Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Choose a topic that interests you and will hold your attention. If you do, the research will be more enjoyable!
Topic Ideas
Can’t think of a topic to research?
Have you been assigned a topic or can you pick your own?
How many pages/words do you need to write? How long is your presentation?
Do you need to include specific types of sources (e.g. scholarly journal, book, etc.)?
When is the assignment due? How much time do you have to research?
Is currency of information important?
Your research may start as a general idea or a specific question, statement or thesis.
Know what you want to focus on before you begin.
You need the right tool for the job. Using our research guides can help you find these
answers.
Ask yourself:
o What types of materials do I need?
o How recent should my materials be?
o How long do I have to do my research?
o What subjects are covered by my topic?
Use the library’s resources to find journal articles, eBooks and videos.
Use our library catalog to find books or DVDs.
If you are using websites, make sure they are quality resources – not just the first result!
Never fear, we are here to help you with your research questions!
Stop by, call: 827-2434 or email: libraryhelp@trocaire.edu.
Give yourself enough time to conduct your research, so you can understand your topic
enough to write effectively on it.
Keep track of your research so you don’t have to scramble to find it later.
o Use our research log or graphic organizer to help you stay on track.
Step 10 – Write and Review Your Paper
Make sure your paper is formatted correctly – APA, MLA or another style an instructor
requires.
Check to make sure all of your sources have been cited and your research is properly listed
at the end of your paper.
Your research may start as a general idea or a specific question, statement or thesis.
Know what you want to focus on before you begin.
You need the right tool for the job. Using our research guides can help you find these
answers.
Ask yourself:
o What types of materials do I need?
o How recent should my materials be?
o How long do I have to do my research?
o What subjects are covered by my topic?
Use the library’s resources to find journal articles, eBooks and videos.
Use our library catalog to find books or DVDs.
If you are using websites, make sure they are quality resources – not just the first result!
Never fear, we are here to help you with your research questions!
Stop by, call: 827-2434 or email: libraryhelp@trocaire.edu.
Give yourself enough time to conduct your research, so you can understand your topic
enough to write effectively on it.
Keep track of your research so you don’t have to scramble to find it later.
o Use our research log or graphic organizer to help you stay on track.
Make sure your paper is formatted correctly – APA, MLA or another style an instructor
requires.
Check to make sure all of your sources have been cited and your research is properly listed
at the end of your paper.
Formatting
StyleMLA
8th
Guide &
-
https://www.smore.com/qswvy-writing-a-research-paper
“To some New York is just a city, to a New Yorker it is paradise on Earth” (Collins 11).
“The freedom to do what you love does not happen for many people” (Edwards, Tabb, and
Mix 72).
**For citations with 4 or more authors, use et al. after the first author.
***************************************************************************
Collins states that New York is a paradise for those living there (11).
Edwards, Tabb and Mix believed that the freedom to do what you love is not common for
most people (72).
**For citations with 4 or more authors, use et al. after the first author.
“Direct quote from author” (author, "Web Page Title"). If no author is available, end with
(“Web Page Title”).
“Some may say that all suburbs are the same. That person would be a liar” (Avery, “It’s Not
Just a Subdivision”).
“Change is something that happens whether we wish it to or not” (James, Alexander, &
Taylor, “Change Agents and Daydreams”).
**For citations with 4 or more authors, use et al. after the first author.
“Always check your citations and your sources before accepting something as fact” (Ortiz et
al, “Know Your Truths”).
****************************************************************************
If paraphrasing with the author’s name, end with (“Web Page Title”).
Avery states that people who believe all suburbs are the same are liars (“It’s Not Just a
Subdivision”).
James, Alexander, & Taylor believed changes happen regardless of what we wish (“Change
Agents and Daydreams”).
**For citations with 4 or more authors, use et al. after the first author.
Ortiz et al. preached fact checking through sources and citations (“Know Your Truths”).
Videos
“Pigeons are founders of the green movement. They are the original locavores and
recyclers” (“Pigeons” 00:03:15-19).
***************************************************************************
Pigeons are among the first locavores and recyclers in the green movement (“Pigeons”
00:03:15-04:12).
Works Cited Page
Works Cited is placed on the top of the page and centered.
Like the rest of your paper this is double spaced.
The header with your last name and page number also appears on this page.
