Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
UNIT OBJECTIVES
I T
UN ements
At the end of this unit, students will be able to:
understand texts and conversations related to
achievements in careers and education
talk about future possibilities using conditional
sentences
describe actions and feelings
make telephone calls
Achiev
write a personal profile
3 VOCABULARY Education collocations to a few parties this week and I haven’t had time to revise. If the
questions aren’t too hard, I might be OK. But this lecturer normally
a Put students in pairs and ask them to note down things gives us difficult exam papers, so I think I’m in trouble!
that good students do and things that bad students do in
class or while learning. Give an example: arrive on time
/ be late for class. Ask for ideas during feedback and put VOCABULARY SUPPORT
them on the board in two lists. Point out which list is deadline (B2) – the latest time to do something by
longer! Read through the words and phrases in the box fail the year – fail a whole year of studying and need to repeat
with the class and check them against the lists. If they are
not included, ask students which list they should go in. it’s all over – it’s completely finished
paid off (B2) – produced good results
Answers
G: pass your exams, take notes, revise be in trouble (B2) – be in a difficult, unpleasant or dangerous
B: fail your exams, get low grades, hand an essay in late situation
LANGUAGE NOTES
• The two clauses of a conditional sentence can come
in either order. The if-clause can come first or second.
However, if it comes first, we use a comma after it.
• Remember that the result clause can also use might to
give less certainty.
OPTIONAL LEAD-IN
Books closed. Think of a celebrity students will all know.
Write down five facts about the celebrity’s life. Make sure P So tell us – what makes shy people feel the way they do? What’s going
some of the facts focus on the personal life of the celebrity. on in a shy person’s head?
Write the facts on the board, one sentence at a time, and see L Well, first it’s important to say – everyone is different so there’s no single
answer. But in general, shy people worry a lot and they expect things to
how quickly the class can guess the name of the person. Ask
go wrong. Let’s imagine a shy person wants to go to a party. He or she
students to do the same in pairs. Ask one or two students to
will probably make lots of predictions about the party, normally bad
play the game with the whole class. ones. So they’ll say, ‘If I go to the party, I won’t know anyone and it will
be difficult. I won’t enjoy it.’ And so on. Or often they imagine terrible
1 SPEAKING AND LISTENING situations – ‘Everyone will laugh when I speak’, ‘Everyone will hate me’,
that kind of thing.
a Ask students to look at the pictures. Ask: Where are P These are, I think, the kinds of feelings we all get sometimes. But you’re
the people? What are they doing? How do you think they are saying that very shy people get more of them.
feeling? Elicit adjectives, e.g. shy, worried, nervous, anxious, L Yes, yes – absolutely.
happy, confident. Then ask: Why are they feeling like this? P And what can you do to help shy people?
Ask the class if they find the situations in the pictures L Well, when I work with shy people, I ask them to talk about these
easy or not, and why / why not. Elicit examples of when feelings. I tell them to make a list of all the things they worry about.
students have been in these situations recently. Find out Then I can ask, ‘Well, do you think these things will really happen?’ At
how many people in the class feel shy in these situations. the beginning they say, ‘yes’. But I work with them and I hope in the end
they’ll realise the things probably won’t happen. That’s important. And
b In pairs, students discuss their reactions to the after this training, I ask the shy person to go out and speak to people, to
statements before you take feedback as a class. Encourage see what happens. And normally nothing bad happens. Then they can
students to justify their opinions as far as possible. compare this real experience they’ve had to the list of fears they wrote
3.9 Tell the class that they are going to listen to an
on Day 1. There’s normally a big difference and this really helps them to
c
deal with their shyness.
interview about shyness. Tell them not to worry if they
P OK, Dr Lamb, we have to finish there. Thanks for coming to speak to us.
don’t understand everything they hear, but encourage
L Thank you.
them to focus on listening for the specific information
they need to a check their answers for 1b. You may
need to play the recording twice and/or pause it after
the information is given.
VOCABULARY SUPPORT
basically (B2) – simply
Answers
1 T 2 F 3 F 4 T becoming more common (B1) – happening more often
on their own (B1) – alone
Audioscript report (B1) – to say/tell the results of something
PRESENTER So, let’s have a look at another story in the news today. A
study (B2) – a survey / some research
study reported in the newspapers this week has found that 50% of
people in the USA say they are shy. And also that this is an increase,
and shyness is becoming more common. Well, here to talk about LANGUAGE NOTES
this is Dr Lamb, from the University of South London. Dr Lamb, good
morning.
