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Documente Cultură
with the older generation. But in fact, the world's population is growing steadily
older. So the young are beginning to become aware of their responsibilities towards
the old again.
-> ignore (�����ϴ�), neglect (����ϴ�), have nothing in common with (...��
����a�� ���.)
3. ( ) ���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
���� ;�� ���� �״ȴ�. (hit, the, back)
@p41
19. all but
I was all but dead at that time. (���� �� ��: �ų� �������.)
Check Point
(1) (all but--> = (as good as--> = (almost-->�� (...�� ��� ����)=���ٸ.
(2) (all too--> = (only too--> (-> 38)�� (/�������Ե� ...) ��� ��.
The report is only too true. (�� ����� /�������Ե� ������.)
����: all but--(=all except)���� (...; f���� ���)��� �浵 �ִ�.
cf. All were there but him.
20. be sure to
John Is sure to win the game. (x: �и��� �� ���տ� ��� �����.)
Check Point
(1) (be sure to~)�� (��� ...�� �����)��� ��. = I am sure that John will
win the game. = It is certain that John will win the game.
(2) (be sum of~)�� (...; Ȯ���ϰ� �ִ�)��� ��8��, �� ���־Ǵ�; ��Ÿ����.
He is sure of winning. (�� ���״� �ڽڽ � � �Ŷ�� Ȯ���ϰ� �ִ�.) = He is sure that
he will win.
�ϱ�: be sure to = be certain to = be bound to
GRAMMAR CHECK A
1. ������ ��� �´� ��� � ( ) ȿ��� ���8�ÿ�.
��: ��� �� �����. They are (__) (__) (__).
@p43
GRAMMAR CHECK B
1. ������ �濡 �µ��� ( )���� �ܾ � 迭�Ͻÿ�.
��= �� ������ ��: ������ �ǵ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) The party was all but over when we arrived. = The party was (__) over when we
arrived.
(2) You are sure to pass the exam. = It is (__) that you (__) pass the exam.
(3) Cathy is sure that she will succeed. = Cathy is (__) (__) succeeding.
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) He to whom this emotion is a stranger, who can no longer pause to wonder and
stand rapt in awe, is as good as dead; his eyes are closed.
-> stand rapt in awe �ܰ� ɿ� ��; �Ұ� �ִ�.
(2) All too often when later in life you revisit scenes you have known and loved
as a child, you find that something strange has happened to them.
(3) "When a man is tired of London, he is tired of life; for there is in London
all that life can afford." Dr. Johnson's famous words, which are sure to be quoted
whenever the topic of London comes up for discussion, certainly suggest something
of the powerful charm which Britain's capital city exerts upon visitors.
-> quote �ο��ϴ�. exert charm upon ~; �ŷ��Ű��. capital city ��
( ) ���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
�� ��: ���� ������. (The task, is, as, done)
@p44
21. Make A (out) of B
We make lots of things out of paper. �츮�� ~��� ��: ��; �����.
Check point
(1) (make A (out) of B) �� (B '���'�� A�� �����)��� ��
(2) (make A from B)�� (B '���'�� A�� �����) = (make B into A) (B
'���'�� A�� �����)
Butter is made from milk. ���ʹ� ��ũ�� ��������. = Milk is made into
butter. ��ũ�� ���ͷ� ����ȴ�.
���: B�� ������ A�� ���� �ִ� ��쿡� �(out) of, ��� ��쿡� �from; ����.
22. have nothing to do with~
I have nothing to do with the affair. ���� �� �ϰ� �ƹ� ��谡 ���.
chock point
(have something (nothing) to do with~) �� (~�� � ��谡 �ִ�. '�ƹ� ��赵 ���')�
�� ��; ��Ÿ����.
(have much (little) to do with~) �� (~�� �ſ� ��谡 �ִ�. '���� ��谡 ���')��
� �߽ � Ÿ�����.
GRAMMAR CHECK A
������ �濡 �µ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) �� �߽� :� �ö�ƽ fǰ���. This toy's (__) (__) plastic.
(2) ����� �� ��׳ȹ � � ũ� � � � � ϰ� �ִ�.
She(__) a great deal to (__) (__) the project.
@p45
GRAMMAR CHECK B
��= �� ������ ��: ������ �ǵ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) They made the bridge out of stone. -> The bridge (__) (__) (__) stone.
(2) Wine is made from grapes. -> Grapes (__) (__) (__) wine.
(3) You have nothing to do with the accident. -> You (__) have (__) to do with the
accident.
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) It seems that we have more things made of plastic these days than of wood.
(2) At last, one evening early in January, 1980, my father said to me, "Well, son,
what are you going to make of your life?" I said I wanted to be a doctor.
(3) In the past 100 years we Americans have made ourselves the most comfortably
housed people on earth. Much of what we take for granted here would be unimaginable
luxury in other parts of the world. Our wealth of natural resources has had a great
deal to do with the development of the comforts we enjoy.
-> Much of what we take for granted (�츮�� �翬�� ����� ���� ��� �κ���) luxury
(��ġ) comforts (��Ȱ ���ǽü�)
( )���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
���� ��� ���� ��Ͱװ谡 ����. (little, do)
@p46
23 be supposed to~
You are supposed to clean the room. �ʴ� ��; û���� �ؾѴ�.
(1) (be supposed (expected) to ->�� ( ~�ϱ�� �Ǿ� �ִ�), (~���ؾѴ�), ��d��:
(~�� �� ���ؼȴ�) �����.
We are not supposed to spit here. ��� ħ; ���� � � �ȴ�.
(2) (come 'learn, get' to~)�� (~�ϰ� �Ǵ�)��� ��.
She came to live with her aunt. �� ��� ���� ��׳Ǿ��.
(3) (manage to~)�� (� �Ե� � �~�ؼϴ�)��� ��.
I managed to get to the station on time. ���� f �ð��� ���� �����ߴ�.
(4) (fail to ->�� (~���� ���ϴ�)��� ��.
I failed to be on time. ���� d�ÿ� �������� ���ߴ�.
(don't (never, cannot) fail to~)�� (��~ ��ݵϴ�)��� ��.
Never fail to come on time. = Be sure to come on time. = Come on time without
fail. � ��ݵd�ÿ� �Ͷ�.
GRAMMAR CHECK A
������ �濡 �´� ��� � ( ) ȿ��� ã8�ÿ�.
(1) ��: ���� ����ϰ� �Ǿ��. They (came, became) to hate each other.
(2) ��� ;��� �״Ű�� ���ߴ�. I (couldn't fail, failed) to keep my promise.
@p47
GRAMMAR CHECK B
��= �� ������ ��: ������ �ǵ��� ������ ��� � �� ÿ�.
(1) We are not supposed to smoke here. -> We ( must not, don't have to ) smoke
here.
(2) He managed to complete his homework. -> He completed his homework with (ease,
difficulty).
(3) She'll never fail to keep her words. -> I She is sure to (break, keep) her
words.
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) In spite of these insults he managed to keep his temper.
-> insult (������� ��) keep one's temper (ȭ�� ���� �ʴ�)
(2) After I had remained in any particular room for about a week, I found that. my
body came to know where things were located in the dark, and what movements were
likely to push me into a wall.
-> be located ('ġ�� �ִ�) what (���ϴ� know�� �����)
(3) All ignorance harms or hurts someone or something. No doubt there are times
when all of us fail to see why it should hurt to be ignorant, say, of foreign
languages. What possible difference can the ability to speak one or more of such
languages make to tomorrow's world?
-> why it should hurt to be ignorant (it: ����־, to be ignorant ���ϰ� ���)�־
say (����, ���� ���) make difference to (~�� ����; ��ġ��)
( )���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
(1) ����: �� ���� �Ͼ �� . (fail)
@p48
24 ����� + ����� + �����d��
I've never heard her speak ill of others. ���� �׳ � ������; �ϴ� ��; ��:
���� ���.
check point
(1) ��=�� ��: � ܾ ������� � Ѵ�.
#1 (����) : see, watch, look at, observe
#2 (���) : hear, listen to
#3 (�3���) : feel
#4 (�˾����) : find, notice, observe, perceive
(2) (����� + O + �����d��)�� (~�� ~�ϴ� ��;~)���� ��.
I(S) saw(V) him(O) talk(V) with her. ���� ����� ��װ � �׳ϴ� ��; ���Ҵ�.
���� : �� ����; ���·� �ϸ�, �����d��� to��d�߽ �ȴ�.
He was seen _to talk_ with her.
(3) (����� + O + ����л�)�� (~�� ~�ϰ� �ִ� ��;...)���� ��.
I saw him walking. (�� �װȰ� �ִ� ��; ���Ҵ�.)
(4) (����� + O +��źл�)�� (-�� ~�Ǵ� ��;......)���� ��
I heard my name called. (�� ����� �Ҹ���� ��; ����.)
��� : SVOC���� ����(C)�� �Ǵ� ������: O�� C�� ��谡 ������ ��źл�,
�ɵ����� ������ ~�� �濡 ��� �����d��/to��d��/����л� �� �ϳ��� �ȴ�.
GRAMMAR CHECK A
������ �濡 �µ��� ( ) ���� �ܾ � 迭�Ͻÿ�
(1) ���� ���� ��߽� ��ִ� ��; �2���. I (shaking, ground, felt, the).
(2) ����Ʈ�� �� ���濡 ��߽�� � � ; ���Ҵ�. Kate (room, them, enter, the, saw).
@p49
GRAMMAR CHECK B
��= ������ ( )���� � ܾ � ��ٽ
�� � ٲ8�� �ٸÿ�
(1) They noticed her (wait) for Bill. (� �׳: � � �; ���� �ٸ��� �ִٴ
�˾�� � ȴ � .)
(2) 1 listened to the sonata (play) on the piano. (���� �� �ҳ�Ÿ�� �ǾƳ��
���ֵǴ� ��; ����.)
(3) She was seen (cry) by her friends. (� ���׳ģ����: �׳ � ����; ���Ҵ�.)
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1)Suddenly he heard a noise above him and felt a little creature settle on his
hand.
-> settle (�ɴ�)
(2)The leaf will be seen to open and close as night and day succeed each other,
and to change its angle as it follows the sun across the sky.
-> succeed (�յ��)
(3) Man has always dreamed of flying. He has seen leaves carried into the air by
the wind. He has seen birds gliding in the air and watched butterflies flying from
one place to another.
(4) 1 see its snow-white feathers, its short, terribly competent legs stretched
out behind; but, except for my vision, I would not be aware of its presence.
-> terribly competent (������ /����), vision (�÷�), except for = but for =
with out (~�� ��)�ٸ
@p50
( ) ���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
1. ���� � �� �װȣ�˾� �� �ڿ� ���� �ִٴҴ� . (find) (7�ܾ� )
@p50
25 ���� + ����� + �л�
I saw him caught by the police. ���� ���� �� ������ ���� �װҴ � .
check point
(1) SVOC�� ����: O�� C�� (��־+���)�� ��谡 �ȴ�. ����Ǵ��л��O�� C����
谡 ������ ��źл�, �ɵ����� ����л߽ �ȴ�.
Keep the door closed. (���� �����: ���� ���) ��; �� �ݾμ���.
He kept me waiting long. (���� �����ٸ: �ɵ��� ���) � �7� ���� �״
ߴ� ���� ����ٸ. �
(2) �л ߽ � ��������ϴ� �ֿ� ����
#1 ��źл�: make, keep, leave, think, want, see
Can you make yourself understood in French? ���: �Ҿ�� �ǻ ߽ � ������ �ֽ4ϱ�?
#2 ����л�: keep, leave, see
We mustn't keep them waiting. �츮�� �� ; ��ٸ��� �ؼ � �� ���ȴ�.
(3) (find + ����� + ����л�)
I awoke to find myself lying on the sofa. ��; ������ ���� ���Ŀ� ���� �
��־.
GRAMMAR CHECK A
������ �濡 �µ��� ( )���� �ܾ � 迭�Ͻÿ�.
(1) �� � �˼� �ٸ��� �ؼմϴ� . I'm sorry to (waiting, you, have kept).
(2) ��� �״f�� ��; ����� ��: ä�� ��ξ��.He (door, left, the, unlocked)
last night.
@p51
GRAMMAR CHECK B
��= ������ ( ) ���� � ܾ � �� �ٲٽ8�� � ٸÿ�.
(1) I would like the eggs (boil). (���; ���8�� �p �ڴ.)
(2) Never leave the water (run). (��; ��� Ʋ���: ä�� ����� ����.)
(3) She soon found (her) enjoying the travel. (����� ;���� ���׳�� �� �ڽڽ
��=; �˾Ҵ�.)
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) You should not again leave us unwritten to for a month.
(2) All the members of the family did the various jobs necessary to keep the home
going.
(3) People who travel to foreign countries often have trouble in making themselves
understood when they can only speak one language.
(4) My mother encouraged me in my painting but never lived to see any of my works
exhibited in public.
-> to see (��� ǥ�� ��d��), exhibit (����ϴ�)
(5) He began writing, in prison, the brilliant stories that were destined to make
his name honored and loved wherever the English language is spoken. It is quite
probable that he would never have written at all if he hadn't been sent to prison.
-> be destined to~ = be bound to ... (~�ϱ� �������.)
( ) ���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
�� ��� ���״� �ڱ��ڽڽӿ��� �ɾ� ��=; �߰� ��(�ܾ�7) . �ߴ (find, darkness)
@p52
26 �߽� ���+ ����� + �����d��
They made us do the work) all day. ��: �츮���� �Ϸ�~�� �� ��; ����״.
check point
(1) �߽� ���(~���� ~��Ű��)�� SVOC�� ����; ���Ѵ�.
#1 make, let, have, bid ���� ����� �����d�߽ �ȴ�.
We made him do the job.
����: ���·� �ϸ� �����d��� to��d�߽ �ȴ�.
He was made to do that.
��, let, have�� ���·� �� �� ���.
#2 #1����� �߽� ��� (get, cause ��)�� ����� to��d��.
We got him to clean up the room.
(2) have, get: (��; ���� ~�ϰ� �ϴ�)�� ��.
I had her sweep the yard.
=1 got her to sweep the yard.
(3) (have + ����� + �����d��)���� ��; ���ϴ� ����� �ִ�.
She had her only son die. �ܾ� ��׳Ƶ�; �Ҿ��.
����: Let me~ �� (f�� ~�ϰ� �� �ּ���)�� ��. Let me have a try. f�� ��
�� ���غԿ�.
����: make�� (��f�� ~�ϴ�) let: (����ϴ�) (~�ϰ� �ϴ�) have, get: ��f��
d���� ���ϴ�. bid cause �� ��ü��
GRAMMAR CHECK A
������ �濡 �´� ��� � �� ÿ�.
(1) ��� ;�� �� ������� ��׳ų �����. She will make you ( do, to do ) the
work.
(2) �� �ҽĿ� ���״� ��½ �پ. The news caused me (jump, to jump).
@p53
GRAMMAR CHECK B
������ �濡 �µ��� ( ) ���� �ܾ � 迭�Ͻÿ�.
(1) �� ��=; ��� �ִ� �� �ٲ: �ƹ��͵� ���. Nothing (my, me, can, make, change,
mind).
(2) ���ƿ8� �˷� �ֽʽÿ�. Please (know, when, let, you, me, return).
(3) ���� ��׳信 �� ��� �ߴ� �;��� ; � �. She (help, made, to, them, was).
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) English is much more regular in spelling than the traditional criticisms would
have us believe.
(2) Do not let those great possibilities to practice and improve your language
ability pass. Each time you talk with a foreigner, even a few words, you are much
closer than before to your goal of becoming a good English speaker.
(3) The words my friend had written made me see clearly that when I had fallen
short in the past, it was seldom because I had tried and failed. It was usually
because I had let fear of failure stop me from trying at all.
-> fall short (��ġ�� ���ϴ�, �����ϴ�), fear of failure (������ �η�),
at all (v�����)
( ) ���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
���� �׳ฦ ���� ��; �߽�ϰ� �(�ܾ�6) . �ߴ (to, cook fish)
@p54
27 have+ ����� + ��źл�
She had the box carried inside.
�8�� ��� � ڸ �� � ����� ��׳ϰ� �ߴ�.
ckeck point
(1) have, get (~�ϰ� �ϴ�)�� f 5����8�� ������ ������ ��谡 ������ ��
��� ��źл ߽ �ȴ�.