The new MLA 8th edition has removed the requirement for format in citations.
The new MLA 8th edition now has the date information was accessed online as optional.
The new MLA 8th edition requires all online materials include a complete URL. This
includes journal articles found in library databases. http or https is not included in the
citation.
List all of your citations alphabetically.
The second and subsequent lines of each citation are indented (hanging indent).
Titles of journals, books and websites are italicized and each word is capitalized except for
articles (the, an, and).
Titles of web pages or articles are placed in quotations. Same rules for capitalization as
above.
See Purdue OWL’s MLA Guide for additional works cited citation information.
Works Cited: Core Elements
MLA citation format for the 8th edition is now based on core elements comprising basic
information normally found in a work. This is the order of the nine (9) core elements, but not
all may be used to complete a given citation.
Date of access is optional for citations of online resources (database articles, websites,
videos). Check with your instructor to see what is required.
Please consult the MLA Handbook, 8th edition or Purdue OWL’s MLA section for more
information regarding changes for citations.
Books:
Author’s Last Name, Author’s First Name. Title with Proper Capitals. Publishing Company,
Year.
MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. 8th ed., Modern Language Association of
America, 2009.
Author’s Last Name, Author’s First Name. Title with Proper Capitals. Publishing Company,
Year. Database (if applicable). Complete URL without http. Date of access (optional).
Drake, Richard, et al. Gray's Anatomy for Students. 3rd ed., Churchill Livingstone,
2015. EBSCOhost.
ezproxy.trocaire.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db
=nlebk&AN=1160429&site=ehost-live. Accessed 31 Aug. 2016.
Journal Article, Magazine, Newspaper (database/online):
Author’s Last Name, Author’s First Name. “Title of Article with Proper Capitals.” Journal
Title, volume, issue, Date, pages (if available). Database (if applicable). Complete URL
without http. Date of access (optional).
Lund, James R. "Best Practices from a Library Cat." The Bottom Line, vol. 24, no. 1, 2011,
pp. 49-50. ProQuest.
ezproxy.trocaire.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/868912395?accou
ntid=25948. Accessed 28 Sept. 2016.
Heuberger, Roschelle, and Joseph Wakshlag. "Characteristics of Aging Pets and their
Owners: Dogs v. Cats." The British Journal of Nutrition, vol. 106, 2011, pp. 150-
153. ProQuest.
ezproxy.trocaire.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/899267592?accou
ntid=25948. Accessed 28 Sept. 2016.
Salmon, Jo, et al. "Dog Ownership, Dog Walking, and Children's and Parents' Physical
Activity." Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, vol. 81, no. 3, 2010, pp. 264-
71. ProQuest. ezproxy.trocaire.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/751
606452?accountid=25948. Accessed 29 Aug. 2016.
Journal Article, Magazine, Newspaper (print):
Author’s Last Name, Author’s First Name. “Title of Article with Proper Capitals.” Journal
Title, volume, issue, Date, pages.
Lund, James R. "Best Practices from a Library Cat." The Bottom Line, vol. 24, no.1, 2011,
pp. 49-50.
Heuberger, Roschelle, and Joseph Wakshlag. "Characteristics of Aging Pets and their
Owners: Dogs v. Cats." The British Journal of Nutrition, vol. 106, 2011, pp. 150-153.
Salmon, Jo, et al. "Dog Ownership, Dog Walking, and Children's and Parents' Physical
Activity." Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, vol. 81, no. 3, 2010, pp. 264-71.
Webpages (section of a website or blog):
Last Name, First Name (if available). “Title of Webpage.” Title of Website. Publisher of
Website (if different than website title), Date created or last updated. Complete URL without
http. Date of access (optional).
Dvorsky, George. “We Finally Know Why Birds Are So Freakishly Smart.” Gizmodo. Gawker
Media, 13 Jun. 2016. gizmodo.com/we-finally-know-why-birds-are-so-freakishly-smart-
1781889157. Accessed 18 Oct. 2016.
Streaming Video (library video database, YouTube or NetFlix):
Author’s Last Name, Author’s First Name. “Title of Video with Proper Capitals.” Title of
Database, Website or Service. Publisher of Content, Date created. Secondary Content
Provider (if applicable), Complete URL without http. Date of access (optional).
