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A Thesis
Submitted to Letters and Humanities Faculty
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for
The Degree of Strata 1
Written by
ABDUL ROSYID
106026000972
A Thesis
Submitted to Letters and Humanities Faculty
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for
The Degree of Strata 1
Abdul Rosyid
106026000972
Approved by:
i
ABSTRACT
ii
LEGALIZATION
The thesis has been defended before the Letters and Humanities Faculty’
Examination Committee on July 04, 2011. It has been accepted as a partial
fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of strata one.
Signature Date
iii
DECLARATION
I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and that, to the best of my
another person nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the
award of any other degree or diploma of the university or other institute of higher
learning, except where due acknowledgment has been made in the text.
Abdul Rosyid
iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of all, the writer would like to express the most gratitude and praise
to Allah SWT, the Lord of the universe for his help, affection and generosity in
Hidayatullah, Jakarta. Then, peace and blessing is upon to our beloved prophet
Muhammad SAW and all of his family, his disciplines, and his followers.
the Strata 1 Degree to The Faculty of Adab and Humanities, English Letters
In the terms of completion my study, the writer would like to express his
deepest gratitude to the Dean of Adab and Humanities Faculty, Dr.Wahid Hasyim,
M.A, The Head of English Letters Department, Drs. A. Saefuddin, M.Pd., the
secretary of English Letters, Elve Oktafiyani, M.Hum, and to all his lectures who
Boang and Hj. Mardiyah, since they always support me, financially, morally and
spiritually.
thesis advisor, who has sent me suggestions, corrections, and criticisms. I am also
awfully aware of his every guidance, patience, and encouragements mean to Idris
M.Pd, and the beloved English Teacher of MTSN Teluknaga for the advice,
support and nice sharing in every single thing. The writer shows his thousands
gratitude for the advices, guidances and supports which mean to his a lot.
v
In addition the writer would like to thank the following acquaintances to
has helped. I really enjoyed the friendship as long as four years with all of you
guys by our beautiful memories, laughs, activities, supports, spirit, souls, love
The writer
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
APPROVEMENT……………………………………………………… i
ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………. ii
LEGALIZATION……………………………………………………… iii
DECLARATION………………………………………………………. iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT……………………………………………… v
TABLE OF CONTENT…………………………………………………. vii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
A. Background of the study…………………………………….. 1
E. Research methodology………………………………………. 7
4. Unit Analysis……………………………………………… 8
vii
CHAPTER II THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
A. Theory of translation………………………………………… 9
1. Definition of translation…………………………………. 9
2. Method of translation……………………………………. 10
3. Process of translation…………………………………….. 14
6. Untransbilty………………………………………………. 18
B. Equivalence in Translation......................................................... 19
A. Data Description……………………………………………… 26
B. Data Analysis………………………………………………… 26
C. Equivalent in Translation.......................................................... 34
A. Conclusion……………………………………………………. 36
B. Suggestion…………………………………………………….. 36
BIBLIOGRAPHY……………………………………………………….. 38
APPENDIXES…………………………………………………………… 40
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CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
all the possibilities for human to distinguish them from other creature. Language
is a sign to identify of things in the world according to the society agreement and
existence is not axis just in one single pattern but there are many languages that
influences the language used. Many English texts translated into Indonesian vice
and ideas from one source language (SL) and target language (TL).
meaning or message that is similar to the original author intended source language
1
Abdul Chaer, Linguistik umum (Jakarta: Rineka Cipta), p.32.
1
2
According to Nababan equivalence relations, which are often regarded as the most
semantic) and culturally between the Source Language and the target language.
Toury said the translation is an activity that involves two languages and two
cultures at the same time, greater differences between the Source Language and
the target language, in both these aspects, the higher the difficulty level of
meaning or message transfer between the two languages. For example, the phrase
"I lost my money", which when viewed from the structure represents an active
saya hilang” Therefore, the target language text and the text Source Language
Translation as an activity, not only involves the source language and the
target language, but also involves the source culture and the target culture.