I had (got) the door mended. (���� ��ȴ�: ��) ���� ��; ���ϰ� �ߴ�.
cf. I had him mend the door. (���� �װѴ�: �ɵ�) = 1 got him to mend the door.
���� ���� ��; ���ϰ� �ߴ�.
(2) (have (get) + O + ��źл�)���� ��; ��Ÿ���� ����� �ִ�.
He had (got) his purse stolen. (���� �������ϴ�) ���� ;�� �״ϸ¾Ҵ�.
cf. I got my wrist broken. ���� �ո��� �η�s��.
(3) (have (get) + O + ����л�) = (~; ~�ϰ� �ϴ�.)
I won't have you smoking. (have = allow) �� ߽�� �װǿ�� ����� �ʰ�ڴ.
I got the video working. (* get = start) ���� ���8� �۵�����״.
GRAMMAR CHECK A
������ �濡 �µ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) ���� �׳�� ���ڸ� �ٶȴ�. She had her hat (__) off.
(2) ���� �4� ��ħ �� �������״. I got my car (__) this morning.
@p55
GRAMMAR CHECK B
������ �濡 �µ��� ( ) ���� �ܾ � 迭�Ͻÿ�.
(1) ���� ��� ���; �ߴ�. (hair, just, I, cut, had, have, my).
(2) ��� ���: ��Ÿ�� ���Ҵ�. (down, house, burned, had, they, their).
(3) ���� �� ��ȹ; ��ʹ� ��ٲ. (changed, the, get, to, plan, like, I'd).
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) He and his wife had two female relatives staying with them during the summer.
(2) We had visiting us at this time a nervous first cousin of mine named John
Smith, who believed that he was likely to cease breathing when he was asleep.
-> first cousin (ģ����) cease breathing (ȣ���� �ܴ� )
(3) The period between twenty and thirty years of age is the most important of all
learning periods. If you do not get the required study you need for your future
work accomplished during these years, you will more than likely not get it done at
all.
-> get�� ������ the required~future work����. more than likely = very likely
(~�� ���ɼ��� �ſ� ���)
( ) ���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
���ϱ��� �� ������ ;�� �� �װϰ�ڴ. (have, done)
@p56
28 ����, �<�, ������ will
He will have his own way. �� ���=�� �״� �ڱϷp� �Ѵ�.
check point
(1) will�� �������� �� �ؾ
#1 (�� ~�Ϸp� ���� �ʴ�)��� ��. (����, ����)
#2 (will not~): (������ ~�Ϸp� ���� �ʴ�)��� ��. (����)
The door will not open. ���� ������ ������ �ʴ´�.
#3 (~�ϴ� ������ �ִ�)��� ��. (�<�, ����)
She will often sit in the sun for hours.
#4 (~�� �����)�� ��. (����, ��d)
(2) shall�� will
#1 �� �� ���� ��Ÿ����, (�� ~�� �����)�� ��.
I shall(=will) never forget your kindness.
#2 2, 3��Ī�� �����־, ȭ���� ����. (~���� ~�ϰ� �ϴ�) (����)
You shall have this watch. = I will give you this watch.
She shall start soon. = I will make her start soon.
(3) may�� ��ġ�Ǿ� �� ���־տ����4���8�����;��Ÿ����.
May you be happy! �ε� �ູ�� ϱ⸦!
GRAMMAR CHECK A
������ �濡 �µ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) �⸧: ���� ���. Oil (__) float on water.
(2) ���� �Ͼ�� � ��� . Accidents (__) happen.
@p57
GRAMMAR CHECK B
��= ������� ��: ���� �ǵ��� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1)You shall have my answer soon. -> (__) (__) (__) you my answer soon.
(2) She shall pay you what she owes you. -> (__) (__) (__) her pay you what she
owes you.
(3) I wish you success. -> (__) you succeed!
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) Some people will be killed in driving accidents so long as there are cars on
the roads.
-> so long as (~�� ��(=if))
(2) This is our prayer for John and Jane. May the couple live a happy and a
prosperous life in the years to come.
(3) Being at a university is a very strange mode of existence, quite different
from anything the student will have experienced before, and from anything he is
likely to encounter afterwards.
-> mode of existence (x����), encounter (�쿬� �������) will: ����, ��d��
will. must�� ��: ��.
( ) ���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
������ ������ ���� �� �״Ϸp� ���� �ʴ´�. (won't)
@p58
29 would~
I would often go skating on the lake. ���� ȣ��� ������Ʈ�� Ÿ�� ���� �
ߴ�.
check point
(1) would�� �������� �� �ؾ
#1 ����� �0�; ��Ÿ����. (����~�ϰ� �ߴ�)��� ��.
#2 ����� ����; ��Ÿ����. (�� ~�Ϸp� �ߴ�)��� ��.
He would let me help him. �� �״ �
Ե� � � � � � � ���� ������.
#3 (would not~): ����� ���� (������ ~�Ϸp� ���� �ʾҴ�)
She would not change her mind. �׳�� ������ ���; �ٲٷp� ���� �ʾҴ�.
(2) (used to~)�� ('��������' ���� ~�ϰ� �ߴ�. ����� ~����)��� ��;
��Ÿ����.
We used to talk over a cup of coffee. ����� ���� Ŀ�Ǹ� ���ø鼭 ��߱ ⸦ �����
��.
There used to be a hut about here. ��� �� �α��뿡 �5θ��� ���־.
���: used to~�� ����� ������� ����)~��������( �ؼϴ� �� ����,
would�� �ܼ��� � 0� ����� ;�ݺŸ����.
* (used to+����)�� (be used to + ��� ���)�� ȥ������ �ʵ��� ����
GRAMMAR CHECK A
������ �濡 �µ��� �� ĭ�� would, used to�� �ϳ��� ��8�ÿ�.
�������� �Ͽ��Ͽ� ��ȸ�� ����µ� ���� �ʰ� �ߴ�.
(1) I (__) go to church on Sundays, but (2) (__) often be late for it.
@p59
GRAMMAR CHECK B
������ �濡 �µ��� ( ) �ȿ� �´� �ܾ �� ���.
(1) ���� ���Ļ� �Ŀ��� ��å; �ϰ� �ߴ�. I ( ) take a walk after dinner.
(2) �� ��� ��׳ξ� �Ƹ����. She is much more beautiful than she (__) (__) (__).
(3) ��� �� ������ �״ �� ������ ���� �ʾҴ�. He (__) (__) listen to me.
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) Some time ago I was in an Indian airport at the baggage counter, trying to re-
claim my bags. But I had no Indian currency left, and the agent would not take a
traveler's check.
-> re-claim (��ȯ; �߽�ϴ�), currency (��ȭ, ȭ��), traveler's check (������
��ǥ)
(2) This ideal used to be called "democracy," and still sometimes is, but it seems
to be becoming apparent to more and more people that, although there is a great
deal of what is called democracy about, there is little, if any, of that fair
distribution
-> apparent (�����), What is Called (�����), if any (���� �ִ� �ϴ��)
(3) Archimedes was the last man to say that anything was impossible. He took great
delight in working out hard problems, and when any question puzzled him, he would
keep studying until he found some sort of answer to it.
-> Archimedes (�Ƹ�Ű� �
' �������� ��������'), the last man to say (~���
���� ����� ���� �ƴϴ�), take delight in~ (~; ��ſ� �ϴ�), work out (�
��ذϴ�), puzzle (¿¿�Ű� �ϴ�), it = question
@p60
30 would like to~
I would like to go skiing. ���� ��Ű�� Ÿ�� ���� �ʹ�.
check point
(1) (would like to~) (~�ϰ� �ʹ�)�� want to~ ���� ����� ǥ��.
(2) (would like to~)�� (~�� ~�� �8�� �� ־p �� ���)�ڴ.
I would like you to come at four. (want to ���� �����)
31 have lonly to~
You have only to meet her. �ʴ� �׳ฦ �����⸸ �ϸ � �ȴ � .
check point
(1) (have only to~)�� (~�ϱ⸸ �ϸ� �ȴ�)��� ��; ��Ÿ����. = All you have to
do is (to) sit here.
(2) (have to~) = (must~) = (have got to~) (����)�� (~�� �߸ؾѴ�)
(don't have to~) = (need not~) = (don't need to~) �� (~�� �ʿ߽ � �� )
GRAMMAR CHECK A
������ �濡 �µ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) ���ڻ� ��ȭ�ϰ� �ͽ4ϴ�. I would (__) (__) talk to Dr. Kim.
(2) �ʴ� ��θ� ������ �ϸ� �ȴ�. You (__) (__) (__) study hard.
@p61
GRAMMAR CHECK B
��: ������ �ǵ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) You don't have to pay the money. -> It is not ( ) for you (__) pay the money.
(2) He has only to take care of the child. -> (__) he has (__) take care of the
child.
(3) I want her to see the film. -> I'd (__) (__) (__) see the film.
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) With your permission, I'd like to explain to you our line of business.
-> line of business (��~)
(2) You can't spell in this way. Spellers have got to get it all right, letter by
letter. The task facing you as a speller is far more complex than that facing you
as a reader.
-> facing = that faces you (����� �����), complex (������)
(3) If I have a donkey to trade, for example, I must search not only for a man who
wants a donkey, but also for one who has something to trade that I would like to
acquire, and we must then agree on a swap rate.
-> trade (��ȯ�ϴ�), acquire (���), swap rate (��ȯ2)
( ) ���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
���; ���� ��θ� ������ �ϸ� �ȴ�. (only, to)
@p62
32 had better~
You had better stay at home. �ʴ� �� �ִ� ���� �p �ڴ.
check point
(1) (had better + ����) (~�ϴ� ���� ����)��� ��; ��Ÿ���� ���v��
ǥ���� �. -���� ���� �ʴ´�. = (may as well~)
= You may as well stay at home.
��d��: had better not
You had better not stay at home. �ʴ� �� ��� ���� �p �ڴ.
(had best~) (~�ϴ� ���� ���� �t�)
(2) (would(had) rather + ����) : (��� ~�ϰ� �ʹ�)��� ��; ��Ÿ����.
I would rather go out. ���� �����ϰ� ���� �ʴ�.
��d��: would rather not
I would rather not go out. ���� �����ϰ� ���� �ʴ�.
(would rather A (than B) ) = (would sooner A (than B)) = (would as soon A (as B))
(B�ϴ4� ��� �ٴA�ϰ� �ʹ�)
GRAMMAR CHECK A
������ �濡 �µ��� ( )���� �ܾ � 迭�Ͻÿ�.
(1) �ʴ� �� ��; ���� �ʴ� �� �p �ڴ. You (better, not, had, say) such a
thing.
(2) �� ���� ������ �״ʾҴ�. I (not, see, rather, would) him.
(3) ��� �Կ��ϴ� ���� ����ڴ. You (rather, go, had to, the ) hospital.
@P63
GRAMMAR CHECK B
��= �� ������ ��: ������ �ǵ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) ���� ����� �� �� �ڴp �ڴ.
I may as well go to bed. -> I (__) (__) go to bed.
(2) �ʿ� ��ȥ�ϴ4� ��� ��װڴ.
I would sooner die than marry you! -> I (__) (__) die than marry you!
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) I meant to be prompt, but it never occurred to me that I had better try to be
early. My idea was to slide into the room at the last moment.
-> meat = intended, prompt (�ż���), occur to (��� '=strike')
(2) As I am well aware of the limitations of a man's memory, an I would rather
hope that in the future a computer might replace the courts or judges in the field
of law.
-> replace (��ü�ϴ�)
(3) 1 took with me three pairs of shoes and a leather briefcase and spent an hour
slathering them with a creamy leather polish. Polishing leather is one of the many
things I'd rather do than garden on a nice spring day.
-> slather (£�� � )���ٸpolish (����f) garden (�� �ϴ�)
( ) ���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
�����: ���� �� �ƴ� ���� �p �ڴ. (�ܾ� ) (had, acquainted)
@p64
33 may well~
He may well be proud of his car. ���װ � �ڱ � �� �ڶϴ� �͵� �翬�ϴ�.
check point
(1) (may well~ ): (~�ϴ� �͵� �翬�ϴ�)��� ��.
He may well say so.
= He has good reason to say so.
= It is natural(no wonder) that he should say so. � � � ��� ���װϴ� �͵� �翬
�ϴ�.
(2) (may as well~) = (had better~) (~�ϴ� ���� ����)
You may as well keep your promise. ���: ���� ���� �t�.
(might as well~)�� ���� ��: ���� �ϰ��� ǥ��.
(3) (may as well A as B) (B�ϴ4� ��� �ٴA�ϴ� ���� ����)
You may as well not do it at all as do it imperfectly. ���߰� ��ϰ� �ҰŶ��
���� �ʴ� ���� ����.
* (might as well A as B)�� ���� ��: ��.
����: may well���� (�翬�ϴ�)�� �� �ܿ��� (~�� ���ɼ��� ���) (=be very
likely to)�� �浵 �ִ�.
cf. It may well be that the train is delayed.
GRAMMAR CHECK A
������ �濡 �µ��� ( )���� �ܾ � 迭�Ͻÿ�.
(1) You may well say so. -> You have (__) (__) to say so.
(2) She had better stay with us. -> I She (__) (__) (__)stay with us.
@p65
GRAMMAR CHECK B
��ĭ�� may well, may as well �� �ϳ��� ��8�ÿ�.
(1) ���Դ� �ƹ� ���� ���� �ʴ� �� ��; ���� �.
We (__) tell him nothing.
(2) ����� ���� ȭ�� ���� �͵� �翬�ϴ�.
You (__) get angry with him.
(3) ����� ����� å; ��; �Ŷ�� ��ڴ� ���� ���ڴ.
I (__) go to bed as read such a boring book.
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) Since there are so many places of interest in Paris, you may well complain of
your limited time.
-> places of interest = interesting places, complain of (�����ϴ�), limited
(f�ѵ�)
(2) The cottage is about one hundred years old, so we may as well pull it down and
build a new one.
-> pull~down (ö���ϴ�)
(3) Don't despise the opinions of the world ; you might as well say you do not
care for the light of the sun because you can use a candle.
-> despise (����ϴ�), care for = like
(4) There is one fact that you may as well face now, namely, that the easiest
things are rarely the best for you. Trouble has been one of the great blessings to
mankind.
-> namely (��), blessing (:��, � �ູ)
( ) ���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
�ʴ� �� ��8�� ���ư��� �� �p �ڴ. (may, once)
@p66
34 might as well~as
I might as well die as marry him. �� ����� �ڿȥ�ϴ4� ����� ���� �״.
check point
(1) ( might as well as~)�� (~�ϴ4� ~�ϴ� ���� ����)��� ��.
(2) (would rather~than ... ) (...�ϴ� �ͺ���~ ��� �ٴϰ� �ʹ�)��� ��.
I would rather drown than starve.
= I might as well drown as starve. �����4 ��ͻ� �״ϴ� �� ����ڴ.
* (would rather~than ... ) = (would sooner~than ... ) = (would as soon~as ... )
���
'/��ǥ�� ��=' Ȯ���ϰ� �������.
#1 may (might) well~ (~�ϴ� �͵� �翬�ϴ�)
=have good reason to~
It's natural (no wonder) that~(should) ...
#2 may (might) as well = had better (~�ϴ� ���� ����)
#3 might (may) as well A as B (B�ϴ4� A�ϴ� ���� ����)
= would (had) rather (sooner) A than B = would (had) as soon A as B
#4 would (had) rather (��� ~�ϰ� �ʹ�)
GRAMMAR CHECK A
������ �濡 �µ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
�뿹� ���4� ����� ���� �״.
I might (__) (__) die as live in slavery.
I would (__) die (__) live in slavery.
I would (__) (__) die as live in slavery.
@p67
GRAMMAR CHECK B
������ �濡 �µ��� ( ) ���� �ܾ � 迭�Ͻÿ�.
(1) ���� ���ϴ� �ͺ��� �� �� �ٴt�. I (swim, than, sooner, run, would).
(2) ���ϴ4� ����� ���� �״. We (well, die, as, as, surrender, might).
(3) �4� ���4� ���� �ʴ� ���� ����ڴ. I (go, go, not, than, rather, would,
today).
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) You might just as well throw your money into the river as lend it to him.
(2) You might as well reason with the wolf as try to persuade him.
