Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
• and
Cohesive sloping backfill – Active State
• smooth wall
Cohesive sloping backfill – Passive State
• Smooth wall
Modified Rankine theory for c-φ soil
• If the soil is having both cohesion and friction
(c/≠0 and ɸ/ ≠0), Rankine method was
modified by Mazindrani and Ganjali (1997).
• For active pressure:
Modified Rankine theory for c-φ soil
• For passive pressure:
• Where
Modified Rankine theory for c-φ soil
Modified Rankine theory for c-φ soil
Coulomb theory
• One of the earliest method developed to
estimate the lateral earth pressure is by C. A.
Coulomb (1776)
• Soil is isotropic and homogeneous and has
both internal friction and cohesion.
• The rupture surface is a plane surface (as BC
of Figure shown) and the backfill surface is
planar (it may slope but is not irregularly
shaped).
Coulomb theory
• The friction resistance is distributed uniformly along
the rupture surface and the soil-to-soil friction angle is
ɸ.
• The failure wedge is a rigid body undergoing
translation.
• There is wall friction, i.e., as the failure wedge moves
with respect to the back face of the wall a friction force
develops between soil and wall. This friction angle is
usually termed δ.
• Failure is a plane strain problem—that is, consider a
unit interior slice from an infinitely long wall.
Coulomb theory – Active pressure
• Forces acting on the failure wedge are as
shown below:
• Considering the force angle and the sine rule,
it can be shown that:
• And
As all the other quantities are constant,
differentiating with respect to the inclination
of the assumed failure plane gives the
maximum active force as:
• This expression can be written as:
• Where
Coulomb Active pressure coefficients
Coulomb Active pressure coefficients
Coulomb theory – Passive pressure
• Forces acting on the failure wedge in passive
failure are as given below:
• Similar to the active case, it can be shown
that:
• And
• As all the other quantities are constant,
differentiating with respect to the inclination
of the assumed failure plane gives the
maximum passive force as:
• This expression can be written as:
• Where
Coulomb Passive pressure coefficients
Coulomb Passive pressure coefficients
Line of action of the resultant force
Culmann's graphical methods
• An expedient method for creating a graphic
solution Coulomb's earth pressure theory was
given by Culmann
Culmann's graphical methods - Active