bi-lingual activity, but at the same time, a bi-cultural activity. The translator,
through his act of translation, generates a symbiosis between the source culture
and the target culture. The translator not only requires a good knowledge of two
2
Niranjan Mohanty, “Translation: A Symbiosis of culture,” Teaching Translation and Interpreting
2,ed.by. Cay Dollerup, and Annete Lindegaard,(Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing,1994),
p.28
3
the source language. He or She has to consider many things when he or she wants
to start transferring it into the target language. He or she must realize that it is
different thing between the source culture and target culture. If he or She has to
she has to find its equivalence in the target language that is suitable and has the
literary texts are concerned with the world of the imagination and are centered in
natural and climatic backgrounds, whilst non-literary texts describe the facts of
language at its „face‟ singular denotative value, and has to bear second often
communication between peoples with different languages can be done. It's hard to
information, and values from one nation to another nation will also have problems
3
Rachel Owens, the translator’s Handsbook, (London: The Association for Information
Management,1996) 3rd edition, p.13
4
meaning.
While Nida and Taber divides translation into a literal and dynamic
translation. the literal translation does not reveal the meaning of the source
language in the target language. Transferred into the target language is the
language of the source, not the meaning contained in the source language.
refers to the nature of that transfer messages contained in the original text so that
the response of people who read or hear the message being transferred is equal to
That's the translation of which there are several methods in the context of
Holmes Sir Arthur Conan Doyle”. Related to the study of translation method,
basically can not be separated from these linguistic elements, if traced more
interesting to be analyzed in depth. Because, in practice, and the fact that there is
in this novel is one novel that is easily understood by readers because it is in his
method of writing the original text and translation is not too complicated.
4
Mauritis D.S.Simatupang, Pengantar Teori Terjemahan (Jakarta:Universitas Indonesia, 2000),
p.39
5
novel source language into target language dubbed, not all words can be changed
just like that. To discover what changes are made from English novels, we can do
a comparison (analysis) from the English version and the version of the
Indonesian language.
Example:
Equivalence of meaning in the novel A Study in Scarlet Sherlock Holmes by
Arthur Conan Doyle from the original language (English) translation into the
language (Indonesian)
“It depends on the player, ”I answered.”A well played violin is a treat for the
gods-a badly-played one-“
“oh, that‟s right,” he cried, with a merry laugh.” I think we may consider the thing
as settled-that is, if the rooms are agreeable to you.”
“When shall we see them?”
“Call for me here at noon to-morrow, and we‟ll go together and setle everything,”
he answered.
“ itu tergantung pada pemainnya,” jawab saya.” Suara biola yang di mainkan oleh
pemain yang baik merupakan suatu hiburan. Tap kalu jelek…”
“Oh, ya? Bagus kalau begitu,” teriaknya sambil tertawa penuh kegirangan.” Saya
kira segala sesuatunya sudah beres sekarang, kecuali satu hal, apakah kamu cocok
dengan tempatnya atau tidak”
“kapan kita kesana?”
“besok siang temui saya di sini, kita pergi bersama-sama ke sana dan
membereskan segala sesuatunya,” jawabnya.
In this novel there are situational meaning which is indicated by the word
in the English-indonesian dictionary, the word we have two meanings.iec kita and
kami, into including the first person, the second person and third person but the
word kami only involves the first and the second person.
6
Based from background of the study above, the focus of the research is on
the method of translation and equivalent meaning contained in the novel A Study
C. Research Question
Based on focus of the study above, the writer intends to propose the
E. Research Metodology
know the translation method used by the translator in translating the novel A
method is research which relies on verbal data and non numerical in the same
manner as the basic of analyze and creative problem solving of the research.5
The writer will describe the data and the results obtained from this research is
In this study, the instrument is the writer himself as the main instrument to
Holmes by Arthur Conan Doyle and also from other sources that can provide
useful information for this research. However, in conducting this study, the
writer was supported by some equipment such as the supporting library of the
5
Muhammad Farkhan, Proposal Penelitian Bahasa dan Sastra, (Jakarta: Cella, 2007). p. 8.
8
4. Unit Analysis
The unit of analysis of the research is several sentence in the novel in this
as the source text and several sentence in its translation text in Indonesian
The writer analyzes the data using qualitative analysis method. Firstly, the
writer reads original book and compared to its translation. Then he looks up a
library, and in certain library of university in Jakarta which provide and give
THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
A. Theory of Translation
1. Definition of Translation
The word translation comes from Latin; trans, across and datum, to carry.