-> reason with (�����ϴ� '=persuade')
(3) The happiest men I know are those who approach their work as if it were their
hobby, something to be done for the sheer fun of it, not for the money. These lucky
people don't have to escape from their work; they escape into it. Actually, they'd
rather be working than not working.
-> for the sheer fun of it (������ ���� ��ſ� ������)
(4) One might as well try to stop the progress of a mighty railroad train by
throwing one's body across the track, as try to stop the growth of the world in the
direction of giving mankind more intelligence, more prosperity, and more liberty.
-> track (����), in the direction of (...�� ����8��), prosperity (�)�ݿ
( ) ���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
�� ���� ���4� ȥ����� �� ���� �ڼ. (might, by)
@p68
35 may have + ��źл�
She may have been ill. � �� ;���� ��׳ �.�
check point
may (~���� �),� must (~�ӿ� Ʋ�����), cannot (~�� ���� ���) (������
���) ���� ����; ���ϴ� v������ �Ϸ���: ����� ����; ��Ÿ����.
(may have + ��źл�) �� (...��;�� �)� ��� ��.
He may be ill. � ������ �״ �� .
He may have been ill. � �� ;���� �״ �.�
(must have + ��źл�)�� (...��=�� Ʋ�����)��� ��.
He must be ill. ���� �״°� Ʋ�����.
He must have been ill. � �� �ʹ��� �״Ʋ�����.
(cannot have + ��źл�)�� (...��; ���� ���)��� ��.
He cannot be ill. ���� ���� ���� �״.
He cannot have been ill. ���� ���� ;���� �״.
���: v������ �8�� �� �� ��ڿ������ � ۿǷ�, (have + ��źл�)�� �ռ�
��f�� ��Ÿ����. �Ϸ��d��, �Ϸᵿ��߽ � :� ��.
GRAMMAR CHECK A
������ �濡 �µ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) � ��;�� �߸� ��� ��׳ �.� She (__) (__) (__) a wrong bus.
(2) ���� ���� ;�� ;����� �װ. You (__) (__) (__) a lie.
(3) ��� �츮�� ��⸦ ���=�� Ʋ�����. Sally (__) (__) (__) us.
@p69
GRAMMAR CHECK B
��= ������ �� ĭ�� �´� ��� � ã8 �ÿ .
(1) Since he doesn't answer the phone, he (__) out of town. (must have been, must
be)
(2) I (__) the book, but I hardly remember I have. (can borrow, can have borrowed,
may have borrowed)
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) I returned home very late last night. It must have been an hour after
midnight.
(2) Prehistoric man may have had as much brain power as has the man of today. Yet
modern man seems to make more material progress in a year's time than his primitive
ancestors made in thousands of years.
-> prehistoric man (����ô���), brain (���), make progress (���ϴ�),
material (��������)
(3) Only a few decades ago it might have seemed that physics, which had just
placed nuclear energy at man's disposal, was the dangerous branch of science, while
biology, which underlay improvements in medicine and also helped us to understand
our dependence on the natural environment, was the beneficial branch.
-> place~ at man's disposal (�ΰ��� ��=��� ó���� �� �ְ� �ϴ�), branch
(�а�), underlay~underlie (~�� ���ʰ� �Ǵ�)�� �����), beneficial (/����)
( )���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
��� ;�� �״: �� Ʋ�����. (lose)
@p70
36 should have + ��źл�
You should have come earlier. ���; �� ���� �Ծ�� �ߴ�.
check point
#1 (should have + ��źл�) = (ought to have + ��źл�)�� (~� ߴ� ��µ� '��f��
���� �ʾҴ�')��� ��; ��Ÿ����. = You ought to have come earlier.
#2 (need not have + ��źл�)�� (~�� �ʿ�� ���µ� '�ϰ� ���Ҵ�')��� ��;
��Ÿ����.
He need not have come so early. � ��� �� ���� ���״ʿ ߽ � �� µ�.
���: hoped, expected, intended, wished, wanted, was(were) � �Ϸ��d�߽ �4� ��
쿡� ����� �Ұ����ߴ� ��; ��Ÿ����.
He hoped to have gone abroad. �ܿ�ؿ� �����⸧ �ٶ ܿ ������� �� ���״.
(had hoped to + ����)�� ��: ���� �ȴ�.
����: ought to�� ��d��: ought not to (=shouldn't)
GRAMMAR CHECK A
������ �濡 �µ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) ��f�߽� ��� ��ȭ�� �þ�� �ߴµ�. I (__) (__) (__) the film last night.
(2) ���� ��� �� ����� �ʿ�� ���µ�. You (__) not (__) (__) him everything.
(3) �� ��: ���� �� ��־ϴµ�. This work (__) (__) (__) (__) done.
@p71
GRAMMAR CHECK B
������ �濡 �µ��� ( ) ���� �ܾ � 迭�Ͻÿ�.
(1) ���� �� ��; ���� ���Ҿ�� �(���� �ܾ�1) . �ߴ I (my, not, sold, house,
should).
(2) �ʴ� {�� ����� ߴ� ��µ�. (1�ܾ� ���� ) You (careful, more, to, been,
have).
(3) ī�� ���� �� �ʿ�� ���µ�. (1�ܾ� ���� ) You (your, not, brought, have,
camera).
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) The sea is as calm as a lake. We needn't have worried about being seasick.
-> calm (�����), worry about~ (~; ��d�ϴ�), seasick (��̸ֹ � � ϴ� )
(2) Even if I carry the letter in my hand I am always past the first pillar-box
before I remember that I ought to have mailed it.
-> pillar-box ('��������' ��ü��)
(3) You ought to have sent the letter by special delivery. You should have taken
into account recent delay in mail delivery.
-> by special delivery (�Ӵ�), take~into account~ (~; ����ϴ�), delay (��,
��ü)
(4) Joe rubbed Beauty's legs and chest, and gave him some water to drink. But Joe
did not know that he should have covered him with warm blankets, and given him hot
food instead of cold water.
-> rub (���)��ٵ, Beauty (���� ���) blanket (���)
( )���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
�ʴ� ��� ���� ���Ҿ�� �ߴµ�. (should)
@p72
37 have been~ing
It has been raining for two, days. ��Ʋ���� �� ��� ������ �ִ�.
check point
(1) ����Ϸ� ������ (have been~ing): ���; ��Ÿ����.
It has rained. �� ���ȴ�. (�Ϸ�)
It has been raining. ��� �� ������ �ִ�. (���)
����: ���¸� ��Ÿ���� ����(live, know, want ��)�� (have +
��źл�)��8�� ���; ��Ÿ����.
We have known each other for three years.
(2) ��ſϷ�(had + ��źл�)�� #1 ����� ��� ��a������ �Ϸ�, ����, ���
#2 ������ ���� ���� ��� �ٸź��� ���� ���(����)�� ��Ÿ����.
#1 He had been there before. �� �� �״ű � ����� ���־.
#2 I lost the watch Father had given me. ���� �ƹ��� �� �ð ߽ �Ҿ��ȴ�.
* lost���� had given���� ���� ���� ���.
����: ������ �8 �� ����� and, but ��; b���� ���� ������ ��
����� �ִ�� ��ſϷ�� �� �ʿ�� ���.
Father bought me a watch, and I lost it.
GRAMMAR CHECK A
������ �濡 �µ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) ��� ;���� ��� ���ݱϰ� �4� ־ϱ�? What (__) (__) (__) (__) all this while?
(2) �� �Ҽ�: ��� �ǹ�8�� ������־. The novel was more interesting than I (__)
(__).
@p73
GRAMMAR CHECK B
�� ĭ�� �´� ��� � �� ÿ�.
(1) When they (__) married for six years, a sad thing happened. (were, were
being, have been, had been)
(2) I (__) for two hours when he turned up. (was waiting, had been waiting, have
been waiting, have waited)
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) He also had to accumulate a fortune. So he had made a career as a merchant
from which he was able to retire in his early forties.
-> accumulate (�����ϴ�), fortune (���), retire (:���ϴ�)
(2) From my upstairs bedroom window I could see in the garden of the house next
door the same pair of cocker spaniels who had been serving as my second alarm clock
at six every morning
-> cocker spaniel (��Ŀ, ���дϾ� '���� ��~')
(3) Such parks were developed largely out of the Victorian's concern for reform, a
concern that was goaded by the frequently appalling living conditions of the many
citizens who had been drawn to urban centers by the Industrial Revolution.
-> largely (�ַ�), concern (���), goad (���ڱϴ�), appalling (������,
�Ҹ���ġ��)
( )���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
���� ��� ����� �� 10���� �Ǿ��. (ten years)
@p74
���дɷ½��߽� �������
Check Your Structure Power
�Ʒ��� passage��: '96�г ���дɷ� ���� ����ι� ���f�߽ � ���structure
��; d���� ���Դϴ�.
1. Black obtains local authority approval and gets your extension built with a
guarantee of
satisfaction. ('96 ���15��)
Note: get~builit -> structure 27
2. Do you have a little brother or sister who listens to commercials on
television and then tries to get your mother to buy every product he or she has
seen advertised. ('96 ��� 20��)
Note: get A to do B -> structure 26
3. Out in the backyard I am taking advantage of this beautiful morning. And I
think nowhere have I seen skies as blue as those of my village. Looking upward, I
can see skies splashed with cotton white clouds. ('96 ��� 31��)
Note: nowhere have I seen~ -> structure153 / those of -> structure 15 /
see~splashed -> Structure 25
4. If the painting you looked at was a seascape, you may have liked it because
the dark colors and enormous waves reminded you of the wonderful memories you had
in your hometown! ('96 ��� 30��)
Note: may have liked -> Structure 35
@75
WORD POWER
crop
praise
element
curiosity
delight
acquire
species
distinctive
identify oneself with
regardless of
specific
colonize
superstition
survive
intellectual
egoistic
sacrifice
revolutionary
apology
deny
usher in
routine
advertisement
publicity
biography
fiction
reputation
prey on
creature
contradiction
put~into practice
inaccuracy
vary
efficiency
proceed
plead
threaten
get nowhere with
steep
meditation
conviction
detective
walk of life
status
unsparing
underestimate
vital
unintelligible
inimitable
ignore
neglect
take~for granted
competent
cease
prosperous
apparent
distribution
work out
complex
prompt
replace
despise
blessing
persuade
sheer
material
primitive
ancestor
underlie
beneficial
accumulate
career
appalling
urban
@p78
38 too ... to~
I was too tired to speak. ���� �ʹ� �ǰ������ �� ���� �ؼ.
Check Point
(1) (too ... to~)�� (�ʹ� ... ���� ~�� �� ���) ��� ��
= (so ... that + S + cannot~ ) ->125
#1 = 1 was so tired that I couldn't speak.
#2 ��d�翡 �ǹǹ ��� �־ � ִ ����
This book is too difficult for me to read.
= This book is so difficult that I can't read it.
�� å: ���Դ� �ʹ� ��� ��; �� ���.
#3 ��d���� ���� ������ �ߺ � ���� ־Ǵ� ��쿡� ���ȴ�.
This coffee is too bitter for me to drink(__).
= This coffee is so bitter that I can't drink _it_.
�� Ŀ�Ǵ� �ʹ� �Ἥ ���� �� ���.
* ��, be���� ����� ���忡���� ������ �ʴ´�.
He _walks_ too fast for me to catch up with him. ������ ���� �ʹ� ��=�� �״
���ϰ�ڴ.
(2) (be only too happy (glad) to~)�� (�ſ� �Ⲩ�� ~�ϴ�)��� ��.
I'll be only too (=very) glad to go with you. �Ⲩ�� �����ϰ4 ڽڽϴ�.
GRAMMAR CHECK A
������ �濡 �µ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) �� ��: ������� ���� � ʹ� '���ϴ�. This place is (kids, play, too,
dangerous, in, to, for).
(2) �� �ҽ�; ��� �ſ� ���ڴ. I am (to, too, hear, glad, only) the news.
@p79
GRAMMAR CHECK B
��= ����; (__) ���� ��ÿ� ��� ���� �ٲÿ�.
(1) Tim was too tired to study any longer. (����8��)
(2) The fur coat was so expensive that she was unable to buy it. (�ܹ� 8��)
(3) The math questions are too difficult for us to solve. (����8��)
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) She looked at the food, but she put the plate away. She was too upset to eat.
-> put~away (...; ġ���), upset (�ɶ���)
(2) The chains of habit are generally too small to be felt till they are too
strong to be broken.
-> the chains of habit (�0��� �罽), break the habit (�0�; ���)
(3) I am no longer too embarrassed to ask people for directions, but I often
receive extremely confusing replies and I am no more likely to get to my
destination than I was if I had not stopped to ask the way.
-> embarrassed (��Ȳ�ϴ�) no more A than B (B��...�ƴ� ��ó�� A��...�ƴϴ�)
(4) Childhood and youth are too precious to be sacrificed to the present
convenience of adults or the. later requirements of adult life, but, if they are
lived only for their own sake, later life will become miserably poor and bitter
regret will be in store.
-> be sacrificed to (...�� ���Ǵ�), convenience (����), for their own sake (�
� �ڽڽ �' ;�Ͽ�), will be in store (������� ;�� ���ٸ.)
@P80
39 �ǹ��� + to��d��
I was at a loss what to do. ���� ��������� ��;�� �ؾ.
Check Point
(1) (�ǹ��� + to��d��)�� (... �� �ؾϴ���)��� ��; �����Ѵ�.
(what to~) (����; ...����� �ؾ, ...�ϸ� ��;��)
(when to~) (��f...����� �ؾ,...�ϸ� ��;��)
(where to~) (�� � '�' ... � ���� �ؾ,...�ϸ� ��;��)
(which to~) (��� ��; ...����� �ؾ, ...�ϸ� ��;��)
(who(m) to~) (��������'��' ...����� �ؾ, ...�ϸ� ��;��)
(how to~) (� �� ...� ~���� �ؾ...�ϴ� ���)
(whether to~) (...; �� ���� �ؾ ��
)
(2) (�ǹ��� + to ��d��)�� should (ought to)�� ������ ��� ��: �����.
= I was at a loss what I should do.
(3) (what + ��� + to��d��)�� (� ...; ~��� ���)�����ؾ.
I didn't know what kind of present to send her. ���� � ~���� ����; �׳� �
������ ���� ����.
Do you know which way to take? ��� ��� ���� �ϴ��� �˾�?
GRAMMAR CHECK A
������ �濡 �µ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) ��� �����׳�� ��=�� ����; �ؾd�� �� ����.
She couldn't decide (__) (__) do next.
(2) ���� ���߽ � ��� ����; �ӹ������� �� ���� ����.
I was wondering (__) (__) stay here another week.
GRAMMAR CHECK B
������ ��: ������ �ǵ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) Let me know whom and when to contact.
Tell me whom and when (__) (__) (__).
(2) Sarah asked which college to go to.
I Sarah asked which college (__) (__) (__) (__).
(3) Do you know which way to go?
Do you know which way you (__) (__)?
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) After their marriage a young couple is free to decide where to live and when
to start a family.
(2) To be educated also means, to understand something of how to make our
intentions effective in the real world, of how to apply knowledge to the life one
lives and the society in which one lives it.
-> effective (ȿ�� � � � � ) , apply A to B (A � � B � � � ? � � ϴ � )
(3) The weather continually takes the British by surprise. Dr. Johnson said; "When
two Englishmen meet, their first talk is of the weather." That is because we never
know what kind of weather to expect from one day to the next.
-> take~by surprise (...���� ����ġ �ʰ� � ��ϴ�
), Dr. Johnson: Samuel Johnson
(1709~84) (������ �缭 ����, ����)
(__)���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
� � ;�װ�� �ϴ3İ� ��f���.(7�ܾ� ) (problem )
@P82
40 ...enough to~
He's strong enough to lift it.: �� �� �� ;�״� ���� �־� � װ ִ �.
Check Point
(1) (...enough to~) (...�ϴ� �� �����..., �ſ�...��~)
= (so ... that + � �־+ (can)~) (->125)
#1 He is old enough to go to school.
= He is so old that he can go to school.
#2 ��d���� ���� ������ �ߺ� ����־ϴ� ��쿡� ����Ѵ�.
This coat was cheap enough for me to buy
= This coat was so cheap that I could buy it. �� ��Ʈ�� ���� �μ� ���� ��
�� ���־.
#3 She was so kind that she showed me the way.
= It was kind of her to show me the way.(->1)
= She kindly showed me the way.