“The Circulation System.” Films on Demand. Films for the Humanities & Sciences, 2009.
ezproxy.trocaire.edu:2048/login?url=http://fod.infobase.com/PortalPlaylists.aspx?wID=2403
75&xtid=39509. Accessed 23 Feb. 2016.
“Silence in the Library.” Doctor Who, season 4, episode 9, BBC, 31 May 2008. Amazon
Prime Video, www.amazon.com/dp/B01AYO8JWW?autoplay=1&t=1.
DVDs, Television or Movies:
**Note: Film or Television is used in place of DVD only if what is being cited is currently
playing in theaters or on television. Dir. is the director of the film or episode. Perf. is the
main stars of the film or show.
Blue Valentine. Directed by Derek Cianfrance, performance by Ryan Gosling and Michelle
Williams, Weinstein Company, 2010.
PowerPoint, Presentation or Lecture Notes (online):
Author’s Last Name, Author's First Name. "Title of PowerPoint." Title of Website.
Institution/organization affiliated with the site (if different) , Date Created (if available).
Complete URL without http if accessed online. Date of access (optional).
King, David. "Tech Trends for Libraries in 2016." SlideShare. LinkedIn, 30 Oct.
2015. www.slideshare.net/davidleeking/tech-trends-for-libraries-in-2016.
Wikipedia and Other Wikis:
“Title of Article with Proper Capitals.” Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. Wikimedia
Foundation, Inc., Date of last update. Complete URL without http. Date of access (optional).
“Doctor Who.” Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., 8 Jun. 2016.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctor_Who.
**Note: Wikis, such as Wikipedia, are constantly changing due to their ability to be edited by
anyone in the public.
Information may not be correct and may be added or removed from the site without
advanced notice.
Use the View History tab near the top of the page to see the when the entry was updated.
Formatting
StyleAPA
6th
Guide &
-
Trocaire College Libraries
“Direct quote from author(s)” (author, year, page number or n/a if none exists).
***************************************************************************
“Direct quote from author” (author, date webpage (or website) created/updated)
“Some may say that all suburbs are the same. That person would be a liar” (Avery, 2010).
“Change is something that happens whether we wish it to or not” (James, Alexander, &
Taylor, 2013).
“Always check your citations and your sources before accepting something as fact” (Ortiz et
al., 2015).
If paraphrasing with known author follow with (date webpage (or website), created/updated)
Avery (2010) states that people who believe all suburbs are the same are liars.
James, Alexander, and Taylor (2013) believed changes happen regardless of what we wish.
Ortiz et al. (2015) preached fact checking through sources and citations.
If paraphrasing and no author is found for the webpage, end with ("webpage title", date
created/updated)
People who believe all suburbs are the same are liars (“It’s not just a subdivision”, 2010).
If paraphrasing and no author is found for the website, end with (website, date)
Pigeons are thought to be among the first locavores and recyclers in the green movement
(NY life, 2012).
References Page
References is placed on the top of the page and centered.
Like the rest of your paper this is double spaced.
The Running head also appears on this page.
List all of your citations alphabetically. If there are several by the same author, list them
chronologically from the oldest title to the most recent title.
The second and subsequent lines of each citation are indented (hanging indent).
Hanging indent: When done with all the references, highlight the text and click: CRTL+T.
All authors, up to 7, must be listed in your citation.
Authors are listed by Last name, Initials. (if listed).
Do not use abbreviations, write out the full titles of materials used.
For books, capitalize the first word in the title. Capitalize proper nouns. The title is in italics.
For periodical titles (journals, magazines, newspapers and newsletters) use the title as it
appears, with capitalization and lowercase. The title is in italics.
For articles capitalize only the first word of the title.
URLs for websites and journal articles accessed online must be listed.
See Purdue OWL’s APA Guide for additional reference citation information.
Books:
Author’s Last Name, Initials. (Year). Title. City of Publication, State Abbreviation: Publishing
company.
**For publishers outside of the United States use city of publication followed by the country.
** Up to 7 authors must be listed. If 8 or more authors, list the first 6 followed by 3 ellipsis
pints (...) then the final author.
Atwood, M. (1998). The handmaid’s tale. New York, NY: Anchor Books.
Posamentier, A.S. & Thaller, B. (2015). Numbers. Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books.
