RIDA NUR YULIANI – EK 3C

TUGAS BAHASA INGGRIS II

Disusun Oleh :
Rida Nur Yuliani
3.32.15.2.15

JURUSAN TEKNIK ELEKTRO

PROGRAM STUDI TEKNIK ELEKTRONIKA
POLITEKNIK NEGERI SEMARANG
2017
RIDA NUR YULIANI – EK 3C

Capacitor

Capacitor is an electronic component that implements to store electrical charge or

electrical energy in electronic circuit. Capacitor was categorized in pasif component because
doesn’t need current for doing the function. The value of capacitor is called the capacitance,
the capacitance is expressed in unit of farad (F). The value of capacitance in generally is very
small, so it is often expressed in the form of microfarad (10-6 F), nanofarad (10-9 F), and
picofarad (10-12 F ).

1. Types of capacitor
In general capacitor can be classified into many types, then if we classify of capacitor
based on the value of capacitance, the capacitor can be divided into 2 types :
1. Fixed Capacitor
Fixed capacitor has constant value of capacitance. Fixed capacitor has function to
store electrical charge, Fix capacitor also has functions as a filter in power supply
circuit, passing alternating current (AC), blocking direct current (DC), and can be
used as a frequency generator in the oscillator circuit.
2. Variable Capacitor
Variable capacitor has value of capacitance can be change. Variable capacitor can
be used as tuning in the radio. There are two kinds of variable capacitor, namely
Varco (variable capacitor) and Trimmer. Variable capacitor made of metal with a
larger size. In general variable capacitor used to select the radio frequency waves.

Then if we classify types of capacitors based on the polarity poles, the capacitor can be
divided into 2 types :
1. Polar Capacitor
Polar capacitor is capacitor which have positive and negative polarity poles. Polar
capacitor usually made from dielectric materials such as electrolyte capacitor.
This capacitor has the value of capacitance is greater than the other capacitor
types. Polar capacitor can found in electrolyte capacitor (Elco) and Tantalum
capacitor.
2. Non Polar Capacitor
Non Polar capacitor is capacitor doesn’t has polarity poles, that mean the
installation of capacitors in electronic circuits can be used in reverse. This
RIDA NUR YULIANI – EK 3C

capacitor has a capacitance value is small. Non polar capacitor can found in
Ceramic capacitor, Polyester capacitor, Paper capacitor, and Mica capacitor.

2. Materials
Then if we classify types of capacitors based on the material used, the capacitor can be
divided into 5 types :
1. Ceramic Capacitor
Ceramic capacitor is made from ceramic materials. This capacitor has a thin
round shaped or rectangular. Ceramic capacitor doesn’t has polarity poles, so it
can be installed in reverse polarity.
2. Polyester Capacitor
Polyester capacitor is made from polyester. These capacitors have a rectangular
shape. In electronic circuit, polyester capacitors can be installed in reverse
polarity because doesn’t has polarity poles.
3. Paper Capacitor
Paper capacitor is capacitor dielectric materials made from paper. In general
paper capacitor values ranging between 300 pF to 4 μF. Paper capacitors doesn’t
has polarity poles, so it can be reverse installed in electronics circuit.
4. Mica Capacitor
Mica capacitor is capacitor dielectric materials made from mica. Mica capacitor
values generally range between 50 pF to 0.02 μF. Mica capacitors doesn’t has
polarity poles, so it can be reverse installed in electronics circuit.
5. Electrolyte Capacitor
Electrolyte capacitor is a capacitor made of dielectric materials from electrolyte.
This capacitor has shaped cylindrical. Electrolyte capacitors or usually called
“Elco” is often used in electronics circuit that requires high capacitance. The
electrolyte capacitors which have positive pole (+) and negative pole (-). In
general, the value of electrolyte capacitors ranges from 0.1 μF to thousands
microfarad (μF). Usually in the body electrolyte capacitors will be shown the
value capacitance, voltage, and negative terminal.