= She had the kindness to show me the way.
(2) (so...as to~) (~�� d����...)�� ��: ǥ��.
= She was so kind as to show me the way.
����: so as to~ = in order to~ (...�ϱ� '��) (->124)�� so...as to~ ��
������ �ؾѴ�.
GRAMMAR CHECK A
������ ��: ������ �ǵ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) This problem is so easy that he can solve it.
This problem is (__) (__) (__) (__) to solve.
(2) He was so stupid that he refused the offer.
I He was not wise (__) (__) accept the offer.
@p83
GRAMMAR CHECK B
������ �濡 �S���� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
He had (__) (__) (__) help me.
He was kind (__) (__) help me.
He was (__) kind (__) (__) help me.
He (__) helped me.
It was kind (__) (__) to help me.
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) He is wise enough not to drive when he is feeling ill.
(2) If the population of the Earth goes on increasing at its present rate, there
eventually will not be enough resources left to sustain life on the planet.
-> at its present rate (������ �ӵ���), sustain life (���; �����ϴ�)
(3)The difficulties must not be so great as to cause discouragement, or so small
as not to stimulate effort.
-> cause discouragement (������ �ϴ�) stimulate (���ڱϴ�)
(4) It is difficult to generalize about your own people-so difficult as to be
almost impossible reason that you cannot see them as a whole.
-> generalize (������ ���ϴ�), for the simple reason that = simply because,
as a whole (��ü�μ�)
(__) ���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
��: ��ĥ d���� ������ ��Ҵ�. (as, get)
@p84
41. be likely to~
He is likely to succeed. ����� �� ������ �״.
Check Point
(1) (be likely to~)�� (...�� �� ����)��� ��.
He Is likely to succeed.
(2) (be eager (anxious) to~)�� (���...�ϰ� �;��Ѵ�)��� ��.
* anxious�� ��ſ� ���� �ҾȰ�; ������ ����.
He is eager to be praised.
= He is eager for praise. � �״Ī������� ⸦ޱϰ� �ִ�.
I was anxious for him to succeed.
= I was anxious for his success. ����� ;���� �״.
(3) (be glad (sorry) to~)�� (�Ⲩ��...�ϴ�)��� ��.
I was glad to hear the good news. �� ��ҽ�; ��� ��� .
* I'll be glad to go with him. �Ⲩ�� �� �Բ� � � � �ڴ.
(4) (be willing (ready) to~)�� (�Ⲩ��...�ϴ�)��� ��.
I'm willing to pay as much as you want. ���� ���� �װϴ� ��ŭ �Ⲩ�� ����ϰ
�ڴ.
GRAMMAR CHECK A
������ �濡 �µ��� (__) �ȿ��� ����� �ܾ ��� ÿ�.
(1) �츮�� f �ð��� ������ �� ����.
We are (seems, likely) to arrive in time.
(2) ������� �� ��׳Ʈ�� ��� ���� �;��Ѵ�.
She is (eager, eagerly) to get the fur coat.
@p85
GRAMMAR CHECK B
��= �� ������ ��: ������ �ǵ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(l) We are anxious for your safe arrival.
We are anxious for you (__) (__) safely.
(2) I'll be glad to help you.
I'll help you (__) pleasure.
(3) 1 was delighted when I heard the news.
I was delighted (__) (__) the news.
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) It seems that those who find fault with others are apt to go blind to their
own defects.
-> find fault with~ (...; �����), be apt to (...�ϱ� ����), go blind to
(...�� ���� �ִ�), defects (��a)
(2) Men are more likely to exercise for reasons of health; women are more likely
to do so in order to lose weight.
-> lose weight (��; ����) (-> put on (gain) weight (���� ���)
(3) Children may meet the idea of death for the first time at any age. Normally,
the death of an older member of the family is likely to be the first experience of
the kind that touches a child closely.
-> of the kind (�� ~����), touch (d����8�� ����; ��ġ��)
(4) Now it is a general rule of economics that scarcity creates value. A man in
the middle of the Sahara may be ready to give a fortune for a glass of water that
he would expect for nothing in a London restaurant.
-> scarcity (����), give a fortune (�ű�; �ִ�), for nothing (�����)
@P86
42. be to~
You are to see a doctor at once. �ʴ� ��� �ǻ����� ����ƾ� �Ѵ�.
Check Point
(1) (be + to��d��)�� ��d, �ǹ�, ����, �ǵ�, ��� ��; ��Ÿ����.
I am to (=am going to) go to New York. (��d)
You are to (=should) start as soon as possible. (�ǹ�)
Not a sound was to (=could) be heard. (����)
You must work hard if you are to (=intend to) succeed. (�ǵ�)
We were never to see each other again. (���)
����: ��= ������� ����a�� /���� ��.
Our wish is to climb Mt. Baekdu. (����� ���(�ְ))���ݺ
�츮�� �Ҹ�: ��λ 꿡 �8��� �����.
We are to climb Mt. Baekdu. (������ ���(��d))
�츮�� ��λ 꿡 �8� ��d���.
43. �Ϸ��d��
Sorry to have kept you waiting so long.: �ʹ� �7� ��� �ٸ��� �ؼ � ��մϴ�.
Check Point
1. �Ϸ��d�� (to have + ��źл�)�� �� �
纸�� ���� ��f�� ��Ÿ����.
It seems that she was a beauty when young.
= She seems to have been a beauty when young. ������ �� ;��� ��׳ � �� ��
����.
@p87
GRAMMAR CHECK
��= ����; (__)���� ��ÿ� ��� ���� �ٲÿ�.
(1) It is said that he was rich. (He�� ����)
(2) She seemed to have been hurt. (����8��)
(3) It is said that she refused his proposal. (She�� ����)
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) We looked and looked but the ring was nowhere to be found.
(2) If curiosity is to be fruitful, it must be associated with a certain technique
for the acquisition of knowledge.
-> fruitful (/����, ���; �δ�), be associated with (...�� ���յǴ�),
acquisition (ȹ��, acquire�� �����)
(3) This novel is said to have been written by a young housewife.
(4) We hoped to have done with the work before the holidays.
-> have done with (...; ������)
(5) She appeared to have known for years that her heart was not strong, but she
had not cared at all.
-> care (�Ű ߽� )�
(6) Everyone should be respected as an individual, but no one should be admired
too much. It is an irony of fate for me to have invited a shower of admiration and
esteem.
-> an irony of fate (������ ���, ����� �峭), invite (��8Ű��)
(__)���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
���� �� �����p� ��; �� ���� �װԴ�. (about, start, when)
@p88
44. ������d��
To tell the truth, I don't like it. ��Ǵ�� ����� �� � װ, � � �����~� ;�ڸʴ
´�.
Check Point
to��d���� ���ǥ��; ������d���� �ϸ�, ���� ���� ��ü�� ����Ѵ�.
to be brief '���t�'
to be sure 'Ȯ����'
to be frank with you '������ �����'�ڸ
to do~justice '(...�� ����) �����ϰ� ���ϸ�'
to do one's best '�ƹ��� �ּ�; ���'�ص
to make matters worse '��� � 8�'
to make a long story short '������� �ؼϸ � '
to tell the truth '��Ǵ�� �����'�ڸ
to begin (start) with '�켱, ù°��'
to say nothing of~ '...: ���� �͵� ����'(=not to speak of)
needless to say '���� �͵� ����'
strange to say '�ǹ��ϰԵ�'
so to speak '��'' (=as it were)
GRAMMAR CHECK A
������ �濡 �µ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) ��Ǵ�� ������ ���� � װ ���ڸ
Ϳ� ���� �ؼ.
To (__) (__) (__), I didn't know about it.
(2) �ǹ��ϰԵ� �� ������ ���s��.
(__) (__) say, my bag has disappeared.
(3) �� ��� �͵� ���� ����� �״Ҿ �� �� �ȴ�.
He can speak French, (__) (__) (__) (__) English.
@p89
GRAMMAR CHECK B
��= �� ������ ��: ������ �ǵ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) She is, as it were, a fish out of water.
She is, (__) (__) speak, a fish out of water.
(2) To make a long story short, he was fired.
(__) be (__), he was fired.
(3) (__) do my best, I couldn't understand it.
Though I did my best, I couldn't understand it.
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
To be sure, we are proud of the achievements of modern scientists, which have
enabled men to reach the moon.
-> achievements (����), which = because
(2) He searched all his pockets for his ticket, but he couldn't find it. Needless
to say, he was very worried. "I did buy a ticket before I got on the train," he
said.
-> search (����ϴ�, �����), did buy (d�� ���, did�� buy�� ��v.)
(3) He is so poorly paid that he cannot afford to buy even daily necessities, not
to speak of luxuries.
->cannot afford to~ (...�� ��/�� ���), daily necessities (����ǰ)
(4) Strange to say, technology, although the product of man, tends to develop by
its own laws and principles, and these are very different from those of human
nature or of living nature in general.
-> those = the laws and principles
(__) ���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
��� �8� ���� ������ ���� ����. (fall)
@p90
45. ��� + ����л�(��)
The girl playing the guitar is my sister. ��Ÿ�� ġ�� �ִ� �ҳ������������ �.
Check POINT
����л�� (...�ϰ� �ִ� '�ϰ� �ִ�')��� ������ ��; ��Ÿ����. �л��
�ܵ� 8�� ��߽ � ������ '�л� + ���', �� �ٸ�� � ����� �� '��� + �л�'��
����� �ȴ�. a sleeping lion '��� = '���� �ڴThe girl who is playing the
guitar is my sister.
46. ��� + ��źл�(��)
This is a car made in Korea. ���: �ѱ��� �������ڵ.
Check Point
��źл�� (...�Ͽ���, �ϰ� ��)���� ���� ��; ��Ÿ����.
fallen leaves ������ � ��ٻ-> ����
= This is a car _which was_ made in Korea. ���: �ѱ��� �������ڵ.
����: ��źл ߽ � ��� л�� ������� ��߽ �տ�������ϰų������ ���ڿѴ�.
the stolen car / the destroyed city
the wounded soldier / the defeated team
GRAMMAR CHECK A
������ �濡 �µ��� (__) ���� �ܾ � �� �ٲٽ8�� � ٸÿ�.
(1) �ʴ��: �մԵ� ���� ���߽ � ��� ���־.
Among the guests (invite) were some ladies.
(2) ��: �߰ ��� ��� .
My older brother bought a (use) car.
@p91
GRAMMAR CHECK B
��= �� ������ ��: ������ �ǵ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) Is this the way that leads to the post office?
Is this the way (__) to the post office?
(2) Do you know the girl leaning against the wall?
Do you know the girl (__) (__) (__) against the wall?
(3) Love is an emotion that is experienced by the many.
Love is an emotion(__) by the many.
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) Some cities are running out of places to put the wastes cast off by people and
industries.
-> run out of~ (...�� ���Ǵ�), cast off by~ (...�� ��)
(2) The forests being destroyed for fuel and land are located mostly in the
tropical countries, where they are disappearing with frightening quickness.
(3) One of the first civilizations was developed in Egypt. From the written
records and the art left by the Egyptians, much of their way of living is known.
-> the art left = the art which was left
(4) Some remains found in Stone Age lake dwellings in central Europe show that
prehistoric man ate apples. There are carvings of apples on ancient tombs and
monuments in the Near East.
-> remains (/��), lake dwelling (ȣ�� '�� ���� ��), carvings (v������),
the Near East (�)���ٵ
(__) ���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
�ѱ��� ��� ����ڵ: ���� ����ǰ� �ִ�. (10�ܾ� ) (export)
@p92
47. �л ߽� �
Waiting for a taxi, I met my friend. �ýø� �� ���� �� ���ٸģ����
������.
Check Point
�л ߽� :� #1 ��, #2 ��/, #3 v��, #4 �纸, #5 �δ��Ȳ, #6 ������ ����;
��Ÿ����.
#1 = While I was waiting for a taxi, I met my friend.
#2 Having a cold, I went to bed early. = As I had a cold~. ���Ⱑ �ɷ|� ����
���� ���.
#3 Turning to the left, you will find the post office.=If you turn to the left,~.
����8�� ���� ��ü���� ���� �����.
#4 Admitting what you say, I cannot agree with you.
=Though I admit what you say, (3) T
#5 He sat on the chair, reading a magazine.
=He sat on the chair as he was reading~
#6 Our train starts at six, arriving in Pusan at ten.
=Our train starts at six, and arrives in Pusan at ten.
GRAMMAR CHECK A
������ �濡 �µ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) ���� ���� ���� �״p���. (__) (__), he ran away.
(2) �ýø� Ÿ�� 5����� �ű ������ �����.
(__) a (__), you will get there in five minutes.
@p93
GRAMMAR CHECK B
��= ����; (__) ���� ��ÿ� ��� ���� �ٲÿ�.
(1) As I was sick, I stayed home. (�л ߽� 8���)
(2) Not knowing what to do, she asked for advice. (����8��)
(3) The window being open, the room was cool. (����8��)
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
Hearing his voice on the telephone, I knew right away who was calling me.
-> right away = at once
(2) The old man, living in a remote village, does not know what is going on in the
world.
-> living in... = since he lives in..., go on ('��ǵ���' �Ͼ ��)
(3) The ash continued to fall for two days, covering Pompeii completely. And so
the town slept for 1,700 years, under a 30-foot blanket of volcanic ash.
-> Pompeii (������), covering = and it covered, volcanic ash (ȭ����)
(4) Slang should be used with caution. A safe prescription is this: in
conversation with friends, use it, but in small doses. Use it even less frequently
in informal writing, making sure that what you use is appropriate to the subject
and will not annoy readers.
-> prescription (ó��, prescribe�� �����), doses (���), informal (�;�ݽ
���� �ʴ�), appropriate (������)
(__) ���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
�����߱� ������ ���� �״п� �� �� ����. (being)
@p94
48. �Ϸ����� �л ߽� �
Having run for an hour, I was very tired. �� �ð� ���� �ȱ� ������ ���� �ſ�
�ǰ��ߴ�.
Check Point
(1) �Ϸ����� �л�� �� �
纸�� ���� ��f�� ��Ÿ����.
= As I _had run_ for an hour, I _was_ very tired.
(2) �л��� ��d: (not + �л�)�� ��Ÿ����.
Not knowing what to say, I kept silent. ����� ��������� ���� ��;�� � ؾ
������ ������ �־.
49. ������ �л ߽� �
Seen from a distance, it looks like a man. ����n�� ���� ��װ: ���ó��
���δ�.
Check Point
(1) ������ being, having been: ��Ǵ� ���� ����.
= (Being) Seen from a distance, it looks like a man.
(2) ���, ���߽ � �����ϴ� being, having been�� �����ϴ�.
(Being) Lazy, he was fired. ��;���� ��״� �ذǾ��.
GRAMMAR CHECK A
������ �濡 �µ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) {�� ��: �ô 뿡 �¾����� �׳�� ������;��ٵ.
(__) in better times, she would have succeeded.
(2) �� �� ������ ���� �ߴ����� ���� ��״.
(__) (__) several times, he succeeded at last
@P95
GRAMMAR CHECK A
��= �� ������ ��: ������ �ǵ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) As she was born in a poor family, she couldn't study.
(__) in a poor family, she couldn't study.
(2) As I have done my job, I can take a rest now.
(__) (__) my job, I can take a rest now.
(3) As it was printed in haste, the book has many misprints.
The book, (__) (__) (__) in haste, has many misprints.
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) Dressed in a fine new suit, he looked very prosperous.
-> Dressed = (Being) dressed, prosperous (/����, ��â�ϴ�)
(2) Tired by his long hours of study, the boy slept soundly.
-> long hours of~ (���)
(3) Determined to overcome his physical handicap, Byron became a good rider,
swimmer and boxer.
-> overcome (���غϴ�), physical handicap (��ü ���)
(4) Not having seen my aunt for a long time, I didn't recognize her.
-> Not having seen... = Since I hadn't seen...
(5) Having lost our way a number of times, we arrived very late. I think it was
past midnight.
-> lose one's way (��; �Ҵ�)
(6) Having learned these two things-distance and direction-the worker bees can
then fly to the nectar and return to the hive.
(__) ���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
������ ����� ���� �ֱ� ������, �� å: �б� ����. (10�ܾ� ) (plain)
@P96
50. �����л߽� �
School being over, the boys hurried home. ����� ������ �ҳ��: ���ѷ� ��
����.