From its terminology we can see that translation is the connection between two
different languages. But for the beginning, the translator should know what
There are some definitions of translation taken from many sources, such as:
d. Translation is the general term referring to the transfer of thoughts and ideas
from one language (source) to another (target), whether the languages are in
1
Zuchridin Suryawinata, Sugeng Haryanto. Translation: Bahasa Teori dan Penuntun
Praktis Menerjemahkan. (Yogyakarta: Kanisius, 2000), p. 12
2
Peter Newmark, A textbook of translation. (New York: Prentice Hall,1988a), p.5.
3
Robert T Bell. Translation and Translating,”Theory and Practice.”{London: Longman,
1998}, p. 20
9
10
2. Methode of Translation
taught in the mother tongue of students or vice versa. The exercises of this
first perspective emphasizes on the source language (SL) and the other on the
target language (TL). Source language emphasis means that when the translator
translates the text, they follow what is common or normal in the source
language such as the structure, the lexis, and the culture of the source language,
whereas target language emphasis means the translator follows the target
language structure, lexis and culture to make the readers comprehend the
4
Richrad. W. Brislin. Translation: Application and Research. (New York: Gardner Press Inc,
1976), p.1
5
Eugene. A. Nida and Charles.R.Taber, The Theory and Practice of Translation(Leiden:
E.j.Brill,1974), p.12
11
V diagram below:
SL emphasis TL
the translator keeps the SL word order and uses common equivalent words
to express the meaning of the source text. Some mechanical and cultural
process)
6
Peter Newmark, A Textbook of Translation (UK: Prentice Hall International, 1988), p. 45
12
tries to change the SL structure into TL structure but the words are
words are translated literally, not the structure like in the previous method.
translate the meaning of the source text attempting to convey the writer’s
intention. Yet, the translation keeps the grammar of the SL and the lexis
meaning), more accurate (not keeping the SL grammar and the lexis that
violate the TL norms), and has aesthetic value ( the beautiful and natural
1. The first is adaption. This method is mostly used to the plays and
and the text is rewriting the theme, characters, and plots are not
the theme, characters, and plot although the original script has been
13
paraphrase the original text but the SL manner, content, and form are
not used. For example, some children books like Sleeping Beauty and
Three Little Pigs have been rewritten in different version, even not
only one but some different versions, from the original story. In the
free translation product, the texts do not maintain the content of the
original anymore and use the forms that are easier to understand and
the message of the source text. However, it can give the wrong
education, class, age and sex) so the translation product can convey the
1. Full Translation
7
Peter Newmark (1988), op. cit p. 45.
8
Zuchridin Suryawita, Sugeng Hariyanto. Translation: Bahasa Teori dan Penuntun Praktis
Menerjemahkan (Yogyakarta: Kanisius, 2003), p.41
14
2. Partial Translation
untranslated:
cannot translate some texts just like that. The translator should do this
phrase.
2. Analysis. Once the translator has attuned his mind to the framework of
the text to be translated, he will take each sentence in turn and split it
15
its elements, the translator will generally put it together again in a form
which he can do this will depend on his basic knowledge of the subject
matter.
4. Terminology. The next step is to consider the key words and phrases in
the sentence to make sure that apart from understanding the and felling
what they imply, one has a translation for them which is in line with
5. Restructuring. When all the bricks needed for the edifice of the target
language text have been gathered or made, the translator will fit them
target language.
6. Checking. The translator will doubtless check his draft translation for
7. Discussion. For this reason, a good way to end the translation process
is often with a discussion between the translator and the expert on the
subject matter.9
translation used by the translator. The first six principles are use when the
9
Dr. Ronald H. Bathgate. A Survey of Translation Theory. In Vann Tall, Jaargang 25,
Nummer 2 (Holland:1981)
10
T.H Savory. The Art of Translation. (London: Cape,1981), p. 54
17
translator Decided to use literal translation (word for word translation), while the
rest are used when the translator decided to use a freer translation, e.g., idiomatic
translation.
9. Adding, this process is used to help when the translation that had the
related with the technique, the culture and others. Adding and
borrowing may take place at the same time. Example: ‘National Bank’
6. Untranslability
B. Equivalence in Translation
translation theory have caused heated controversy, And many different theories
of the concept of equivalence have been elaborated within this field in the past
fifty years.
