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Saturn
Jupiter
Earth Neptune
Mercury
Planet Planets are big celestial bodies that orbit around the Sun.
Rotation
b) How long does it take to make this movement?
24
hours
c) What is the main effect that this movement causes?
As
the Earth spins, one part of the Earth receives
the
Sun’s rays and the other part is dark.
4 Indicate which season each image represents and on which month it begins.
Season: Spring
Month: March
Season: Winter
Month: December
Season: Summer
Month: June
Season: Autumn
Month: September
Full Moon
Waning Moon New Moon Waxing Moon
Saturn
Jupiter
Earth Neptune
Mercury
Mercury Jupiter
Venus Saturn
Earth Uranus
Mars Neptune
December Spring
March Autumn
June Winter
September Summer
1. Spring 2
2. Winter
3
3. Summer
4
4. Autumn
North Pole
The Equator
Time zones
South Pole
2 Mark if the following sentences are True (T) or False (F). Then, rewrite the false ones.
T A scaled representation of the Earth is called a map.
T As Earth spins, a part of it receives the Sun’s rays while the other part gets dark.
Sunrise
1.
Midday
2.
Afternoon
3.
Sunset
4.
Through geographical coordinates, we can locate any point on the Earth’s surface. To do
this, you just need to know where the parallel and meridian intersect, which will provide you
with the latitude and longitude in degrees.
North Pole
Prime Meridian
Equator
South Pole
Latitude, which ranges from 0° at the equator The longitude, which ranges from 0° to 180°
to 90° at the poles, measures how far north or at the equator, measures how far east or west
south a point lies from the equator. a point lies from the Prime Meridian
(Greenwich meridian).
1 Look at the map below. With the information provided, try to figure out which cities are represented
with the following coordinates.
Weather
It
is what the atmosphere is like in a place at a particular time.
Climate
It
is the typical weather of a region for a long period of time.
Global warming
The result of intensive farming, industry and the excessive use of fossil fuels
which are adding heat-trapping gases to the atmosphere.
3 Look at the climate graph below and answer the questions.
a. What is the highest temperature?
26 ºC in July.
January
c. H
ow many rainfall milliliters are registred during the
year? When does it rain the most?
4 Colour the climate map and its legend; and label it.
Oceanic Mountain
Coastal Mediterranean
Inland Mediterranean
Subtropical
5 Indicate whether these energy sources accelerate or slow down climate change.
Slow down
Accelerate
1 Look at the map and describe the weather in the following Autonomous Communities.
Galicia Rainy
Andalucía Sunny
cloudy
B. Climate depends on several factors: the latitude , distance from the sea and
the altitude
C. The Sun’s rays are stronger the closer they are to the equator .
D. The sea absorbs the Sun’s heat this is why temperatures are mild and
stable on the coast.
Polar zones
OCEAN OCEAN
ATLANTIC
OCEAN
30° N 30° N
Tropic of Cancer Tropic of Cancer
PACIFIC
OCEAN
Tropical zones
Equator
PACIFIC Equator
OCEAN
ATLANTIC INDIAN
OCEAN OCEAN
Tropic of Capricorn Tropic of Capricorn
30° S 30° S
Temperate zones
ATLANTIC
OCEAN
Tropical zone
Polar zone Temperate zone
Oceanic Mountain
Coastal Mediterranean
Inland Mediterranean
Subtropical
Mountain climate
Oceanic climate Subtropical climate
The weather is what the atmosphere is like in a place at a particular time. Meteorologists forecast the
weather for the next few days, taking into account different factors: temperature, air
pressure, the wind’s speed and direction and precipitation.
2 The following map shows us the population density of Spanish provinces. Look at it and answer the
questions.
Cantabrian Sea
F R A N C E
ANDORRA
N
O C E A
L
G A
nd s
Isla
ic
ar
T I C
T U
le
Ba
P O R
A T L A N
e a
S
a n
n e
r a
t e r
d i
Canary Islands M e
a. Write three provinces with high and very low / low population density.