Check Point
�л��� �����־ � ������� �� �־�� �ٸл� �տ� �ǹǹ��� �־ �δµ� ��
���¸� �����л߽� �� ��� �Ѵ�.
It being fine yesterday, _we_ went fishing.
= As _it_ was fine yesterday, _we_ went fishing. ������ �~� �츮�� ���ø�
����.
cf. When _school_ was over, _the boys_ hurried home.
����: �л��� ��������� �־ ֹ ��־ � �ġ�� ���� �ǹǹ��� �־ �پ � �� ȵ ȴ� .
As I was tired, I felt like doing nothing.
= ___ Being tired, I felt like doing nothing. �ǰ��߱� ������� � ƹ� �͵� �ϰ�
���� �ʾҴ�.
����: �������� �л ߽� 8��� �ٲ� �� ������ ����� ~������ �־
�(����ġ��� �ǹǹ��� ��� ��)�־f(��f�� ��8�� �ܼ� л�, ��f�� �ռ���ٸ
�Ϸ�л�)�� Ȯ ���� ��.
GRAMMAR CHECK A
�� ������ ��: ������ �ǵ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) As it was rainy, we could not start.
(__) (__) rainy, we could not start.
(2) When supper was over, we played cards.
(__) (__) over, we played cards.
@P97
GRAMMAR CHECK B
(__) �ȿ��� ����� ��� � �� �� ĭ�� ��8�ÿ�.
(1) The sun (__), we returned home. (set, being set, having set)
(2) (__), we went out for a walk. (Being fine day, Being a fine day, It being a
fine day, It being fine a day)
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) It being a perfect autumn day, we decided to go for a long walk.
-> It being~ = As it was~
(2) The car being damaged beyond repair, we had to abandon it.
-> The car being~ = As the car was~, beyond repair (�� �Ҵɻ�����), abandon
(���, ����ϴ�)
(3) I was returning from hunting, and walking along the avenue, my dog running in
front of me.
-> my dog running~ = and my dog was running~
(4) Researchers confirm that, other things being equal, the more television a
child watches, the worse he does in school.
-> confirm (Ȯ���ϴ�), other things being equal (� �ٸv���� ���)�ٸ
(5) Life being short, and the quiet hours of it few, we ought to waste none of
them in reading valueless books.
-> Life being~ = As life is~
(__)���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
(get, start)
@P98
51. b�ӻ� + �л�
While reading the novel, he fell asleep. �� �״Ҽ�; �д�� ���� ����.
Check Point
�л ߽� �����Ÿ���� ��; ��Ȯ�ϰ� �ϱ� '�� �л��� �տ� b�ӻ߽ �δ� ��찡 �ִ�.
Though living next door, I seldom see him.
= Though I live next door, I seldom see him. ���� ���� ���� {ó�� �� ��
����.
When asked about the accident, she said nothing.
= When she was asked about the accident, she said nothing. �� ��ǿ� ���� ��;
�� ; �� �׳ �� �ƹ� ���� ���ߴ�.
If caught young, even a tiger can be tamed.
= If it is caught young, even a tiger can be tamed. � �� ����� ȣ�����
����� �� �ִ�.
Once deprived of oxygen, the brain dies.
= Once it is deprived of oxygen, the brain dies. �� ��Ҹ� ����8�� ��� �״
´�.
GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) If it is carefully done, the experiment should be successful.
(__) (__) (__), the experiment should be successful.
(2) Though he's working hard, he finds time for rest.
Though (__) (__), he finds time for rest.
@p99
GRAMMAR CHECK B
������ �濡 �µ��� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) �� ; ��ٸ ��� �ִ� ���ȿ� � 츮�� TV�� ���Ҵ�.
(__) (__) (__) (__), we watched TV.
(2) 9�ñ��� ��� �� ��8�� �˷� �ּ���.
(__) (__) (__) nine, let me know.
(3) ���� ��; ���� ��8�� �{ �״ó�� ��; ���� �ʴ´�.
(__) (__) to, he seldom talks.
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) In later years, I have learned that success is to be measured not so much by
the position that one has reached in life as by the obstacles which he has overcome
while trying to succeed.
-> not so much by A as by B (A�� ��� �ؼ���� ���ٴB�� ���)�ؼ, obstacles
(��ֹ�)
(2) There's a certain sadness in realizing that a major segment of the new teen-
age generation never really read anything, unless forced to do so.
-> a major segment of~ (...�� ��κ�), unless forced -> unless they are forced
(3) Many ages in the past have shown great promise while facing great
difficulties, yet our age perhaps is unique in that its problems and its promise
come from the same source, from the extraordinary achievements of science and
technology.
-> promise (���|�), unique (��Ư��), in that~ = because
(__) ���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
����n�� ���� �Ǹ� ��װ: ���ó�� ���� �����. (if, seen, distance)
@p100
52. frankly speaking
Frankly speaking, he is unreliable. ������ ���� �״ ��� �� ;�� �ؼ.
Check Point
(1) �ǹǹ��� ��(�־Ϲ���)�� ���ϴ� �л ߽� ������ǥ��.
(frankly speaking) '������ ���ϸ�'
(strictly speaking) '����� ���ϸ�'
(generally speaking) '�Ϲ���8�� ���'�ؼ
(talking(speaking) of~) '...�� ���� ����ε�'
(judging from~) '...8�� �Ǵ��ϸ�'
(2) �л ߽� �������� b�ӻ�(��)
(seeing that~) '...��ϱ�, ...�� a���� ����' (=since)
(supposing (that)~) '���� ...���(=if)'
(providing(provided) (that)~) '���� ...���'(=if)
(grant(granting, granted) (that)~) '...��� ġ���' (=even if)
(3) �л ߽� �������� ��ġ��(��)
(considering~) '...; ����Ѵ=(�ٸfor), taking into account'
(concerning~) '...�� ��� =('�ؼabout)'
(according to~) '...�� ���ϸ�'
(owing to~) '...������(=on account of~, because of~)'
(compared with~) '...�� ���� ��'
GRAAIAMR CHECK A
�� ������ ��: ������ �ǵ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) If we speak strictly, the bamboo is a kind of grass.
(__) (__), the bamboo is a kind of grass.
(2) Taking her age into account, she looks very young.
(__) her age, she looks very young.
@p101
GRAMMAR CHECK B
������ �濡 �µ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) �� ��Ⱑ ����8�� ��߽ �� ��� �״ ִ � ����?
(__) (__) Tom, I wonder where he is.
(2) �ϱ߽� ������ϸ � � 4 � : � � � � � � � 帱 �� ����.
(__) (__), the weatherman, it'll be cloudy today.
(3) �Ϲ���8�� ��Ƽ�� ����������.
(__) (__), the party was a success.
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) Judging from his accent, he may be from Australia.
(2) Chemists seek general laws concerning the behavior of matter.
(3) Strictly, speaking, each of the leaves in the wood is different from the
others.
(4) Democracy is, historically speaking, something very recent. It is first of all
the belief that the individual human being is what matters most.
-> first of all (����)�ٵ, matter (���ϴ� '=count'
(5) Humans, generally speaking, have a horror of being different, thinking
different, and acting different from their own generation.
(6) According to the latest figures, 59 percent of American adults exercise
regularly--up 12 percent from just two years ago and more than double the figure of
25 years ago.
(__) ���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
(speak)
@p102
53. with + ����� + �л�
He sat on the chair with his arms folded. �� �״� ��¯; ���� ���ڿɾҴ�.
Check Point
#1 'with + ����� + ��źл�'���� ����: ������� '����'�� ��Ÿ����.
= He sat on the chair, his arms folded.
She listened to me (with) her eyes shining.
She spoke (with) tears falling down her cheeks.
#2 (with + ����� + ����(��))��
with one's eyes wide open '��; �θ��߰� �'
with one's eyes full of tears '����; �'����۽
* ��=�� ��: ��ǥ���� �ִ�.
(with a) pencil in (one's) mouth '����; �Կ� ����'
(with a) knife in (one's) hand 'Į; �տ� ���'
#3 (with + ����� + �λ�(��))��
with a sweater on '������ � '
with one's hands in one's pocket '�ָӴϿ� ��; �ְ�'
He was walking with a book under his arm.
GRAMMAR CHECK A
������ �濡 �µ��� (__) ���� �ܾ � 迭�Ͻÿ�.
(1) �� ���� ;�� �״ű �����־.
He was standing there (with, closed, eyes, his).
(2) � �� ���׳�� �ٸä ���� �ڿɾ� ���־.
She sat on the chair (legs, with, her, crossed).
@p103
GRAMMAR CHECK B
��= ������ (__) ���� � ܾ � �� �ٲٽ8�� � ٸÿ�.
(1) He was listening to music with his eyes (close)
(���״� ��; ���� =��; ��� �־.)
(2) She listened to the story, with her eyes (shine)
(�� ���¦�� ;�� ��׳ �
߱ �� ����.)
(3) The sea was calm, with little wind(blow).
(� � �ٶ,�� ���
� ߰�� ���� ���� � ٴٴʾҴ�.)
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) With this unlimited source of mechanical power at his command, man finally
escaped from monotonous, exhausting methods of doing the world's work.
-> monotonous (��v�ο�), exhausting (�Ƿ��ϰ� �ϴ�)
(2) Knowledge builds over time, with each new discovery blossoming from the seeds
planted by previous researchers.
-> over time (�ð��� �߽�߽ '=as time passes')
(3) Many Americans find silence uncomfortable. Students study with their radios
turned on; housewives leave televisions on for their "companionship" of sound even
though they may be working in some other room.
(4) On sunny days with no wind blowing, with the snow sparkling- and great trees
rising all around us like the pillars of a cathedral, and no sound anywhere but the
chattering of a woodpecker, we were actually so pleasant that we hated to leave.
(__) ���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
���� ���� �ش븦 � � �Ƽ� � �״f��� ������ �� �� ����.
(With, bandage, properly)
@p104
54. There + be���� + � �־+ �л�
There is a white cloud floating in the sky. �� ���� �� a�� �ϴÿ� ���ٴϰ�
Check Point
(1) (There ge + S + ����л�.�� '~�� ...�ϰ� �ִ�'��� ��
(2) (there be + S + ��źл�) '~��...�Ǿ� �ִ�'��� ��
There is little sugar left in the pot. ����� ������ ���� ���� ����
���: '�� ����: ����,
There is a white cloud floating in the sky.
-> A white cloud is floating in the sky.
There is little sugar left in the pot.
-> Little sugar is left in the pot. ���� ���� ���� �ص���� � � Ưd�� ��; �־
�� �ϴ� ��; ������ ������ there�� ���۵ Ǵ� ����; ����.
���: �л� ��ſ� ���߽ � ����߽ ������� ���� �� �ִ�.
There is a page missing. 1������ �����ڶ.
A page`s missing. * ������ missing: л ߽ �ƴϰ� ����.
GAMMAR CHECK A
��= ������ (__)���� � ܾ � �� �ٲٽ8�� � ٸÿ�.
(1) There were several people (wait) for a bus.
(��� ������ ��� ����ٸ��� �־.)
(2) There were some papers (scatter) on the floor.
(���� { ������� �ٴڿn ���־.)
@p105
GRAMMAR CHECK B
������ �濡 �µ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) ������ ��; �ε 帮�� �ִ�.
(__) (__) someone (__) at the door.
(2) d�� ��� �մԵ��� ��߱��ϰ� ���־.
(__) (__) some guests (__) to each other in the garden.
(3) ��dz�� �Ұ� ���־.
(__) (__) a strong wind (__).
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) There was a cherry-tree growing in the garden.
(2) There is no furniture left in the room.
(3) Today, there are about 400,000 Indians scattered across the United States.
(4) As early as 3,000 B.C., there was a postal service operating in China. Later,
the ancient Greeks and Romans had post stations every few miles along the main
roads, where messengers could change horses.
-> post station (��ü��), every few miles (�� ���ϸ���)
(5) As the landscape becomes poorer and barer, there is only one point of comfort.
Over the next few years, there will be new elms growing up from the roots left in
the ground.
-> elm (�8�����), * ��=����: l=: ���� ���� �ʴ´�.
(__) ���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
��� ������ � �忡�� ������; ġ�� ���־. (there, Play, badminton)
@p106
55. spend + ����� + ~ing
He spent his leisure time gardening. ������ �״ð�; d��; ����´��� �� �ٴ.
Check Point
(spend + O + (in) ~ing) (�������
� ��� in; ��) (~�ϴ� �� ...; �Һ��ϴ�,
~�ϸ� ...; ������)
I spent two hours playing the piano.
She spent a lot of time trying to fix her bicycle.
��� ��׳: �ð�; ����� ���׳Ÿ� ��ġ�� �� ���´�.
56. S + V + �л� (�ְ)���� ���ݺ
My dog came running toward me. ���� �ְ��� �����Է� � Դ�.
Check Point
(1) sit, stand, lie, come, go, keep�� �ְ���� ����ݺл�
(go(come)~ing) (...�ϸ߽ � ��� '�4�')
(sit(stand)~ing) (�ɾƼ� '�Ͼ���'~ ϰ� �ִ�)
(2) look, seem, feel, get, grow, become, remain��: ��� �л 縦 �ְ��� ����ݺѴ�.
* lie�� sit: ���� (���)�л� ��� ����.
GRAMMAR CHECK A
��= ������ (__) ���� � ܾ � �� �ٲٽ8�� � ٸÿ�.
(1) He sat (surround) by his sons. (�� �״Ƶ�߽ �ѷ��ο� �ɾҴ�.)
(2) He seemed (please) with his new house. (��� �� �� �״w�� �� ���Ҵ�.)
@p107
GRAMMAR CHECK B_
������ �濡 �µ��� (__) ���� �ܾ � 迭�Ͻÿ�.
(1) ��: �����ð�; ī������ ���´�.
They spent (leisure, their, time, cards, playing).
(2) ���� ��: ��8�� �Դ�.
His daughter (to, running, door, came, the).
(3) �����: �л�߽� ���� �ɾ� ��8��� ���ߴ�.
The teacher told (remain, the students, seated, to).
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) They were people who faced the future, who did not spend much time in looking
back, who considered not so much where they had been but where they were going.
-> face (����ϴ�, ��ó�ϴ�), not so much A but B (A��� ��� �ٴB)
(2) Don't waste too much time worrying about these; the most important thing is to
understand the text as a whole as well as possible, and one or two difficult words
won't usually make much difference.
-> text as a whole (���� ��ü), as well as possible (������ �� ��), won't
make much difference (���� ������
� �; �����)
(3) One morning a shouting voice awakened me. "Richard!". I rolled out of bed. My
brother came running into the room.
(4) It's an odd idea for someone like me to keep a diary. I want to write, but
more than that, I want to bring out all kinds of things that lie buried deep in my
heart.
-> odd (�ǹ���, ����), bring out (���ϴ�, �Թ)���� �ۿ
@p108
57. ������� �ǹǹ� ��־
I am sure of his passing the exam. ���� �� ߽��� �װհ � � ϸ � � � � Ȯ� � � Ѵ � .
Check Point
������� �����ְ� ������ ��� �־�� �ٸ쿡� ������ �տ���/��8�����ǹǹ����־
#1 '������'�� '������ ��� �־�'�� �ٸ: �ǹǹ��� �־ � �� δ�.
_I_ am sure that _he_ will pass the exam.
= _I_ am sure of his passing the exam.
#2 '������'�� '������ ��� ;�� ��'�־: �ǹǹ��� �־ � ������ʴ´�.
_I_ am sure that _I_ will pass the exam. PO.
= _I_ am sure of___passing the exam.
���� ���� �հ�; Ȯ���Ѵ�.
���: ������� �ǹǹ��� ��� ��־Ģ��8�� ��/��; ���µ�, ����߽ � ������־
�Ǵ� ���� �ǹǹ��� �־ its�� ��츦 f���ϰ�, ����ü������ ~~ �������
He is proud of his father(=father's) being rich. for
�� ������ �ǹǹ��� �־ �Ǵ� ��쿡� ����� �����.
He insisted on the plan being carried out.
��� �� �״ȹ�� ����Ǿ�� �Ѵ�� �����ߴ�.
GRAMMAR CHECK A
������ �濡 �µ��� (__)���� �ܾ � 迭�Ͻÿ�.
(1) ��: �� �ڱƹ��� ��ȣ���� �� ������ ���ڶ.