Deery, R., Denny, E., & Letherby, G. (2015). Sociology for midwives. Cambridge, United
Kingdom: Polity Press.
eBooks:
Author’s Last Name, Initials. (Year). Title. Retrieved from complete URL of eBooks site
** Up to 7 authors must be listed. If 8 or more authors, list the first 6 followed by 3 ellipsis
pints (...) then the final author.
Author’s Last Name, Initials. (Year). Title of article in database. Journal Title, Volume(Issue
if available). Retrieved from complete URL of database
** Up to 7 authors must be listed. If 8 or more authors, list the first 6 followed by 3 ellipsis
pints (...) then the final author.
Lund, J.R. (2011). Best practices from a library cat. The Bottom Line, 24(1). Retrieved
from http://ezproxy.trocaire.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/868912
395?accountid=25948
Salmon, J., Timperio, A., Chu, B., & Veitch, J. (2010). Dog ownership, dog walking, and
children's and parents' physical activity. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 81(3),
264-271. Retrieved
from http://ezproxy.trocaire.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.proquest.com/docview/751606
452?accountid=25948.
Journal Article, Magazine, Newspaper (print):
Author’s Last Name, Initials. (Year). Title of journal article. Journal Title, Volume(Issue),
pages. doi (if assigned to the article).
** Up to 7 authors must be listed. If 8 or more authors, list the first 6 followed by 3 ellipsis
pints (...) then the final author.
Lund, J. R. (2011). Best practices from a library cat. The Bottom Line, 24(1), 49-50.
doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/08880451111142060
Salmon, J., Timperio, A., Chu, B., & Veitch, J. (2010). Dog ownership, dog walking, and
children's and parents' physical activity. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 81(3),
264-271.
Webpages (section of a website) or whole website:
(follow the 1-2 author rule, 3-5 author rule and 6 or more author rule as stated above)
Website
Author’s Last Name, Initials. (year, month day). Title of website. Retrieved from complete
URL of website
http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chickenpox/symptoms-causes/syc-20351282
Webpage
Title of page within website. (year, month day). Title of website. Retrieved from complete
URL of website with webpage you are using
Ebola Vaccines. (2016, February, 26). NIAID. Retrieved
from https://www.niaid.nih.gov/diseases-conditions/ebola-vaccines
Streaming Video (library video database, Internet or NetFlix):
Producer's Last Name, Initials. (Producer), & Director's Last Name, Initials. (Director).
(Year). Title of video [Medium of publication- Video file, Motion picture, Educational film].
Country of origin: Production Studio. Retrieved from complete URL of website with webpage
you are using
Shenson, W. (Producer) & Lester, R. (Director). (1964). A Hard Day's Night [Video file].
United Kingdom: United Artists. Retrieved from http://kanopystreaming.com
YouTube:
Author’s Last Name, Initials. [screen name, if known]. (Year, month day). Title of
video [Video File]. Retrieved from complete URL of the specific video
Project Information Literacy. [Project InfoLit]. (2013, November 13). The Freshman
Studies[Video File]. Retrieved from https://youtu.be/BWNGZUa952A
DVD or Blu-ray:
Executive Producer’s Last Name, Initials. (Producer), & Director’s Last Name, Initials.
(Director). (Year of release). Title of movie [DVD]. Country of origin: Production Studio.
Dey, D. (Producer), & Cianfrance, D. (Director). (2010). Blue valentine [DVD]. United
States: Weinstein Company.
Injoy Videos (Producer). (2008). Positions for labor [DVD]. United States: Injoy Videos.
PowerPoint or Lecture Notes online:
Oakleaf, M.J. (2012, June). A multi-institution study of rubric assessment: lessons lived &
learned [PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved from http://meganoakleaf.info/railsaalhe2012.pdf
Malone, E. & Young, J. (2014, April 2). The UX of sales [SlideShare presentation].
Retrieved from http://www.slideshare.net/emalone/ux-of-sales-ia-summit-2014
Wikipedia and Other Wikis:
**Please note that wikis, such as Wikipedia, are constantly changing due to their ability to
be edited by anyone in the public. Information may not be correct and may be added or
removed from the site without advanced notice. This is why (n.d.) is used; as there is no
date to verify the information contained within the site.
The Seven Steps of the Research
Process
The Seven Steps of the Research Process
The following seven steps outline a simple and effective strategy for finding information
for a research paper and do***enting the sources you find. Depending on your topic and
your familiarity with the library, you may need to rearrange or recycle these steps. Adapt
this outline to your needs. We are ready to help you at every step in your research.