Barcelona Soria
Murcia Huesca
Population density is higher on the coast, because there are many large Spanish cities, as well as major
tourist attractions.
34
Nombre:
Name: Fecha:
Date: Curso:
Class:
80
4
70
3
60
2
50
1 40
30
1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2012 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2012
a. What does the vertical axis indicate in the first graph? The number of births per woman.
b. What does the vertical axis record in the second graph? The years showing life expectancy at birth.
d. What was the number of births per woman in 1920? And in 2012? In 1920 there were 4.1 births per
woman, while in 2012 only 1.3.
e. What was the life expectancy at birth of Spanish women in 2012? 85 years.
2 Create a graph with data regarding how many people live at some of your classmates’ home. Follow the
steps.
a. On a piece of graph paper, draw a vertical axis and indicate the number of people (from 1 to 8).
b. D
raw the horizontal axis and
put your classmates’ initials.
You can choose your 8 closest Pupil’s own answer, according to guidelines
classmates.
provided to create a graph.
c. R
ecord the data for each
classmate using bars.
d. Colour the bars.
e. F
inally, indicate the average
number of family members.
34
Nombre:
Name: Fecha:
Date: Curso:
Class:
The population pyramid is a type of graph used to analyse the population of a place, normally a
country. Pyramids depict the age and sex distribution of a population. Men are conventionally
shown on the left, and women on the right. Population appears on the horizontal axis; and age is
shown in five-year age groups on the vertical axis. Depending on the demographic structure of a
country, the population pyramid develops one shape or another.
Años Years
85 o + 85 o +
80 - 84 80 - 84
75 - 79 75 - 79
70 - 74 70 - 74
65 - 69 65 - 69
60 - 64 60 - 64
55 - 59 55 - 59
50 - 54 50 - 54
45 - 49 45 - 49
40 - 44 40 - 44
35 - 39 35 - 39
30 - 34 30 - 34
25 - 29 25 - 29
20 - 24 20 - 24
15 - 19 15 - 19
10 - 14 10 - 14
5-9 5-9
0-4 0-4
600 400 200 0 0 200 400 600 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
miles de personas miles de personas Thousands of people Thousands of people
The pyramids with a broad base is characteristic The pyramids with a smaller base is
of less developed countries. Most of their characteristic of developed countries: there are
inhabitants are young, because many babies are few births. Besides, the upper part of the
born. The upper part is narrow, since the death pyramid broadens, because life expectancy has
rate is high. increased.
6 5 4 3 2 1 0 % 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
d. A
dd up the percentages of bars above 65 years and
Source: INE indicate the percentage corresponding to elderly
population for both genres.
wages households
b. Households are the main consumers: they buy goods and services and earn
wages .
c. The State creates laws that regulate business and household consumption.
natural resources
It’s the physical and intellectual effort made by human beings to
goods and services
produce .
labour
It represents manufactured and accumulated goods in a
territory.
technological capital.
capital
1 Look at the drawing below. Fill in the gaps with the corresponding activity of the primary sector.
Sea fishing
Livestock farming
Rain-fed agriculture
Irrigated agriculture
Inland fishing
Suggested answer: The primary sector corresponds to activities that make a direct use of natural
resources.
Crop farmer
1.
4. Miner
Silviculturalist
5.
6. Gatherer
1 Look at the drawings below. Fill in the gaps with the corresponding economic sector for each activity.
Primary sector
Secondary sector
Tertiary sector
2 Complete the steps required to obtain a product starting with the first picture. Then, draw each activity
and write the sector it belongs to.
PRIMARY SECTOR
SECONDARY
SECTOR
TERTIARY
SECTOR
1 Name a few examples you can find in your autonomous community for the following types of commerce.
Waiter
1. 6. Designer
Shopkeeper
2. Dentist
7.
Judge
3. 8. Taxi driver
4. Doctor
Secretary
9.
Teacher
5. Lawyer
10.
3 Imagine you are a farmer and you want to make wine and sell it to the markets in the main cities of the
region. To which sector would each of these actions correspond?