Tom (proud, father, is, a, his, being, of, lawyer).
(2) ���� ����� �; � ߽ϴ� ��; �~����� �ʴ´�.
I don't (Ted, others, ill, like, speaking, of).
@p109
GRAMMAR CHECK B
��= �� ������ ��: ������ �ǵ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) He is proud that his father is a diplomat.
He is proud (_) (__) (__) (__) a diplomat.
(2) There's no possibility that h e will come.
There's no possibility (__) (__) (__).
(3) He insists that Tom attend the course.
He insists (__) (__) the course.
��=����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
There is no adequate reason for his refusing to do it.
-> adequate (�����)
(2) The passage of the sun, the tyranny of day and night coming at different times
in different places, can't be avoided.
-> tyranny (���: ��f, ��f. ���⼱ Ⱦ���� ��)
( 3) The custom of a host drinking to a friend's health originated with the Greeks,
as early as the six century B.C., and for a highly practical reason; to assure
guests that the wine they were about to consume was not poisoned.
-> drink to (��߽ � �� ) originate with (...�κ��� ����ϴ�)
(4) The car gives young people freedom to go where they please and is the first
sign of them becoming adult and not being children any longer, so they look forward
to the day when they are old enough to get their license.
-> go where they please (��� ���� ���: ��; ����, them: becoming�� �ǹǹ�
�)�־, license (���� ������)
(__) ���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
� �ڱ: � � ����ð� ��ƾ� �Ѵ�� �����ߴ�. (on)
@p110
58. �Ϸᵿ���
He is ashamed of having fled to her. �״� �׳� ������; �� ��; �β��
Check Point
(1) �Ϸᵿ��� (having + ��źл�)�� �� �
纸�� �ռ� � � f� � � � Ÿ� � �� .
He is ashamed of having lied to her.
= He _is_ ashamed that he _lied_ to her.
He was ashamed of having lied to her.
= He _was_ ashamed that he _had lied_ to her.
�״� �׳� ������; �ߴ� ��; �β�� �ߴ�.
(2) ������� ��d: (not + �����)�� ��Ÿ����.
I'm sure of him not coming to see you.
= I'm sure that he will not come to see you.
���: � ܼ ���� �� ���
'����' �Ǵ� '���'�� ��Ÿ����, �Ϸᵿ���� �� �纸
�� '�ռ� ��f' �Ǵ� '�Ϸ�'�� ��Ÿ����.
He is proud of having been a teacher.
= He is proud that he was (has been) a teacher.
GRAMMAR CHECK A
������ �濡 �µ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) �ʴ� �����ߴ� ��; �β�� �� �ؾѴ�.
You should be ashamed (__) (__) (__) idle.
(2) �츮�� ���� ������� �ʾҴ� ��; �� ��ȸ�ߴ�.
We soon repented of (__) (__) (__) right away.
@p111
GRAMMAR CHECK B
��= ����; (__)���� ��ÿ� ��� ���� �ٲÿ�.
(1) Tim boasted that he had won the first prize.
(boast of�� ����� �ܹ� 8��)
(2) There was no evidence _of his having stolen_ the jewels.
(����ģ �κ�; evidence that~8�� ���۵ Ǵ� ���)
(3) _In case of his not showing up_, give me a call.
(����ģ �κ�; ���)
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) All the boys were present when the money disappeared, but each of them denies
having taken it.
-> deny (�����ϴ�)
(2) The news of the school having burned down soon spread throughout the town.
(3) There is some probability of the place having never been inspected by the
police.
(4) You can't imagine how angry I was with myself for not having thought of it
sooner.
(5) 1 didn't want to take any chances about my letter not getting to my parents,
so I wrote to them again from Rome.
-> take chances about (...�� ���� ����; �ϴ�)
(6) All of us have had the experience of not being able to find the right words to
get across our meaning, of being misunderstood, of finding that we don't make
ourselves clear.
-> get across (����ϴ�)
(__)���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
�츮�� ���� ���� ��; �β�� ���ߴ�.(ashamed, of)
@p112
59. avoid~ing
I couldn't avoid meeting him. ���� �� ������ ��; ���� �� ����.
Check Point
(1) ����縦 ������ ���ϴ� (��d�縦 ������ �ʴ�)����
enjoy ����, practice �����ϴ�, stop ���ߴ�, give up ����ϴ� finish
������, put off (=postpone) �����ϴ�, deny ��d�ϴ�, admit ��d�ϴ�, avoid
���ϴ�, escape ���p���, mind ������, consider ����ϴ�, excuse �뼭�ϴ�,
* ��d�縦 ������ ���ϴ� (����縦 ������ �ʴ�) ����: hope, wish, expect,
promise, decide, intend( =mean), pretend ��
(2) ���� ��d��, ����߽ �Ǹ� �ǹǹ � ����� ����: try, want, need, remember
(->61), forget(->61)
He tried to kick the ball. ��; _��p�_ �ߴ�.
He tried kicking the ball. _������_ ��; �.
This car needs(want) repairing. �� ��� ��� _�ʿ��ϴ�_.
(=This car needs(wants) to be repaired.)
����: Stop to~ (...�ϱ� '�� ���� ����)���� ��d��� '����; ��Ÿ����
�λ��� ������ ����� (����� ���)�� �ƴϴ�.
GRAMMAR CHECK A
��= ������ (__)���� � ܾ � �� �ٲٽ8�� � ٸÿ�.
(1) He has promised (take) me to the theater.
(���� ���� �״忡 ������ ���ߴ���� �ڴ ߴ �.)
(2) 1 don't remember (see) the picture before.
(���� �� �� ��; �� ����� ���.)
@p113
GRAMMAR CHECK B
��= ����; (__)���� ��ÿ� ��� ���� �ٲÿ�.
(1) Tom admitted that he had told a lie to me. (�ܹ� 8��)
(2) 1 decided that I should not stay with them. (�ܹ� 8��)
(3) She denied that she had stolen the money. (�ܹ� 8��)
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) We have even given up sitting at table and having a leisurely evening meal,
exchanging the news of the day.
-> leisurely (�1���)
(2) Very few can enjoy traveling to their heart's content because it requires
plenty of time and money.
-> to their heart's content (����, ��=��)
(3) He will learn these things not so much from what the other man says as from
how he says it, for whenever we speak we cannot avoid giving our listeners clues
about our origins and the sort of person we are.
-> not so much A as B (A��� ��� ����� �ٴB���), clues (�Ǹ���, �ܼ� )
(4) Mrs. Einstein spoke English very well, in fact better than the professor. And
she frankly enjoyed being the wife of the great man and made no attempt to hide the
fact.
(__)���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
(off, the, rent, try)
@p114
60. mind~Ing
Do you mind passing the butter? No not at all. ���� { ����ֽð ,�� ?��ھ
������.
Check Point
(mind~ing) '...�ϴ� ��; ������': ��Ȳ�� ���� �ǿ��Ѵ�.
#1 Would you mind closing the window?
= Will you please close the window?
#2 Would you mind my asking you some questions?
= Would you mind if I asked you some questions?
= May I ask you some questions?
61. remember~Ing
I don't remember mailing the letter. ���� ��ģ ����� ����� �ȳ���.
Check Point
(remember(forget)~ing) '...�� ���; ����ϴ�(�')�ش
= I don't remember that I _mailed_ the letter.
(remember(forget) to~) '...�� ��; ����ϴ�(�')�ش
GRAMMAR CHECK A
������ �濡 �µ��� (__)�ȿ��� ����� ��� � �� ÿ�.
(1) ��å���� ��8�ð ?��ھ
Would you like (to go, going) for a walk?
(2) ���� ���� �� ���� ���Ŀ�.
(Remember, Forget) (to mail, mailing) the letter.
@p115
GRAMALAR CHECK B
��= ����; (__)���� ��ÿ� ��� ���� �ٲÿ�.
(1) I remember seeing the picture before. (����8��)
(2) May I ask for your help?(mind�� ����� �ܹ� 8��)
(3) Will you please open the window? (mind�� ����� �ܹ� 8��)
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) Before you go would you mind looking out of my window here?
(2) I remember her saying to me when we became engaged, "You're a very lucky man."
(3) If you don't mind my saying so, your wife was stupid to believe what Tom said.
(4) Once I remember getting so angry with him that I pursued him round the garden
with a chair in my hands and the intention of hurling it at him as soon as I was
close enough.
-> pursue (�����ϴ�, �Ѿư���), and (with) the intention of~ (...�� �ǵ���)
(5) Reading fiction was once a major pursuit when fewer forms of leisure were
available and many teachers can remember immersing themselves in books in the not
too distant past.
-> fiction (�Ҽ�), pursuit (���ϰŸ�) immerse themselves in (...�� �����ϴ�)
(__)���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
� � � ���� ;�� ���� ���װϰ� ���� �ʽ4ϱ�? (Dont`t) (�ܹ� 8��)
@p116
62. There is no~ing~
There`s no telling when he will come. ��� �װf �� ��� �� �� ���.
Check Point
(There is no~ing.)�� '...�ϴ� ��: �Ұ����ϴ�'��� ��.
There is no telling what may happen.
= It is impossible to tell what may happen.
= We (You) can't tell what may happen.
63. It is no, use~ing~
It Is no use crying over spilt milk. ������ ��; ��� ���~� �ҿ���.
Check Point
(It is no use (good)~ing.)�� '...�� �صҿ���'��� ��.
= There is no use (in)~ing It's useless (=of no use) toIt is no use trying to
deceive me.
= There is no use (in) trying to deceive me.
= It is useless(=of no use) to try to deceive me.
GRAMMAR CHECK A
������ �濡 �µ��� (__)���� �ܾ � 迭�Ͻÿ�.
(1) �� �����Ϸ� �� �صҿ���.
(persuade, no, It, to, use, is, him, trying).
(2) ���νʻ�
(for, no, tastes, there, accounting, is)
@p117
GRAMMAR CHECK B
��= �� ������ ��: ������ �ǵ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) We can't deny the fact.
(__) (__) no (__) the fact.
(2) There is no use in arguing with him.
(__) (__) (__) good (__) with him.
(3) There is no satisfying everyone.
(__) is (__) to satisfy everyone.
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) It is no use being a writer if one is not in sympathy with the world in which
one is living.
-> be on sympathy with (...�� ���ϴ�)
(2) There was no dissuading him, however, and at a quarter past ten he closed the
attic door behind him.
-> dissuade '�ܳ��� � ϴ�'
(3) I try not to think of the past. It's no use going back to yesterday, because I
was a different person then.
(4) Don't say you're hopeless, for there is no knowing what may happen in the
future. Nobody is perfect; but nobody is hopeless, either.
-> for '�ֳ��ϸ � '
(5) Impressive though the achievements of Western technological science are, there
is no denying that they have been bought at a price, which includes increased
nervous strain and a destruction of the Earth's natural riches.
-> Impressive thought~are=Though~are impressive
(__)���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
����װ
Ϳ� �� �ؼ ƹ� �͵ � �� �ü � � �~غҿ���. (pretend, nothing)
@p118
64. be worth~Ing
The movie is worth seeing twice. �� ��ȭ�� �� �� �� ��ġ�� �ִ�.
Check Point
(1) (be worth~ing)�� '...�� (��) ��ġ�� �ִ�'��� ��.
= It is worth while seeing the movie twice.
= It is worth while to see the movie twice.
(2) (be busy~ing)�� '...�ϴ6� ��� ;�� ���'�ٻڴŸ����.
(3) (feel like~ing)�� '...�ϰ� ��: ����� ���'��� ��; ��Ÿ����.
65. ...of one's own~ing
It is a picture of her own painting. � �׳:�װ � � b � � ��
���.
Check Point
(1) ( of one's own~ing)�� '������~��...'���� ��.
= It is a picture (which) she painted (by/for) himself.
(2) (be on the point of~ing) = (be about to~)(-> 42)�� '��...�Ϸ� �ϰ�
GRAMMAR CHECK A
������ �濡 �µ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) �� �ٻڴ6��� ;���� � ��׳.
She (__) (__) (__) a new novel.
(2) �4� ��ħ���� �ƹ��͵� �� ��� �ʴ�.
I don't (__) (__) eating anything this morning.
@p119
GRAMMAR CHECK B
��= �� ������ ��: ������ �ǵ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) It is worth while to visit the museum once.
The museum is (__) (__) once.
(2) I was about to leave when he came in.
I was (__) the (__) (__) leaving when he came in.
(3) She herself made the dress.
This is the dress (__) her (__) (__).
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) The help I had given around the house in the past had always been freely
given; I had done it when I felt like doing it.
(2) They live under conditions which are not of their own making and which are but
little changed by their efforts.
-> little (���� ...�ʴ�)
(3) Every piece of reading matter that comes before our eyes is not equally worth
reading, nor do all make equal claims on our attention.
-> piece (����), reading matter (��; �Ÿ�), all = all pieces, make claims on
(...���� �߽�ϴ�)
(4) Solitude and silence are the necessary conditions for serious thought. To flee
them is to flee the conditions necessary for the self-examination that makes life
worth living.
-> solitude (��) solitary (����)�� �����, serious (������), flee = run
(__)���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
����: �� ����� ��; ��ġ�� �ִ�. (7�ܾ� ) (are, worth)
@p120
66. be used to~ing
She is used to working hard. ���� ������ ��׳ϴ� �� �ͼ��� �ִ�.
Check Point
(be used to~ing) '...�ϴ� �� �ͼ��ϴ�' (get (become) accustomed (used) to~ing)
'...�ϴ� �� �ͼ������'
����: (used to + ����): '(�����)...�ϰ� �(29 <-) ' �ߴ
67. look forward to~ing
I'm looking forward to hearing from you. �ҽ�; ����ϰ� �ֽ4ϴ�.
Check Point
(1) (look forward to~ing)�� (...�ϴ� ��; ����ϴ�)��� ��.
(2) (What do you say to~ing?) = (How about~ing?)�� (...�ϴ� �� ��� �?) ��
��; ��Ÿ����.
����: be accustomed (used) _to_, look forward _to_ What do you say _to_ ~ing?
�� to�� ��� ��ġ����Ƿ� ��=�� ����߽ �´�.
GRAMMAR CHECK A
������ �濡 �µ��� (__)�ȿ��� ����� ��� � �� ÿ�.
(l) �� ;�� ��׳Դ� �� �ͼ���n �ִ�.
She is used to (be, being) ill spoken of.
(2) �츮�� �� ���� ��; ����ϰ� �ֽ4ϴ�.
We're looking forward (to see, to seeing) you again.
@p121
GRAMMAR CHECK B
������ �濡 �µ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) �츮�� �� �����Ȱ�� �ͼ���s��.
We soon (__) (__) (__) (__) in the U.S.
(2) ���; �� ������ �ٽDZ ⸦ ����մϴ� .
I'm (__) (__) to (__) you again.
(3) ��� ������ �߽� ����� �ʰ ?��ھ
(__) do you say (__) (__) in to see her?
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) I go home once a year and really look forward to coming back here. This is my
home now.
(2) Gently quieting the applause, Mrs. Smith said, "We all look forward, to
hearing what it was like out west, Lisa. In fact, we're giving speeches this
Friday. Why don't you tell us about your adventures?"
-> applause (��ä), What it was like out west (���� ������ �ٱδ� �����)
(3) For the first several months, you might find it hard to eat American dishes,
but sooner or later you will get used to having them.
(4) When we put profits first, we tend to forget quality - but probably only to a
point. That is, if we are used to producing quality, we will not want to start
making cheaper things.
-> put~first (...; �켱�ϴ�, ���ϴ�
�), only to a point ( ��� ��� d���θ�)
(__)���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
� ��׳ȥ�� ��� �� �ͼ���n ���־. (by, used)
@p122
68. on~Ing,
On hearing the news, he turned pale. �� �ҽ�; ��� �ڸ��� �״â����s��.
Check Point
(on~ing) '...���� ��': as soon as�� �Ǵ� when��� ��ִ� �� �� �ٲ.
= As soon as(When) he heard the news,~.
���: on~ing�� ��: ���� ����8�δ� The minute (The moment) + S+V, No
sooner~ than~, Hardly (Scarcely)~when (before) ���� �ִ�.
69. in~ing
Be careful In handling this machine. �� ��߽ � ���� �ٷv����ض.
