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By Muralee.V.
Mixed Numbers
1. A mixed number is contained a whole number and a fraction.
Example
2
4 Fraction
5
Whole Number
1
2. The diagram below shows a mixed number, 2 .
4
Solution
1 1
a. 4 and 6
4 7
Compare the whole numbers
1 1
Therefore, 4 < 6
4 7
1 2
b. 7 and 7
4 5
Same whole number
5 8
7 and 7
20 20
Change the fractions into its equivalent
with their common denominator
1 2
Therefore, 7 < 7
4 5
15 Bigger denominator
Equal numerator
15
15 Equal denominator
3. A mixed number can be changed into an improper fraction by following these steps:
I. Multiply the whole number with denominator;
II. Then, add the product to the numerator;
III. Leave the denominator unchanged.
Example
+ II
3 (5 �7) + 3
7 =
5
I 5
35 + 3
=
5
� 38
=
5
4. An improper fraction can be changed into a mixed number by following these steps:
�
I. Divide the numerator with the denominator
II. Leave the denominator unchanged.
III. The obtained quotient becomes the whole number.
IV. The remainder becomes the numerator
Example
15 Quotient
3 47
47 2 3
= 15 17
3 3 15
Denominator 2 Remainder
Example 2
Solve the following
3 7
a) +
11 11
1 5
b) -
18 18
Solution
3 7 3+7
a) + =
11 11 11
10
=
11
1 5 1+ 5
b) - =
18 18 18
6
=
18
1
=
3
4. Addition or subtraction of fractions with different denominators can be done by
changing each fraction into its equivalent with a common denominator.
5. Then, add or subtract the numerator only
6. If possible, simplify the answer to its lowest term.
Example 3
Solve the following
4 2
a) +
13 39
2 4
b) -
3 7
Solution
4 2 4 �3 2
a) + = +
13 39 13 �3 39
12 2
= +
39 39
14
=
39
2 4 2 �7 4 �3
b) - = 3 �7 - 7 �3
3 7
14 12
= -
21 21
2
=
21
Example 4
4
a) 5 -
9
5 3
b) 3 +
6 5
2 1
c) 4 - 3
9 7
Solution
4 4
a) 5 - = 4 +1-
9 9
9 4
=4+ -
9 9
5
=4
9
5 3 5 �5 3 �6
b) 3 + =3+ +
6 5 6 �5 5 �6
25 18
=3+ +
30 30
43
=3+
30
13
=3+1
30
13
=4
30
2 1 2 1
c) 4 -3 = ( 4 – 3 ) + ( - )
9 7 9 7
2 �7 1 �9
=1+ -
9 �7 7 �9
14 9
=1+ -
63 63
5
=1
63
2. In division:
I. Multiply the fraction with the reciprocal of the second fraction
(reciprocal of a number or fraction refers to the inverse of the number or
fraction)
Example
1
3 reciprocal
3
3 reciprocal 14
14 3
II. If possible, simplify the answer to its lowest term.
* method of cancellation can be used
Example5
2 8 2 49 reciprocal
a) � = �
7 49 7 8
1 7
2 49
= �
7 8
1 4
7
=
4
3
=1
4
Example 6 1 7
3 3 8 35
a) 1 �2 = � Change to
5 16 5 216
1 improper fraction
7
=
2
1
=3
2
4 8 18 36
b) 2 �2 = �
7 14 7 14
1 2
18 14
= � Change to improper
7 36 fraction and reciprocal
1 2
=1