SUMMARY: State your topic as a question. For example, if you are interested in finding
out about use of alcoholic beverages by college students, you might pose the question,
"What effect does use of alcoholic beverages have on the health of college students?"
Identify the main concepts or keywords in your question.
SUMMARY: Use guided keyword searching to find materials by topic or subject. Print or
write down the citation (author, title,etc.) and the location information (call number and
library). Note the circulation status. When you pull the book from the shelf, scan the
bibliography for additional sources. Watch for book-length bibliographies and annual
reviews on your subject; they list citations to hundreds of books and articles in one
subject area. Check the standard subject subheading "--BIBLIOGRAPHIES," or titles
beginning with Annual Review of... in the Cornell Library Classic Catalog.
SUMMARY: Use periodical indexes and abstracts to find citations to articles. The
indexes and abstracts may be in print or computer-based formats or both. Choose the
indexes and format best suited to your particular topic; ask at the reference desk if you
need help figuring out which index and format will be best. You can find periodical
articles by the article author, title, or keyword by using the periodical indexes in
the Library home page. If the full text is not linked in the index you are using, write down
the citation from the index and search for the title of the periodical in the Cornell Library
Classic Catalog. The catalog lists the print, microform, and electronic versions of
periodicals at Cornell.
You can also check to see if there is a research guide (a subject guide or a course
guide) created by librarians specifically for your topic or your class that links to
recommended resources.
If you have found too many or too few sources, you may need to narrow or broaden
your topic. Check with a reference librarian or your instructor.
When you're ready to write, here is an annotated list of books to help you organize,
format, and write your paper.
Citing or do***enting the sources used in your research serves two purposes, it gives
proper credit to the authors of the materials used, and it allows those who are reading
your work to duplicate your research and locate the sources that you have listed as
references.
Available online:
RefWorks is a web-based program that allows you to easily collect, manage, and
organize bibliographic references by interfacing with databases. RefWorks also
interfaces directly with Word, making it easy to import references and incorporate them
into your writing, properly formatted according to the style of your choice.
Format the citations in your bibliography using examples from the following Library help
pages: Modern Language Association (MLA) examples and American
Psychological Association (APA) examples.
MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. 7th ed. New York: MLA,
2009.
(Olin Reference LB 2369 .G53 2009 [shelved at the reference desk]; also
Uris Reference, others)
This handbook is based on the MLA Style Manual (Olin and Uris Ref PN 147
.G444x 1998) and is intended as an aid for college students writing research
papers. Included here is information on selecting a topic, researching the topic,
note taking, the writing of footnotes and bibliographies, as well as sample pages
of a research paper. Useful for the beginning researcher.
Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. 6th ed.
Washington: APA, 2010. (Olin Reference BF 76.7 .P83 2010 [shelved at the
reference desk]; also Uris Reference, Mann Reference, others)
The authoritative style manual for anyone writing in the field of psychology.
Useful for the social sciences generally. Chapters discuss the content and
organization of a manuscript, writing style, the American Psychological
Association citation style, and typing, mailing and proofreading.
If you are writing an annotated bibliography, see How to Prepare an Annotated
Bibliography.
RESEARCH TIPS:
TRANSLATE YOUR TOPIC INTO THE SUBJECT LANGUAGE OF THE INDEXES AND
CATALOGS YOU USE.
Check your topic words against a thesaurus or subject heading list.
Need help clarifying your topic?
Need ideas about where to look next?
Want to be sure you're using a reference source effectively?
Approved
References
Qualitative research is a broad field of inquiry that uses unstructured data collections
methods, such as observations, interviews, surveys and do***ents, to find themes and
meanings to inform our understanding of the world.[1] Qualitative research tends to try to
cover the reasons for behaviors, attitudes and motivations, instead of just the details of
what, where and when. Qualitative research can be done across many disciplines, such
as social sciences, healthcare and businesses, and it is a common feature of nearly
every single workplace and educational environment.
Part1
Preparing Your Research
1.
1
Decide on a question you want to study. A good research question needs to be
clear, specific, and manageable. To do qualitative research, your question should
explore reasons for why people do things or believe in something.