Nida argued that there are two different types of equivalence, namely
formal equivalence which in the second edition by nida and taber is referent to
focuses attention on the message itself, in both form and content, unlike
equivalent of a SL word of phrase .Nida and taber make it clear that there are
not always formal equivalent between language pairs. They therefore suggest
translation aims at achieving formal rather than dynamic equivalence. The use
the translation will not be easily understood by the target audience. 12 Nida and
11
Eugene A. Nida, Towards a Science of Translating, (Leidin: E. J. Brill, 1964), p. 159
12
Peter Fawcett, Translation and Language: Linguistic Theories Explained, (Manchester:
St Jerome Publishing, 1997), p. 201
20
grammatical and stylistic patterns of the receptor language, and hence distorts
hard.
which a translator seeks to translate the meaning of the original In such a way
that the TL wording will trigger the same impact on the TC audience as the
original wording did upon the ST audience. They argue that ‘frequently, the
form of the original text is changed; but as long as the change follows the rules
One can easily see that nida is in favour of the application of dynamic
nida was dealing with the translation phenomenon, that is to say, his translation
process, that is the text in the TL, must have the same Impact on the different
readers it was addressing. Only in nida and taber’s edition is it clearly stated
communication of information.
interested in the message of the text or, in other words, in its semantic quality.
13
Eugen A. Nida and Charles R. Taber. The Theory and Practice of Translation. (Leiden:
E. J. Brill, 1982), p. 200
21
He therefore strives to make sure that this message remains clear in the target
text.
(1992) who seems to offer a more detailed list of conditions upon which the
aspect of translation and hence putting together the linguistic and the
Equivalence that can appear at word level and above word level, when
be taken into consideration by the translator. In fact, when the translator starts
analyzing the ST she/he looks at the words as single units in order to find a
direct ‘equivalent’ term in the TL. Baker gives a definition of term word since it
unit or morpheme. This means that the translator should pay attention to a
number of factors when considering a single word, such as number, gender and
tense.
22
categories across languages. Baker notes the grammatical rules may vary across
languages and this may pose some problems in terms of finding a direct
structures in the SL and TL may cause remarkable changes in the way the
and analysis of the source text which can help the translator in his or her attempt
to produce a cohesive and coherent text for the target culture audience in a
the cohesive ties as well as the coherence of the SL text. His or her decision will
be guided by there main factors, that is, the target audience, the purpose of the
explicitly said but what is implied. Therefore, the translator needs to work out
23
implied meanings in translation in order to get the ST message across. The role
controversial areas in the field of translation theory. The term has caused, and it
seems quite probable that it will continue to cause, heated debates within the
field of translation studies. This term has been analyzed, evaluated and
extensively discussed from different points of view and has been approached
contemporary theorists. Even the brief outline of the issue given above indicates
its importance within the framework of the theoretical reflection. The different
In translating literary works, the translator may face the linguistic, literary,
collocation and obscured. The aesthetic and literary problem are related with
problems arise when the translator translates expressions containing the four
14
Mona Baker, In Other Words: a Coursebook on Translation,( London: Routledge,
1992), p. 11-12
24
literary work is, perhaps always more difficult translating other types of text
because literary works have specific values, aesthetic and exspressive values.
The aesthetic function of the work shall emphasize the beauty of the words
shall put forwards the writer’s thought (or the process of thought), emotion,
etc. And the translator should try, at his best, to transfer these specific values
Hillarie belloc laid down six general rules for the translator of prose texts:
sentence, but should ‘always, ” block out” hits work, ’ block out ‘ ,
below means that the translator should consider the work as an integral
unit and translate in sections, asking himself ‘before each what the
2. The translator should render idiom by idiom ‘and idioms of their nature
4. Belloc warns against lex paux amis, those words or structures that may
native body.
He does stress the need for the translator to consider the prose texts as a
structured whole whilst bearing in mind the stylistic and syntactical exigencies
of the TL. He accepts that there is a moral responsibility to the original, but
feels that the translator has the right to significantly alter the text in the
15
Susan Bassnett. Translation Studies. (London: Routledge. 1991), p. 116.