3. Reading the value of capacitor

The value of capacitance can known by the text code on the body of capacitor. On
electrolyte capacitor we can know the value by read the text code. Usually in the body
RIDA NUR YULIANI – EK 3C

electrolyte capacitors will be shown the value capacitance, voltage, and negative
terminal. For example, the electrolyte capacitor has text code 22 μF and 450 volts. So the
value of capacitance is 22 μF with maximum voltage that can be passed is 450 volts.
Then on tantalum capacitor, mica capacitor, paper capacitor, and ceramic
capacitor we can know the value by convert the text code on capacitor body. For
example, the capacitor specified code is 102. Then the value of the capacitor can be
determined : the first number as the first digit, the second number as the second digit, and
the third number as a multiplier in units of picofarads (pF).
So the value of capacitance is 10 x 102 pF = 1000 pF = 1 nF

4. Characteristic of capacitor
Series and parallel capacitors circuit
a. Series capacitors circuit
When capacitors are installed in series circuit, it was found that the current
through the capacitor will be same, while the voltage passing through it
differently. Installation of capacitors in series performed to obtain a capacitance
value that is smaller than the original value of the capacitor.
Example:
The capacitors are installed in series circuit, and the value of capacitors are :
C1 = 2 μF, C2 = 2 μF, C3 = 2 μF.
1 1 1
So, the value of Capacitance: Cs = 2μF + + 2μF = 1,5 μF
2μF

b. Parallel capacitors circuit

When capacitors are installed in parallel circuit, it was found that the current
through the capacitor has a different value, while the voltage on each capacitor
will be the same. example :
The capacitors are installed in parallel circuit, and the value of capacitors are :
C1 = 2 μF, C2 = 2 μF, C3 = 2 μF.
So, the value of capacitance : Cp = 2 μF + 2 μF + 2 μF = 6 μF

5. The application of capacitor

Capacitor has function to store electrical charge or electrical energy, capacitor
also has functions as a filter in power supply circuit, passing alternating current (AC),
RIDA NUR YULIANI – EK 3C

blocking direct current (DC), and can be used as a frequency generator in the oscillator
circuit.
F D1

CT Vi 1 3
Vo
78XX XX Volt

D2 2

C1 C2

Power supply is an electronic circuit that serves to convert alternating current into
direct current. Power supply has four main parts in order to produce a stable DC current.
The fourth part of them is Transformers, Rectifiers, Filters and Voltage Regulator. In the
power supply circuit, the filter is used to smooth out the current signal from the rectifier
or in other words filter serves to flatten the DC voltage ripple. Filter capacitors used in
power supply circuit normally the type of electrolyte capacitors and ceramic capacitors.
RIDA NUR YULIANI – EK 3C

Capacitor
1. Types of capacitors and materials
2. Fixed Capacitor

3. Variable Capacitors
RIDA NUR YULIANI – EK 3C

2. Reading the value Codes of capacitor

Example :
a. Electrolyte Capacitor

So, the value of capacitance is 22 μF with maximum voltage that can be passed is
450 volts.

b. Ceramic Capacitor
RIDA NUR YULIANI – EK 3C

3. Characteristic of capacitors
a. Series capacitors circuit

example :
The capacitors are installed in series circuit, and the value of capacitors are :
C1 = 2 μF, C2 = 2 μF, C3 = 2 μF.
1 1 1
So, the value of capacitance : Cs = 4μF + + 8μF = 0,54 μF
6μF

b. Parallel capacitors circuit

example :
The capacitors are installed in parallel circuit, and the value of capacitors are :
C1 = 2 μF, C2 = 2 μF, C3 = 2 μF.
So, the value of capacitance : Cp = 2 μF + 2 μF + 2 μF = 6 μF
4. The application of capasitor

F D1

CT Vi 1 3
Vo
78XX XX Volt

D2 2

C1 C2