Penulisan Abstrak Bahasa Inggris
Abstrak dalam versi Bahasa Inggris harus ditulis dengan memenuhi kaidah penulisan Bahasa Inggris yang baik untuk
abstrak pada tulisan ilmiah. Kalimat-kalimat pada abstrak harus ditulis dengan tipe kalimat (tenses) yang sesuai.
Berikut adalah panduan tenses yang digunakan di dalam abstrak berserta contoh kalimatnya.
Type of Information
Giving backgrounddetails
Describing the research
activity
Describing the methods
Reporting results
Stating conclusions
Tenses Examples
The industry is already well known
Present tense for its efforts to improve the eco-
efficiency of its processes.
The study focused on 2 main areas.
Simple past tense,
The framework for life cycle
present perfect tense
analysis has been developed.
We carried out a series of field
Simple past tense (active tests.
or passive) A large number of samples were
tested for fracturing.
Results indicated that the problem
is even more serious than
Simple past tense previously predicted.
The third model proved to be more
durable than the other four.
Present tense
This indicates that there are, in
verbs indicating fact, several factors contributing to
tentativeness: is possible; the decrease.
is likely; appears; seems; It appears that the incidence of
might. human error cannot be eliminated
at any stage.
Modal auxiliary verbs: There might be a need for revising
can; may; could; might. the list of criteria within the next 5-
10 years.