The verbs increase and study both have a countable noun
DR LAMB Good morning. Thanks for inviting me here. which is the same form, e.g.
P Let’s talk first about shyness in general. Obviously we all feel shy There is an increase in the number of students at this school.
sometimes. When does it become a problem? There has been a study about people’s social habits.
L Well, it becomes a problem when it stops you doing what you want to
do. Shy people normally want to communicate with other people. They d 3.9 Read through the questions with the class.
don’t want to be on their own. But they find it difficult when they need You may wish to help students with the words in the
to talk to other people. Or when people talk to them. Vocabulary support box at this point. Encourage them
P OK, and is it true that people are becoming shyer? Is shyness becoming to underline the key words in the question (problem,
more common in the world? technology, worries, problem) and listen out for those
L That’s a difficult question to answer. But some people say that modern
in particular. Play the recording again for students to
technology is making us shyer.
answer the questions. If students need more support,
P Yes, in fact the study mentions technology. What is the relationship
you can play the recording twice and pause for them to
between technology and shyness?
answer. Check answers as a class.
L Yes, well, the idea is basically that we speak to other people much less
now … because of technology. The Internet has changed things a lot.
We maybe use email or Facebook more than we talk on the phone or
meet our friends. We check our bank account online. We don’t go to
the bank much anymore and speak to someone. We book our holidays
online, not at a travel agent’s. So there are all of these things. We just
speak to other people less than in the past. So when we do speak to
someone, it’s more difficult for us.
practise using the correct form. Vocabulary Focus 9B on SB p.139. Tell students to use
infinitive forms for the table in Exercise b. Play the
Answers recording where indicated for students to underline the
Verbs followed by to + infinitive: decide, learn, want stressed syllables in Exercise a and to practise saying the
Verbs followed by verb + -ing: love, enjoy, think about, start sentences. Tell students to go back to SB p.91.
Answers (Vocabulary Focus 9B SB p.139)
CAREFUL! a 2, 10, 3, 4, 6, 1, 7, 5, 8, 11, 9, 12
Students may omit to before the infinitive, e.g. We want b to + infinitive: refuse, arrange, forget, seem, agree, manage
+ verb + -ing: recommend, imagine, miss, dislike, regret, avoid
see the new movie. (Correct form = We want to see the new
c 1 refused 2 arranged 3 forgot 4 recommended
movie.) 5 imagined 6 missed 7 disliked 8 seemed 9 agreed
10 managed 11 regretted 12 avoids
c 3.10 Students read the information in Grammar
d 1 regretted 2 dislikes 3 forgot 4 imagined 5 refused
Focus 9B on SB p.158. Play the recording where 6 agreed/arranged 7 avoids 8 recommended 9 misses
indicated and ask students to listen and repeat. Students 10 agreed 11 managed 12 seemed
then complete the exercises Grammar Focus 9B on SB
p.159. Check answers as a class. Tell students to go back
to SB p.91. 5 SPEAKING
Answers (Grammar Focus 9B SB p.159) a Put students into pairs. Tell them that they are going
a 1 to leave 2 playing 3 working 4 starting 5 to visit to take turns to make and guess phrases using the verb
6 to live 7 talking 8 to help 9 to go 10 to save patterns. Look at the example in the book and give
b both OK 2 not doing 3 to make 4 both OK another example of your own for students to guess, e.g.
5 to start 6 to become 7 both OK 8 both OK clean fridge. Elicit guesses, e.g. Are you avoiding cleaning
9 having 10 both OK your fridge? No. My fridge is beautifully clean. I’m very
c 1 to pass 2 not to be 3 getting 4 not putting 5 to speak proud of it. Did you manage to clean your fridge recently?
6 doing 7 to visit 8 not to play
Yes, that’s right. It was really dirty, but I had been so busy
d 1 hates 2 thinks of 3 didn’t expect 4 started 5 hated
6 continued 7 needed 8 discussed 9 preferred
at work I hadn’t had time to clean it! Students choose five
topics each and then prepare their sentences. They put
their key words in the boxes.
4 VOCABULARY b In pairs, students guess their partner’s sentences
Verbs followed by to + infinitive / from the key words. Monitor and help with question
verb + -ing forms. Take feedback and ask students to tell their
partner’s most interesting or surprising sentence to the
a Ask students to find four more verbs in the text followed class.
by either form and add them to the table. Check answers
together. Point out the use of a verb with a different FAST FINISHERS
pattern: help + object + to + infinitive (Phelps).