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH FINDINGS
A. Data Description
The writer analyzes words, phrases and sentences in the novel A Study in
Scarlet Sherlock Holmes by Arthur Conan Doyle (source language “SL”) and
In these analyses the writer also gives his opinion that is related to both
steps, that is analysis in Indonesian and analysis in English to find out how the
B. Analysis
In data analysis the writer gets the data of the source language text in
a. Communicative Translation
26
27
language. But in the text above, it is translated into the word positif, which
the text that in the novel. The situation of the novel showed that there was
a contrast, so that is fine for the translator to choose positif which denotes
a contrast as a translation for the word right. The meaning of the word
the communicative situation. The modulation of the noun from the source
language into the target language is done by the translator in achieving the
textual equivalence. Seen from the context of the text in the novel, the
translation result is clear and can be said equivalent to the source language
understand well when they read the novel. The word subject in the source
target language. But considering to the situation in the in the novel that
to the word mayat. The translation result is accurate because the translator
transfers the meaning of the word subject in the source language text as
28
exactly as possible into the target language. The equivalence in this corpus
(p. 7)
TL: “Tidak diragukan lagi. Bagi ilmu kimia, penemuan ini sangat
we can see from the meaning. It is very easy to understand what the story
tells us about. The word tapi dari segi kegunaannya, is an additional word
clear and easily understand what is being interrupted, based in the context
text. The translation result in this corpus is clear, since the translator
renders the message of source language into the target language clearly.
laugh.” You might start a paper on those lines. Call it the „ police news of
22)
translation in translating this sentence. The phrase call it the in the source
text is translated into berilah judul in the target text. The word it in the
target text means to think about something and try to decide what is true or
what will happen. It is translated into berilah judul, which show a guessing
understand easily when they read the novel, but it is not increase the main
point in the Source Language (SL). in the target text above, there is an
there is an explanation after it. The translator used this technique because
there is no word or phrase in target language that can render the meaning
explanation in the target text is not specific and is not recognized in the
word “ehm….” To make the sentence more interactive, so the readers can
read it nicely. The phrase ehm….. is added in the target text because the
level.
7. SL: I laughed at this cross – examination.” I keep a bull pup,” I said,” and
I object to row because my nerves are shaken, and I get up at all sorts of
anak anjing Bulldog” kata saya, “saya tidak suka keributan, kegaduhan
karena saya jadi gemetar setiap kali mendengarnya. Saya bangun tidak
translation, he wants the readers understand well when they read the novel.
after it. The translator used this technique because there is no word or
phrase in target language that can render the meaning of word or phrase of
the source text simply and equivalently. The translation result in this
corpus is still unclear because the meaning of explanation in the target text
when they read the novel, but it is not increase the main point in the
translated into besar in the target text. The word besar is existed in
language which can represent the source language concept, because the
keterkejutan saya.” Sekarang saya tahu tentang hal itu dan saya akan
when they read the novel, but it is not increase the main point in the
33
the word mengganggu in the target language. But in the text above, it
the context of the text that is the novel dr Watson and Sherlock
showed that there was contrast, so that it is fine for the translator to
word annoyed. The meaning of the word annoyed in the sorce text can
situation.
The translator of the novel translated the word “At what address?”
translation, the phrase surat itu ditunjukan is added in the target text
letters – one addressed to. E. J. Debber and one joseph Strengson. The
context, and the situation of the conversation in novel that the subject
level.
C. Equivalent in Translation
think that baker said, the grammatical rules may vary across languages and this
may pose some problems in terms of finding a direct correspondence in the TL.
useful guidelines for the comprehension and analysis of the SL which can help
the translator in his or her attempt to method a cohesive and coherent text for
whether or not to maintain the cohesive ties as well as the coherence of the SL
35
text. Translator decision will be guided by three main factors, that is, the target
language audience, the purpose of the translation and the text type. The textual
as follows “Very right too” translated “Sangat positif” This example shows
/ kanan”, but in this example the word “right” was translated by “positif”. It is
used to make the readers more easily understand about the sentence.
writers think, the pragmatic equivalence make the result of translation easy to
A. Conclusion
only.
2. Those methods of translation are used by the translator to get the translation
B. Suggestion
1. For the translator, it is better to translate the source language into the target
2. The translators have to read a text first, understand it well before starting to
translate. They have to recognize what kinds of source text and what kind of
36
37
3. Hopefully the result of this study will be able to provide valuable information
Alwi, Hasan, dkk. Tata Bahasa Baku Bahasa Indonesia. Jakarta: Balai Pustaka,
2003.
Mc Guire, Susan Basnett. Translation Studies. London: Morruen & Co. Ltd, 1980
38
39
Nida, Eugene A. and Charles R. Taber. The Theory and Practice of Translation.
Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1982.
Salim, Peter and Yenny Salim. Kamus Bahasa Indonesia Kontemporer. Jakarta:
Modern English Press, 1996.