Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
de
Petróleo
1. INTRODUÇÃO:
1
2. OBJETIVOS DO REFINO:
2
3. DERIVADOS:
3
Normalmente, os derivados Combustíveis são
classificados em Leves, Médios ou Pesados, conforme o
comprimento, a complexidade das cadeias carbônicas
existentes nas suas moléculas:
4
Principais Derivados de Petróleo e seus Usos:
5
Esquema de Refino e Tipos de Processos
6
4. TIPOS DE PROCESSOS:
7
4.2 PROCESSOS DE CONVERSÃO:
8
4.3 PROCESSOS DE TRATAMENTO:
9
5.DESTILAÇÃO:
5.DESTILAÇÃO:
10
11
5.DESTILAÇÃO:
12
5.1 Destilação Atmosférica
GLP
frio
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··· · Gasolina - 40oC a 205oC
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Torre de Querosene - 180oC a 290oC
Destilação
Óleo Cru Diesel, Óleo Combustível - 180oC
Atmosférica
≈ 400oC ················
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a 370oC
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················· Gasóleo Pesado - 370oC a 400oC
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················ Óleo Residual Atmosférico - 370oC
quente +
≈50% de Óleo Cru)
(≈
Coluna , 1.5m diâmetro x 30m altura
Pratos perfurados permitem que o óleo quente suba ao longo da coluna
13
5.2 Destilação à Vácuo
14
15
16
17
17.
CO/CO2 GLP/Gasolina
R
e
g Top Pumparound
e ‘
Ar Quente n R
Destilação
Torre de
(595OC) e e
r a Mid Pumparound
para t
a
queima do d o
carbono o r Óleo Combustível
r
Catalisador gasto “Óleo Sujo”
Gasóleo misturado com
Pesado Catalisador regenerado
óleo combustível
(quente)
residual contendo
Catalisador de Alumínio-Silício ≈ 50 microns Al/Si
Calor gerado (510oC) pela queima do carbono
As partículas quentes de catalisador aquecem o óleo no reator.
As partículas de catalisador caem com o aumento do seu peso.
18
18.
18.2 Viscorredução
GLP
Destilação
Nafta
Torre de
Reator
Resíduo Flash
de Vácuo ≈ 540oC Óleo
Forno
Combustível
10 bar
19
Curva de Destilação
oF (oC)
1200 (649)
FCC e
1100 (593) Viscorredução
1000 (538)
Óleo
700 (371)
370 0C Residual
600 (316)
.290 0C
Lubrificantes
“Restos da
Refinaria”
500 (260)
400 (204)
.
235 0C
Diesel
300 (149)
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
%Volume de Óleo Cru Destilado
45
Destilados
GLP 32 37 38 38 40
Destilados 33 38 41 42 35 GLP
Óleo Residual 35 25 21 20 30
25
Óleo Residual
20
20