Fast finishers can write sentences and key words for two
Answers more topics.
verb + to + infinitive: refuse (Hayek), manage (Jackson)
verb + -ing: avoid (Gaga), regret (Del Toro)
ADDITIONAL MATERIAL
b In pairs, students discuss the meanings of the verbs
in 4a before you check answers as a class. Elicit any Workbook 9B
other verbs the class knows which follow the patterns, Photocopiable activities: Grammar p.221, Vocabulary p.245
e.g. + -ing – verbs of liking and disliking: like, love,
b 3.12 Ask students to tell you the story so far. Tell the
b Elicit from the class which phrases are used by the
class that they are going to hear Annie making a phone person who is making the call and which by the person
call. Play Part 1 of the video or play the audio recording receiving the call.
for students to listen and find out who Annie wants to
Answers
speak to and if she is going to call back later. Check
1 1, 3, 7
answers as a class.
2 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9
Answers
Mark (Riley) c Answer the questions together. In pairs, students match
No, Mark will call her back. the phrases to the functions. Check the answers as a
class.
Video/audioscript (Part 1) Answers
RECEPTIONIST Good morning, A This is Annie Morton speaking. 1 2 2 4 3 6 4 8
Turner and Collins. C OK. And shall I ask him to call
ANNIE Oh, good morning. Is it you back?
possible to speak to Mark Riley A Ah, yes please. EXTRA ACTIVITY
in Marketing? C Did you say your name was
Books closed. Write sentences from 2a on the board, but leave
R I’ll just put you through. Annie Morgan?
COLLEAGUE Hello, Mark Riley’s A No, sorry, Annie Morton. That’s out key words, e.g. Is it … speak to Mark Riley? (possible to).
phone? M-O-R-T-O-N.
d Put students into groups of three and ask them
A Oh, hello. Is Mark there? C OK. And has he got your
C I’m afraid he’s not available – number?
to have a similar conversation to the one they’ve just
he’s in a meeting. Can I take a A Yes, he has. heard. If you used the Optional lead-in, refer back to the
message? C Fine, I’ll ask him to call you. ideas students gave then. If not, elicit some reasons for
A Umm, can you just tell him that A Thanks very much. phoning someone at work. As the receptionist only has
I called? C No problem. Bye. one thing to say, ask this student to listen to the rest of
C And who’s calling, please? A Goodbye. the conversation and give feedback. Students can then
swap roles and do the role play again. Monitor the role
c 3.12 Read through the detailed questions with the plays and point out errors for students to self-correct.
class and check students understand the meaning of After the activity, ask students to tell the class examples
colleague – a person you work with. Play Part 1 of the from the conversations and if appropriate, choose a
video or play the audio recording again for students to group to act out their conversation for the class.
answer the questions. Check answers as a class.
Answers 3 LISTENING
1 Mark’s in a meeting. a 3.14 Tell students that they are going to hear some
2 Annie asks him to tell Mark that she called.
more conversations. Play Part 2 of the video or play
3 He offers to ask Mark to call Annie back.
4 Annie’s name; if Mark has Annie’s number
the audio recording for students to say when Mark and
Annie arrange to meet. Then ask how many different
conversations they heard (Three: Annie and Rachel,
Mark and Annie, Rachel and Mark). Check answers
together.
Answers
at 2.30 tomorrow / the next day
OPTIONAL LEAD-IN
Books closed. If you have a multilingual class, put students J The only thing I’m not sure of J Yeah, I was just reading about
in pairs to find out the differences between the education … well, you know that my IT that. At least it’s free.
systems in their countries. Put some ideas on the board skills aren’t very good. Like, R Yeah, you should do it, Janina.
I’m OK making documents and It’s only two weeks long and
to guide them, e.g. ages for different school stages, size of
using the Internet. But this you can do it any time. It really
classes, school times, technology in the classroom. could be a bit more … I don’t helped me.
If the class is monolingual, ask them to talk about the know ... difficult? J OK – sounds like a good idea.
differences between ways of learning English at state schools R Not really. You don’t need any
and other places, e.g. universities, private language schools. special skills. It’s quite easy. And
Monitor and contribute to the conversations. Take feedback there’s an introduction course
and ask pairs for comments. you can do.
EXTRA ACTIVITY
Ask students to look back through the unit and find six words
to revise. They should write them down as in 2a with just
the first and last letters and a clue. They swap these with a
partner who tries to solve them. Ask students to tell some of
their clues to the class.