The research questions is one of the most important pieces of your research design. It
determines what you want to learn or understand and also helps to focus the study,
since you can't investigate everything at once. Your research question will also
shape how you conduct your study since different questions require different methods of
inquiry.
Find the balance between a burning question and a researchable question. The former
is something you really want to know about and is often quite broad. The latter is one
that can be directly investigated using available research methods and tools.
You should start with a burning question and then narrow it down more to make it
manageable enough to be researched effectively. For example, "what is the meaning of
teachers' work to teachers" is too broad for a single research endeavor, but if that's
what you're interested you could narrow it by limiting the type of teacher or focusing on
one level of education. For example, "what is the meaning of teachers' work to second
career teachers?" or "what is the meaning of teachers' work to junior high teachers?"
2.
2
Do a literature review. A literature review is a process of studying what others have
written about your research question and particular topic. You read widely on the larger
field and examine studies that relate to your topic. You then draw up an analytical report
that synthesizes and integrates the existing research (rather than simply presents a
short summary of each study in chronological order. In other words, you are
"researching the research."
[2]
For example, if your research question focuses on how second career teachers attribute
meaning to their work, you would want to examine the literature on second career
teaching - what motivates people to turn to teaching as a second career? How many
teachers are in their second career? Where do most second career teachers work?
Doing this reading and review of existing literature and research will help you refine your
question and give you the base you need for your own research. It will also give you a
sense of the variables that might impact your research (e.g., age, gender, class, etc.)
and that you will need to take into consideration in your own study.
A literature review will also help you to determine whether you are really interested and
committed to the topic and research question and that there is a gap in the existing
research that you want to fill by conducting your own investigation.
3.
3
Evaluate whether qualitative research is the right fit for your research
question.Qualitative methods are useful when a question cannot be answered by a
simple 'yes' or no' hypothesis. Often qualitative research is especially useful for
answering "how" or "what" questions.[3] They are also useful when budgetary decisions
have to be taken into account.
For example, if your research question is "what is the meaning of teachers' work to
second career teachers?", that is not a question that can be answered with a 'yes' or
'no'. Nor is there likely to be a single overarching answer. This means that qualitative
research is the best route
4.
4
Consider your ideal sampling size. Qualitative research methods don't rely as heavily
on large sample sizes as quantitative methods, but they can still yield important insights
and findings.[4] For instance, since it's unlikely that you have the funding to be able to
study all second teachers everywhere in the United States, perhaps you choose to
narrow your study to a major urban area (like New York) or schools within 200km of
where you live.
Consider the possible outcomes. Because qualitative methodologies are generally quite
broad, there is almost always the possibility that some useful data will come out of the
research. This is different than in a quantitative experiment, where an unproven
hypothesis can mean that a lot of time has been wasted.[5]
Your research budget and available financial resources should also be considered.
Qualitative research is often cheaper and easier to plan and execute. For example, it is
usually easier and cost-saving to gather a small number of people for interviews than it
is to purchase a computer program that can do statistical analysis and hire the
appropriate statisticians.[6]
5.
5
Choose a qualitative research methodology. The design of qualitative research is the
most flexible of all the experimental techniques, so there are a number of accepted
methodologies available to you.[7]
Action Research – Action research focuses on solving an immediate problem or working
with others to solve problem and address particular issues.[8]
Ethnography – Ethnography is the study of human interaction in communities through
direct participation and observation within the community you wish to study.
Ethnographic research comes from the discipline of social and cultural anthropology but
is now becoming more widely used.[9]
Phenomenology – Phenomenology is the study of the subjective experiences of others.
It researches the world through the eyes of another person by discovering how they
interpret their experiences.[10]
Grounded Theory – The purpose of grounded theory is to develop theory based on the
data systematically collected and analyzed. It looks at specific information and derives
theories and reasons for the phenomena.
Case Study Research – This method of qualitative study is an in-depth study of a
specific individual or phenomena in its existing context.[11]
2
Part
We've partnered with Blue Heart, an organization that helps grassroots groups tackle
education inequality in their communities. They're not just making education more
accessible -- they are empowering young people to positively shape their own schools
and communities.
Click below to let us know you read this article, and wikiHow will donate to Blue
Heart on your behalf. Thanks for helping us achieve our mission of helping everyone on
the planet learn how to do anything.