Check Point
(in~ing) '...�� ��'�� when�� �Ǵ� while��� ��ִ� �� �� �ٲ.
= Be careful when (while) you handle this machine.
GRAMMAR CHECK A
��= �� ������ ��: ������ �ǵ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) Watch your step when you walk on the icy road.
Watch your step (__) (__) on the icy road.
(2) As soon as you arrive at the station, give me a call.
(__) (__) at the station, give me a call.
@p123
GRAMMAR CHECK B
������ �濡 �µ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) � ���� ����� �߽��� �ٸd����ض.
Be polite (__) (__) to others.
(2) ���� ���� Ÿ�ߴ����� �� � ���� ����� ����ڸ.
(__) my (__) on the train, it began to move.
(3) �� �� ��� ���� � ������� �� ݺϴ�.
(__) (__) a foreign language it's repetition that counts.
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) You are likely to make a lot more errors in speaking English than in writing
it, which is only natural.
(2) On hearing the news that the son met with a disaster inthe mountains, his
mother came near fainting.
-> meet with a disaster (v��; ���ϴ�), came near fainting = almost fainted
(y���� �� �ߴ�)
(3) In the United States and many other countries it is almost required etiquette
to open a present immediately upon receiving it, mostly in the presence of the
giver.
-> in the presence of (...�� ����)
(4) He cared nothing for box, in fact he disliked it, but he learned it painfully
and thoroughly to counteract the feeling and shyness he had felt on being treated
as a Jew at the college.
-> care for (...; �~��ϴ�), thoroughly (ö����), counteract (�����ϴ�)
(__)���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
�� ���� ��� ���� �ڸ��� �״â����s��.(receiving, pale)
@p124
70. cannot help~ing
I can't help laughing at his joke. ���� ���� ��߽ � �����; �� ���.
Point
(1) (cannot help~ing) = (cannot but + ����): '...���� ��; �� ���'���
= I can't but laugh at his joke.
= I can't help feeling sorry for her mother,
(2) (It goes without saying (that)~): '...: ���� �͵� ���'�� ��.
= It goes without saying (that) health is above wealth.
= It is needless to say (that) health is above wealth. �ǰ��� �κ��� ���ϴ�ٴ
�� ���� �͵� ���.
���: (1)�� help�� '���ϴ�' (=avoid)�� ��.
I can`t help it. = It can`t be helped.
��װ: ���� �� ���-> ��¿ �� ���.
(never without~ing) '...�ϸ� ��~��ݵѴ�' (-> 96)
(with a view to~ing) '...�ϱ� '��' (-> 28)
GRAMMAR CHECK A
��= �� ������ ��: ������ �ǵ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) It is needless to say that technology is important.
It (__) without (__) that technology is important.
(2) He couldn't but burst into tears.
He couldn't (__) bursting into tears.
@p125
GRAMMAR CHECK B
������ �濡 �µ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) �츮�� �� ź������ ��; �� ����.
We (__) not (__) admire him.
(2) ���� �� �ҽ�; ��� ���� ��; �� ����.
I (__) (__) crying at the news.
(3) d���� �ּ�å���� �� ���� �ʿ߽ � �������.
(__) (__) (__) saying that honesty is the best policy.
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) I can't help feeling that a total stranger should put Mr. before my name when
he addresses me. But he didn't.
-> a total stranger (���� � ���), address = speak to
(2) I cannot say that his behavior is what it should be, but I cannot help liking
him.
-> what it should be (�ǹ����� ǰ��), It = behaviour
(3) When I compare my poverty-stricken childhood with the affluence today's
children enjoy, I cannot help wishing I were a little boy again.
-> poverty-stricken (������ ���), affluence (dz��)
(4) Down to the middle of the eighteenth century the population of England, like
those of all her neighbors, grew at a rate which cannot but appear slow when set
against the astonishing increase since that time. -> when set against~=when the
rate was considered as compared with~
(__)���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
���� ����: ��� �� ����; ���� ���� ��; �� ����.
(all, present, shed tears, sight)
@p126
71. prevent...from~Ing
The snow prevented us from going out. �� ������ �츮�� �������� ���ߴ�.
Check Point
(prevent (keep)...from~ing)�� '...��~�ϴ� ��; ����'
= The snow kept us from going out.
* �� ����: ������ �־ �Ǵ� ��찡 ����, '...������...:~�� �� ���'��
Bad weather prevented them from coming.
= They couldn't come because of bad weather.
������ ������ ������ ��: �� �� ����.
���: (prevent from~ing)���� ��=�� ��: ����; �� �� �ִ�.(����ü)
The noise from downstairs _prevented_ me from sleeping
= The noise from downstairs _prevented_ me sleeping.
= The noise from downstairs _prevented_ my sleeping.
�Ʒ���� ��= ������ ���� ��; �� �� ����.
GRAMMAR CHECK A
������ �濡 �µ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) ���� ���� �־ �4� �� �ʾ�4ϴ�.
Urgent affairs (__) me (__) (__) in time.
(2) �ƹ��� �츮�� ��ȥ; ��; �� ����.
No one can (__) (__) (__) (__) married.
(3) �츮�� �� ���� ;�߹� ������ �ٸƾ� �Ѵ�.
We must (__) another war (__) (__) out.
@p127
GRAMMAR CHECK B
��= ����; (__)���� ��ÿ� ��� ���� �ٲÿ�.
(1) He couldn't come because of illness.
(Illness�� �����Ͽ�)
(2) Why didn't you come to the party?
(keep; �Ἥ)
(3) Business prevents him from taking a few days off.
(He�� �����)�ؼ
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) An unexpected emergency prevented me from paying him a visit.
(2) Some sources of frustration can be found within the individual himself. His
own limitations may prevent him from achieving certain goals.
-> frustration (����, himself ��v���), limitation (�ɷ��� �Ѱ�)
(3) Theoretically, modern science can prevent polluted air from destroying ancient
masterpieces of art and architecture.
-> theoretically (�����8��), masterpieces (����ǰ��)
(4) The fact that devils do not exist failed to prevent people from writing
countless books about them. It is the same with English humor. It may not exist but
this simple fact has failed to prevent thousands of writers from producing book
upon book on the subject.
(__)���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
���: �� ��� ���� �� ���4ϱ�? (prevent, from )
@p128
���дɷ½��� ���� ������
Check Your Structure Power!
�Ʒ��� Passage��: 96�г ���дɷ½��� ����ι� ���f�߽ � ���structure��;
1. When choosing between a purely competent person without interest and a less
competent person with zeal, I always choose zeal over ability. ('96 ��� 23��)
Note: When choosing -> Structure 51
2. We have all grown up, knowing that people are different. They spend their
money in different ways, while seeking different pleasures... We have been brought
up to believe that such differences are what makes life interesting. ('96���
Note: while seeking -> Structure 51
3. The only long-term solution is to make life in the rural areas more
attractive , which would encourage people to stay there. ('96 49-50��)
Note: which -> Structure 77
@p129
* ����� ������ �ڴȣ��
79; upset, embarrassed, confusing, destination, precious, convenience,
requirements, for one's own sake, regret,
81: take~by surprise,
83: sustain, discourage, stimulate, generalize
85: find fault with, defects, scarcity
87: acquisition, admiration. esteem
89: can't afford to, luxuries
91: run out of, tropical, dwelling, prehistoric, carvings, monument
93: remote, volcanic, caution, prescription, appropriate, annoy
95: overcome, handicap, recognize, nectar
97: damage, abandon
99: obstacles, segment, in that, unique, extraordinary
103: monotonous, exhausting, previous, pillar, cathedral, chatter, woodpecker,
elm
109: tyranny, originate, consume, poison, license
111: inspect, take chances, get across
113: clues
115: hurl, pursuit
117: sympathy, attic, nervous
119: solitude, flee
121: applause
123: counteract
125: address, poverty-stricken, affluence
127: frustration, limitation
@p132
72. �����(1) �־
The news made her sad. �� �ҽ�; ��� �ߴ����� ���׳.
Check Point
���� ���� ��� ; ����� ������ �� ��־. '��', '����', '��/', 'v��',
'�纸'�� ��; ���� ����.
(1) ��: The next morning found him walking along the beach.(=He was walking
along the beach the next morning.)
(2) ����: The noise kept me awake all night.(=I was kept awake all night
because of the noise.)
(3) ��/: Their laughter made him angry.(=He got angry because they laughed.)
(4) v��: This street will take you to the museum.(=If you take this street, you
will come to the museum.)
(5) �纸 No amount of wealth can satisfy her.(=However wealthy she may be, she
cannot be satisfied.)
���: enable, force, cause, compel, oblige, allow, permit � ����; �� ��־Ͽ�
���� ����� ��������.
GRAMMAR CHECK A
������ �濡 �µ��� ( )���� �ܾ � 迭�Ͻÿ�.
(1) 10�� �ɾ � �״ū ȣ�ߴ����� ��ڿ. (Ten minutes', him, to, walk, a large
hotel, took).
(2) �� ��� ���� ������ ���ɴϴ�.(to, takes, Seoul, road, you, this).
@p133
GRAMMAR CHECK B,
��= �� ������ ��: ������ �ǵ��� ��ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) We'll be able to produce more by that machine.
That machine will (__) us (__) produce more.
(2) Why did you move to this neighborhood?
What (__) (__) (__) to this neighborhood?
(3) His behavior caused everyone a lot of worry.
Everyone was (__) (__) because of his behavior.
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) Ten minutes' walk took him to a splendid hotel by the lake.
-> splendid (ȣȭ�ο�)
(2) His knowledge of English enabled him to learn German easily.
(3) The ten years in England convinced me that I would never know English
perfectly.
-> convince (Ȯ�Ž�Ű��)
(4) The idea of leaving the farm and her family and changing her way of life made
her sad.
(5) The next morning many noises brought him out of his bed to the window. Dull
pains in his back reminded him of last night's hard work.
-> dull pains (����)
(6) My experience in Korea has taught me many good points of the Korean people.
First of all, I must tell you of their kindness and warm hearts.
-> good points (��a)
( )���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
���� �� ��Ƹ� ���� ��=�� ���ʹ�. (sight, orphan, sad)
@p134
73. ���� �(2) �־
The noise kept me from sleeping last night. ��l�� ��= ������ ���� ��;
Check Point
���� ���� ��� 72�� ���� �츮����� ���ؼϴ� ���� ���ϸ� Ư��
remind, prevent ���� ��� �ָ��Ѵ�.
(1) remind '��� �ϴ�'; deprive '���Ѵ�'
* (remind A of B)�� 'A���� B�� ��� �ϴ�'
* (deprive A of B)�� 'A�κ��� B�� ���Ѵ�'
(2) save '����ϴ�'; cost '(���;) ���ϴ�'
This computer would save us a lot of time. �� ��ǻ�� ��п� �츮�� �ð�; ����
����� �� ��; �����.
(3) prevent, keep '����', '�����ϴ�'
* prevent(keep) A from B 'A�� B�ϴ� ��; �����ϴ�' (-> 74)
(4) leave, keep '(� ���·�) �����'
Gambling left him penniless. ����8�� ����� �״Ǭ�� �Ǿ��.
(5) surprise '���� �ϴ�'; satisfy '��w��Ű��'; please '�� � �ϴ�'����
��d; ��Ÿ���� Ÿ����
* '���'; �� ��־Ͽ� ���·� ���� ��찡 ����.
The gift pleased him. = He was pleased with the gift.
GRAMMAR CHECK A
������ �濡 �µ��� ( )���� �ܾ � 迭�Ͻÿ�.
(1) �� ������ ������ ��� �ִ� ���: ���� �� ���� �ʾҴ�. (sunlight,
them, skyscraper, of, the, the, deprived).
(2) �� ;���� ����;�� �״Ҿ��. (laziness, job, cost, his, him, his).
@p135
GRAMMAR CHECK B
��= �� ������ ��: ������ �ǵ��� ��ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) We could not go there on account of the storm. The storm (__) us (__) going
there.
(2) They had to postpone their departure because of the rain. The rain (__) them
to postpone their departure.
(3) I can't look at the picture without crying. This picture always (__) me cry.
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) But what, Fleming asked himself, was preventing the bacteria from growing near
the mold.
-> Fleming '�÷���(1881~1955). ������ ��������. ��ϽǸ�; �߰� �'
(2) The difficulties of the English language prevent all but a handful of
foreigners from approaching the literature in the original.
-> but = except, in the original (��8��)
(3) A glance at the ancient manuscripts in the British Museum will give us some
idea of the contents of ancient libraries.
-> manuscript (�ʻ纻), libraries (�弭��)
(4) Conversely, we must not take our fears so seriously that they prevent us from
taking any risks. Often, by taking well-thought-out risks, we run a lesser danger
than if we always try to play it safe.
-> Conversely (��8��, �)��ݴ, take-seriously (~; �ɰ��ϰ� ���ϴ�), take risks
(����; �ϴ�) run a danger ('�迡 ó�ϴ�), play it safe (�����ϰ� �ൿ�ϴ�)
( )���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
�� ����; ���� ���� ����л� ������ ���8���. (picture, remind)
@p136
74 ���ǥ��
Please take a look at this paper. �� �Ź�; ������.
Check Point
(1) (���� + a + ���)��: �� ��縦 ����� ���� ���� ��; ���� ����;
have a swim (=swim) '���ϴ�' give a sigh (=sigh) '�Ѽ�; ����', make a speech
(=speak) '�����ϴ�', take a walk (=walk), take a look at (=look).
(2) (_��/��_+_���_ / _���_ + _of_ + _���_)
His death surprised us. ���ٴ� �� � װǿ� �츮�� ����.
(=We were surprised that he had died.)
The success of her novel made her rich.
(=She got rich because her novel was successful.) �Ҽ��� ����� ��� �׳ ؼ
� �� � �Ǿ��.
(3) (_���_ + _of_ + _���_)
I succeeded in the recovery of the stolen wallet.
(=Luckily, I recovered the stolen wallet.) ���� �� �p� �������� ��;
(4) (���� + ��� (~�ϴ� ���)): (���� + �λ�)�� ��ִ� �� �� �ٲ.
He is a good violinist. = He plays the violin well.
GRAMMAR CHECK A
��= �� ������ ��: ������ �ǵ��� ��ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) She speaks English very well. She is a very (__) (__) (__) English.
(2) My father gets up early. My father is (__) (__) (__).
@p137
GRAMMAR CHECK B
������ �濡 �µ��� ( )���� �ܾ � 迭�Ͻÿ�.
(1) I waited for the bus for a long time. I had (__) long (__) for the bus.
(2) We were astonished because she appeared suddenly. Her (__) astonished us.
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) I had a hasty breakfast and left home.
(2) His speech made a strong impression on the listeners.
(3) As I am a poor sailor, I don't like to travel by boat.
-> a poor sailor (��̸ֹ� �ϴ� ���)
(4) She cried at the sight of her father's dead body.
-> at the sight of~ = when she saw~
(5) I'll have a talk with him about his drama that is now on the stage.
-> be on the stage (�������)
(6) To foreign teachers of English it seems that a typical Korean student has a
great reluctance to speak even when he has a lot of things to talk about.
-> have a great reluctance to~ = be very reluctant to~
(7) Though I have read so much, I am a bad reader. I read slowly, and I am a poor
skipper. I find it difficult to leave a book, however bad and however much it bores
me, unfinished.
-> find it difficult to~ (it: �������. to���ϰ� ������.), leave~
unfinished (~; �ϵ����� �ʰ� �δ�)
@p138
75 ���λ� where, when
Leave it where it was. �� ;�װִ � �� �ξ��.
Check Point
���λ�� (��ġ��+������)�� ��ִ� �� ���� �ٲ.
(1) ���λ� where: ������ the plane ���� '���'�� ��Ÿ����.
This is the building.+He lives _there._
-> This is the building where he lives.
= This is the building _in which_ he lives.
= This is the building _(which)_ he lives in.
= This is the building _(that)_ he lives in.
(2) ���λ� when: ������ the time ���� '��'�� ��Ÿ����.
The month is March. + School begins _then_.
-> The month when school begins is March.
= The month _in which_ school begins is March.
= The month _(which)_ school begins in is March.
�б��� ���۵ Ǵ� ��: 3�����.
���: ����� �Ǵ� ���λ��� �� ���� ��Ǵ� ��찡 ����.
The day (when) I first met her was windy.
I decided to find (the place) where I could stay.