VALUE INDICATOR Setting aside money in your piggy bank to buy something in the future.
2 Determine whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F) and correct the false ones.
b. Interest is the amount of money we pay the bank to keep our money there. F
b. Interest is the amount of money we receive as a result of depositing our money in the bank.
It would be complex to set a value of exchange for goods or services which are very different..
Finance
Production
Marketing
R+D
Because it’s the department in charge of innovating and developing products that are attractive for the
market.
The main aim is to promote a product and engage consumers by developing the desire to buy it.
1 Define, in your own words, supply and demand, and how they can affect the price of goods and services.
Supply is the quantity of goods or services offered by producers in the market, whereas demand
refers to the number of consumers who want to buy at a certain price. If the demand is very high and
2 Look at the table below, showing the price increase in some products from the year 2000 to date.
Bread. 100%
1 Imagine you are the owner of a restaurant. Customers provide you with a monthly income of 12,000
euros. The restaurant is not yours, and you have to pay 1,500 euros in rent. In addition, every month
you have to pay the wages for three of your employees (1,200€/each): one waiter and two cooks. You
have decided to draw up a budget for a better management of your business.
A) What fixed expenses does the restaurant have?
Rental expenses: 1,500 euros; plus the wages for
restaurant owner, they would include things such as utility bills, the cost of ingredients, etc.
C) What other kind of expenses may you incur? How could you face them?
An electrical household appliance may break down. The wisest way to face it would be to set aside
The pupil should calculate the profit taking into account variable expenses.
E) If you wanted to earn interest from the money you have saved, what could you do?
You could open a savings account in the bank; in exchange, banks pay you interest on the money
476: End of the Roman Empire 711: Muslim invasion 1492: Discovery of America
A knighting ceremony.
3 Put in order, from the oldest to the most recent, the stages in the history of al-Andalus.
Muslim invasion
1.
Emirate
2.
Caliphate
3.
Taifa kingdoms
4.
4 Look at these three photos and indicate which one is an Andalusí building, which one is Romanesque
and which one is Gothic.
Romanesque
A. Andalusí
B. C. Gothic
Mudejar Muslims Mudejar Muslims were Muslims who stayed in Christian territories but kept their religion.
Jews They also kept their religion and mainly lived in Jewish quarters.
Mozarabs They were Christians living in Muslim territories who kept their religion.
7 Look at the picture and label the different parts of a Muslim city.
Wall Alcazar
Souk
Mosque
1 Complete the maps of the expansion of the Christian kingdoms, indicating the century to which they
correspond.
A) Some of the Visigoths who escaped from the Muslims founded the kingdom of Asturias .
B) The county of Castilla became independent in the 9th century, and joined the kingdom of
León .
C) The county of Barcelona was part of the Frankish territory called León
D) In the 12th century, the kingdom of Spanish March and the Catalonian counties joined and
formed the Crown of Aragón.
1 To which social group would you relate the following pictures? Do they belong to the privileged or
non-privileged group?
PRIVILEGED
Nobility
NON-PRIVILEGED
PRIVILEGED
Peasant
NON-PRIVILEGED
PRIVILEGED
Clergy
NON-PRIVILEGED
Feudal fief.
b. Who was the owner? Where did he live?
Peasants.
1 Indicate whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). If false, correct them.
F The Muslim empire started in Arabia in the 7th century and later extended through Europe.
It later extended through the North of Africa, the Iberian Peninsula and Middle East.
T Al-Andalus is the territory in the Iberian Peninsula that was occupied by the Muslims.
F In the year 711, the Christians defeated the Muslims in the battle of Guadalete.
In the year 711, the Muslims defeated the Christians in the battle of Guadalete.
F The Visigoth Kingdom had its capital in Valladolid.
The Germanic tribes that lived in the Iberian Peninsula in the 5th century were the Vandals,
Alans and Suebi.
T The Kingdom of Asturias was the first Christian Kingdom in the peninsula.