Community Q&A
Question
First, you must determine the children's geographical background to find out their
language capacity. For instance, if you are focusing on the English language, you need
to know whether it is the children's native language or second language. The next step
is to find out or look for a proper strategy for reading. There are lots of different models
and strategies, but once again, these depend on your subjects' geographical
background.
Not Helpful 1Helpful 12
Question
Are there any programs to help me with data collection and analysis?
wikiHow Contributor
Community Answer
I've been using Survey Monkey, and plan to use it more frequently as I move forward
with the study. The app breaks down the information nicely, as far as how many
respondents answered a certain way, number of total responses, etc.
Not Helpful 0Helpful 6
Question
Record the interview (you can download apps on to your phone to do this), and take
notes of any common themes or relevant ideas as you listen to the interview.
Not Helpful 2Helpful 4
Question
to construct research study about travel agency I advice you like this 1.first chose your
study methodology 2.collect the data about travel 3.put the objective the study 4. put the
importance of travel agency and its objectives
Not Helpful 4Helpful 4
Question
wikiHow Contributor
Community Answer
It's wise to research a career, so you understand all the details and, that way, you know
all the things involved in the career.
Not Helpful 0Helpful 0
Unanswered Questions
How do I construct research on manpower training and employees' efficiency?
Answer this question Flag as...
How do I start with conducting research about studying the dynamics of a hook-
up between two people?
Answer this question Flag as...
What is qualitative research?
Answer this question Flag as...
How do I state a step by step ways of collection and analysis of data using
qualitative research on leadership and development challenge in Nigeria?
Answer this question Flag as...
How do I do a study on church attendance?
Answer this question Flag as...
Ask a Question
Submit
Tips
Qualitative research is often regarded as a precursor to quantitative research, which is a
more logical and data-led approach which statistical, mathematical and/or
computational techniques. Qualitative research is often used to generate possible leads
and formulate a workable hypothesis that is then tested with quantitative methods. [21]
Try to remember the difference between qualitative and quantitative as each will give
different data.
How to
Do a Case Study
How to
Conduct Market Research
How to
Interview Experts
How to
Get Started With a Research Project
How to
Conduct Scientific Research
How to
Establish a Research Topic
How to
Conduct Data Analysis
How to
Frame a Questionnaire for Data Collection
How to
Analyze Qualitative Data
How to
Avoid Bias in Qualitative Research
How to
Conduct an Ethnography
How to
Select a Research Methodology
References
1. ↑ http://www.qsrinternational.com/what-is-qualitative-research.aspx
2. ↑ https://explorable.com/what-is-a-literature-review
3. ↑ https://explorable.com/qualitative-research-design
4. ↑ https://explorable.com/qualitative-research-design
5. ↑ https://explorable.com/qualitative-research-design
6. ↑ https://explorable.com/qualitative-research-design
7. ↑ https://explorable.com/qualitative-research-design
8. ↑ http://www.qual.auckland.ac.nz/
9. ↑ http://www.qual.auckland.ac.nz/
10. ↑ http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/qualapp.php
11. ↑ http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/qualapp.php
12. ↑ http://www.qual.auckland.ac.nz/
13. ↑ http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/qualdata.php
14. ↑ http://www.socialresearchmethods.net/kb/qualapp.php
15. ↑ http://www.qual.auckland.ac.nz/
The content analysis unlike statistical analysis does not measure or quantify patterns.
It is based on interpreting opinions and perspectives of various subjects. Content
analysis takes into following elements when analyzing issues:
Answers to these questions are dependent on the the objectives of the study.
However, everything should be transcribed at the start to save time during
analysis.
References
Berg, B.L. (2001). Qualitative Research Methods for the Social Sciences. Boston: Allyn and Bacon.
Bradley, J. (1993). Methodological issues and practices in qualitative research. Library Quarterly, 63(4), 431-
449.
Glaser, B.G., & Strauss, A.L. (1967). The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research.
New York: Aldine.
Hsieh, H.-F., & Shannon, S.E. (2005). Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. Qualitative Health
Research, 15(9), 1277-1288. Available on
: http://qhr.sagepub.com/content/15/9/1277.short?rss=1&ssource=mfc
Miles, M., & Huberman, A.M. (1994). Qualitative Data Analysis. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Patton, M.Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Weber, R.P. (1990). Basic Content Analysis. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.