆𝑆𝑤𝑒𝑙𝑙 = 0.2963 𝑓𝑡 (Heave)

 TUGAS 5
PERILAKU TANAH
SI-5123

Oleh:

Antariksa Prianggara
NIM: 15018016

Dosen:
Endra Susila,ST., MT., Ph.D.

PROGRAM STUDI MAGISTER TEKNIK SIPIL GEOTEKNIK

FAKULTAS TEKNIK SIPIL DAN LINGKUNGAN
INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG
2018