SOUK ALCAZAR
During the Middle Ages, several styles of art emerged in the Iberian Peninsula. Some were the result
of the evolution of previous styles; others arose due to the mixture of different influences.
1 After reading the characteristics of the different Spanish medieval styles of art, relate each building to a
particular style and indicate three features that allow you to identify them.
VISIGOTHIC ART
Churches were small and
were decorated with
geometric or vegetal
patterns.
ROMANESQUE ART
Churches had thick walls
and small windows. Walls
were decorated with
coloured paintings and
sculptures.
GOTHIC ART
Alhambra of Granada, 14th century Burgos cathedral, 13th Century
Large cathedrals with big
Style: Andalusí
Art windows decorated with Style: Gothic
Art
stained glass.
Features: Horseshoe arch. Features: Large cathedral.
and
profusely decorated. Decorated
with stained glass.
1 Complete the following Modern Age timeline with dates and events.
1556
: Felipe II started his reign 1701: Spanish War of Succession
1492:The discovery of America 1621:Felipe III started his reign 1789 : The French Revolution
In 1492.
SOUTH d. W
hy did Christopher Columbus called the
inhabitants of the New World ‘Indians’?
AMERICA
Because Colombus thought that he had arrived
in India, and not in a New World.
3 Put in order, from the oldest to the most recent, the kings/queens and say when they reigned.
Isabel I
1. 15th
CENTURY
Felipe II
2. 16th
CENTURY
Carlos II
3. 17th
CENTURY
Carlos III
4. 18th
CENTURY
4 Look at the pictures and label the following kings as Felipe II, Felipe V or Carlos I.
Renaissance
It recovered the cultural values from the Ancient Greeks and Romans.
a. In the 16th century the invention of the printing press allowed for the spreading ideas of the
humanists .
bourgeoisie .
ships
d. Thanks to the construction of bigger they were able to discover new
trading routes .
3 Indicate whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).
a. Isabel I of Castilla and Fernando II of Aragón were known as the Catholic Monarchs. T
d. Isabel and Fernando made their children marry other European monarchs. T
1 Find in the wordsearch the territories that were under the Catholic Monarchs’ control.
B w e f g z a A S o
a U u i n a C M A a
l v r o z a A E R r
l z g v o T R D a
i m y a U m H I I g
t g r i m N c C N o
s r m y b z D a I n
a u s t r i a Y A v
c g l a e z e v e o
2 Explain in your own words Carlos I of Spain’s ancestry, going back two generations, and say what
territories he inherited from each side.
His parents were Juana I of Castilla and Felipe I of Castilla. His grandparents on his mother’s side were
Isabel I and Fernando II. His paternal grandparents were Maximilian I of Habsburg and Mary of Burgundy.
From his mother’s side, he inherited the Crowns of Castilla and Aragón and the overseas territories.
From his father’s side, Carlos I inherited territories in central Europe and the Holy Roman Empire.
After the discovery of America, the Crown of Castilla started to conquer the American territory.
While the islands and the coast of the Caribbean Sea were populated by many disorganised groups, in
Central America and South America there were several highly civilised and organised groups that
resisted the conquest.
In Cuzco.
W E
g. Find out what they named this territory.
S Perú.
2 Search for some information about Hernán Cortés or Francisco Pizarro and elaborate a brief biography
about one of them.
Students should write about some basic information like the date of birth and death, military jobs and
During the Modern Age there were three art styles: Renaissance (end of the 15th century - 16th
century), Baroque (17th century - part of the 18th century) and Neoclassic (2nd half of the 18th
century - beginning of the 19th century).
1 Read the characteristics of the following styles and complete with the correct information.
Museo del Prado, by Juan de Basílica de San Lorenzo, by Fontana di Trevi, by Nicola Salvi;
Villanueva; Madrid, 18th—19th Filippo Brunelleschi; Florence, Rome, first half of the 18th
century. 15th century. century.
Neoclassic
Style: Style: Renaissance Style: Baroque
semicircular
arches and columns.