GRAMMAR CHECK A
��= �����; ���λ縦 �Ἥ �� ����8�� ����ÿ�.
(1) That is the village. I was born and bred there.
(2) 1 was born in the year. My father died then.
@p139
GRAMMAR CHECK B
��= �� ������ ��: ������ �ǵ��� ��ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) Tell me the exact time (__) you will come back. Tell me the exact time you
will come back.
(2) This is the stream where used to swim. This is the stream (__) (__) we used to
swim.
(3) We decided to sell the villa (__) we lived. We decided to sell the villa we
lived (__).
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) We can now foresee a time when everyone can have an air-conditioned house
which is heated, lighted, and cooled entirely by atomic power.
-> foresee (�����ϴ�)
(2) Material things cannot in themselves achieve anything. They count only where
there is a will to use them.
-> material (��������), count (� ��ϴ�
)
(3) A tremendous market has been developed for these reptiles, especially among
the tourist trade of Florida, and other places where they are found.
-> tremendous (��û��), reptile (�����)
(4) The time will surely come when my words will come true, but when it actually
comes, I shall have long been dead.
( )���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
�츮�� ����� ȣ��: ���غ��� �־. (where, by)
@p140
76 ���λ� why, how, that
This is how he solved the problem. ����� �� �״ �� �ؼf�� �ߴ���ذ.
Check Point
(1) ���λ� why: ������ the reason���, ����� �Ǵ� ���� �� �ϳ��� ��Ǵ�
��I찡don't
����.
know the reason why he was absent.
= I don't know why he was absent.
= I don't know the reason (_that_) he was absent. ���� ��� ������ �װ/���
�ڴ.
This(That) is why (the reason)~ (���'�8��� ' � ��)
(2) ���λ� how: ������ the way��� ����߽ � ����� �ϳ� � � � � ȴ� .
I dislike how he smiles.
= I dislike the way he smiles. ���� ���� ��� ����� ��=�� ���� �ʴ´�.
This(That) is how (the way)~ (�����'� ���' �ؼ�~)
(3) ���λ� that: when, where, why, how ��ſ� that; ���� ��찡 ��8�� ����
when ��ſ� ���� ���� �� �ִ�.
I was born in the year that(=when) the President died. ���� �������
���ư��� �¾� �ؿ��.
GRAMMAR CHECK A
��= ������ that; ��� ����� �ٸŸ���ÿ�.
(1) That is the reason _that_ he was tired.
(2) Do you know the country _that_ he wants to go to?
(3) Mother left on the day _that_ we came here.
(4) 1 like the way _that_ she walks.
@p141
GRAMMAR CHECK B
������ �濡 �µ��� ��ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) ����� ���� �� ���� ������ �� ���. (__) (__) (__) I can't agree
(2) ��� ��8�� ������� ⸦���� ���� �� �״. (__) (__) (__) he made the
model plane.
(3) ���� ����� �� �ؼϾ � � . (__) (__) the (__) it happened.
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) One reason so many unnecessary and foolish thing are said on television is
that so much is said.
(2) For the language teacher, this means that you simply cannot teach a language
to an adult the way a child learns. That's why it's such a hard job.
-> simply (������)
(3) Every bad habit acquired is a barrier to better habits later; that is why
first formation of habit in early infancy is so important.
-> barrier (to)~ (~�� ���� ��ֹ�), infancy (/�Ʊ�)
(4) He liked the way her silky brown hair shone, and the way her eyes would be
kind of downcast under her lashes and then they'd open wide and sparkle.
-> silky (��ܰ� :), kind of (�=' � ڰټsomewhat'), downcast (��; ������), lashes
= eyelashes (�Ӵ���), sparkle (���)
(5) There is no good reason why we should fear the future, but there is abundant
reason why we should face it seriously.
( )���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
��°�� ���� �ʾ���� ��/�� ����غ. (tell, late)
@p142
77 ~, who...
I called on Tom, who wasn't at home. ���� ������ �߽� µ�� ����� �� �״.
Check Point
���� �տ� ��ǥ�� ��8�� ������ ����� ���(��f���� ���)���� �Ѵ�.
����� ����� ������: ���ƿ� ��� and, but, for, because, though ����
= I called in Tom, but he wasn't at home.
(1) �������� ����� ���
#1. that, what���� ����� ����� ���.
#2. ����� ����� ������� ���� �� ���.
#3. ����� ����� which,�� ���� ���� �Ϻγ� ��ü�� ������ �� �� �ִ�.
She tried _to reach him_, which was impossible. � � � ������ ���׳Ϸ� ����
�Ұ����ߴ�.
_She studied hard_, which enabled her to pass the exam. ������� ��׳
����Ͽ���, ��п� ���߽ �հ � � ߴ�.
(2) ����� ����� ���
����� ����� �ִ� ���λ�� when�� where.
I went to New York, where (=and there) I met Dr. Smith. ���� ����8�� ����
�ű߽ � ���� �ڻ縦 ������.
GRAMMAR CHECK A
��= �� ������ ��: ������ �ǵ��� ��ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) I'm going with Tom, whom I dislike. I'm going with Tom, (__) I dislike (__).
(2) She was reading a book, when someone screamed. She was reading a book, and
(__) someone screamed.
@p143
GRAMMAR CHECK B
������ �濡 �µ��� ��ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) ���� �״t�� ���� � �װ: ������ � ��. He said he was sick, (__) (__) a lie.
(2) ���� �ƹ� ���� ���� ���� � ��� �״ȭ�� �´�. I said nothing, (__)
made him still more angry.
(3) ��� �� �״f�� Ǯ�p� ���� ��װ: �Ұ����ߴ�. He tried to solve the
problem, (__) was impossible.
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) I asked them to send me some samples of printing in many of these languages,
which they did.
(2) A man should never be ashamed to admit he has been in the wrong, which is but
saying, in other words, that he is wiser today than he was yesterday.
-> own (��d�ϴ�, ����ϴ�), in the wrong = wrong
(3) We must be the defender of rights and liberties of the people, which are
guaranteed in the Constitution.
-> guarantee (�����ϴ�)
(4) So life went very smoothly for nearly five years, made easy by the fact that
we were being looked after by someone who was really a very efficient, unpaid
servant, when suddenly it was discovered that she was seriously ill with a rare
disease needing hospital treatment, and the nearest suitable hospital was two
hundred miles away.
-> made easy =, which was made easy, efficient (�ɷ�����)
( )���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
6�ñ��� ���� �״ �ٷ,���� ���ƿ� �״ϱ�. (Wait, when)
@p144
78 ~, one of which...
He bought some books, one of which was a novel. � �״å; �� �� ��µ� �� ��:
Check Point
(1) �����߽ � ġ����� ���� �Ǵ� ���
This is the studio in which he works.
= This is the studio _which(that)_ he works _in_. ���Ⱑ � ��� �װϴ�
����: ������ that�տ��� ��ġ�߽ � ��� ���. �� (��ġ��+������)������
�����縦 ���� �� ���.
(2) (��ġ��+������...)�� ��� ���ϴ� ���
#1 none(some, many, all, both, one) of which (whom)~
#2 during, besides, beyond� '��ġ��+������'��; ����.
The city has ten schools, five of which are high schools.
I tried on six pairs of shoes, none of which I liked.
I have three brothers, all of whom are doctors.
He introduced me to his two roommates, both of whom are from the U.S.
GRAMMAR CHECK A
������ �濡 �µ��� ��ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) ������� ������ �־3 ��� ����10 ⸧���� ���״.
He caught ten fish, (__) (__) (__) he gave me.
(2) �� �ð�� 20��� �־µ � ���� �ʴ�.
This watch, (__) I paid 20 dollars, is not good.
@p145
GRAMMAR CHECK B
��= ������ Ʋ�� �κ�; dd�Ͻÿ�.
(1) She has three daughters, one of who are older than I.
���� ���� ��׳ε� �� ��: ������ ����� ����.
(2) This is the gentleman that I spoke the other day.
�� ���� ���� ���� ���ߴ� �� �Ż����.
(3) Pingpong is one of the sports of that she is fond.
Ź���� �׳ �~��ϴ� ������ �� �ϳ���.
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) It is they who teach us to see new beauties in nature of whose existence we
have never dreamed.
(2) The only way in which man can hope to avoid wars is to find some satisfactory
basis for emotional security other than absolute belief.
-> emotional security (d���� ��d), absolute (�������)
(3) For example, the majority of the students joined either one of the two clubs-
both of which had a majority of members of Korean descent.
-> descent (����)
(4) Language is the means by which individuals understand each other and are
enabled to function together as a community.
-> function (����ϴ�), community (��ü)
( )���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
�׳�Դ� �Ƶ��� �� �ִµ� ��ΰ� ��ȣ������. (whom, lawyers)
@p146
79 the same~as...
Her hair's the same color as mine. �� ���׳Ӹ�ī��: ���� ��: ����� �.
Check Point
(1) (the same~ that...) '~�� ��:(������)'
This is the same bracelet that I've lost. ���: ���� �Ҿ�� �����. '���Ϲ�'
(2) (the same~as...)�� '~�� ��: (��: ~���� ��)'���� ��
This is the same bracelet as I've lost. ���: ���� �Ҿ�� �Ͱ� ��:
�������. ...'��: ~��'
* �� as�� �������� ���; �ϴµ� ' ����ó�� ���� ��� �� �ִ�.
(3) (such~as...)�� '~�� ��: ����'���� ��; ��Ÿ����.
You must read such books as will benefit you. �ʿ��� /���� å; �о�߸� �Ѵ�.
Such poets as Milton (=Poets like Milton) are rare. ���ϰ� ��: ����: �߽� .�
����: the same~as/that...�� ����: ����ϰ� ������� ����� �ʴ�. that
��=���� � �־+ ���߽ � ���� ���.
GRAMMAR CHECK A
������ �濡 �µ��� ��ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) � �:�� �� � �� ������� � �� �׳: ��� �� �� �����.
She'd never do (__) things (__) lying and cheating.
(2) ��� ��: ��ҿ��� ������.
Let's meet in (__) (__) place (__) before.
@p147
GRAMMAR CHECK B
������ �濡 �µ��� ( ) ���� �ܾ � 迭�Ͻÿ�.
(1) �� ȸȭå: �ʺ������ ����� ���� �ִ� �� ������ ���ڵn �ִ�.
(understand, easy, conversation book, English, in, such, the, as, can, written,
beginners, is).
(2) ��� �� �� ����; ��ݵ10 ��ִ� ���� �״.
(same, he, is, ten, the, ago, bought, years, he, that, using, dictionary).
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) I have bought the same bicycle as you have.
(2) The Indus River serves the same function as does the Nile in Egypt.
-> function (���, ����), as does the Nile = as the Nile serves
(3) Many times they speak to an American in a subway station exactly the same way
as if they were talking to someone from their own country.
(4) 1 have only a few photographs, but can show you such as I have.
-> such as = such photographs as
(5) Through conquest and acquisition the strong overpowered the weak and made
slaves of the people. Those who were made slaves and serfs were compelled, through
forced labor, to work for their masters and lords upon such terms and conditions as
the owners and lords fixed for them.
-> acquisition (ȹ��, acquire�� �����), overpower (��~���ϴ�), make slaves of~ (�뿹
ȭ�ϴ�), serf (���, �뿹)
( )���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
���� ���; �ϴ� ���; �ָ� ��ض. (keep away, men)
@p148
80 ������ that�� Ư����
Who that has common sense can believe it? ����� �ִ� ������� ����ü ���� �
� ;�װϰڴ°�?
Check Point
������� ���� ��� ������ that; ��� �ϴ� ��찡 �ִ�. (Ư������ that)
(1) �ǹ����� who, which, what�� ������� ��
(2) ����簡 '���'�� '�繰' ����; ������ ��
Look at _the boy and the dog_ that are running over there. ���ʿ��� � �ִ� ���
�����ھ � � ���� ������.
(3) ����߽ � d�����(all, every, any, no, anything, nothing, something,
everybody ��)�� ��
_Everybody_ that came was given warm welcome. �� ��� ��� ����� ȯ��; �
(4) ����翡 ��d���� �ܾ� (������ �ֻ��, the only, the same, the very,
����'the first, ��' all, every, any, no ��)�� ��; ��
He is the last man that I want to see. ���;� ������ ���� ���� �״ϴ�
����� �ƴϴ�.
���: 2�� 4�� ��쿡� �that; ���� �� �ִ�.
GRAMMAR CHECK A
������ �濡 �µ��� ( ) ���� �ܾ � 迭�Ͻÿ�.
(1) ���Ⱑ ���� �ƴ� �ְ��� ȣ������. (the, that, this, best, is, hotel) I know.
(2) ��� ����� �״Ź�ϴ� ��: � ����� �� �����. (that, will, he, anything,
do) you ask him to.
@p149
GRAMMAR CHECK B
������ �濡 �µ��� ��ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) ����� �ϴ� ��: ��� ����ΰ� �и��ϴ�.
All (__) you say is certainly true.
(2) �� �� ;�� ���� �״ ִ � /���� ������.
He is (__) (__) man (__) I can trust.
(3) �� ��׳ѱ��� ��: ���� '���� =�ǰ��� �.
She is (__) musician Korea has ever produced.
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) All that is necessary is to know how to do it, not what to do.
(2) Many men nowadays seem to have the feeling that in vast modern societies there
is nothing important that the individual can do.
-> the feeling that~ (that������ �3�'. that: feeling; ����ϴ� ����
�����), nothing of importance = nothing important
(3) Who that has encountered his favorite author in the flesh has not sometimes
been a little, if not wholly, disappointed?
-> in the flesh (��b '=in person'), if not wholly (����8�� ����� ����)
(4) It was really interesting to watch what he did on the swinging rope; I myself
had practiced gymnastics in school, so every least thing the monkey did in his
performance had a very special appeal to me.
-> gymnastics (üv), every least thing (�ƹ��� ��: �����), performance
(����), had a very special appeal to me = very specially appealed to me
(������ ������ ���� ���־.)
( ) ���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
� ��� ��� � ���� ���״� ����� � ��� ݱǸ��� ������ �. (that, ever)
@p150
81 ������ but
There is no one but loves his own country. � �ڱv��; ������� �ʴ� ���:
Check Point
(1) ������ but: ��d�������� ���� that...not�� ��: ��.(����)
= There is no one that doesn't love his own country.
(2) �������� than�� ��������8�� ����� �� 찡 �ִ�.
Please don't carry more money than is needed.
82 as Is often the case with~
She is late, as Is often the case with her. ~~ ������ �׳�� �ʾ��.
(1) (as is often the case with~) '...���Դ� ���� �ִ� ������'
* �� as�� ������μ� '...ó��'���� ��; �����ϸ�, ���� �� ��ü��
������ �Ѵ�. as is usual with �Ǵ� as usual ���� �Ѵ�.
As is often the case with children, my kid dislikes vegetables. ������� ~~ �
�����, �� ����� ��ä�� �Ⱦ��Ѵ�.
GRAMMAR CHECK A
������ �濡 �µ��� ( )���� �ܾ � 迭�Ͻÿ�.
(1) �� � ����� �״��� �ʰ� ��Ÿ����. (him, usual, as, with, was), he
showed up late.
(2) �� � ���� : �ƹ��� ���. There is (him, one, knows, no, but).
@p151
GRAMMAR CHECK B
��= �� ������ ��: ������ �ǵ��� ��ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) There is no rule but has some exceptions.
There is no rule (__) have some exceptions.
(2) There is nothing on the earth but is affected by the sun.
I (__) on the earth is affected by the sun.
(3) Everyone knows him.
There is no one (__) knows him.
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) It is the laborious and painstaking men who are the rulers of the world. There
has not been a statesman of eminence but was a man of industry.
-> laborious (�)���ٸ, painstaking (����ϴ�, �)���־, cf. take pains=make an
effort, of eminence = eminent (Ź����), of industry = industrious (�)���ٸ
(2) But she was also stubborn, as her mother had been before her, and, as is often
the case with very clever young people, she grew up to find her elders more
interesting company than members of her own generation.
-> stubborn (����), company (ģ��, ����), generation (����)
(3) Landing on the moon is but the first step : for this, explorers must carry
with them very much more than has been necessary for adventurers who have plunged
into the deserts of our Earthland.
-> but (���� '=just')
( )���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
��a�� ��� ���: ���. (but, faults)
@p152
83 what is called~
He is what Is called a bookworm. � ����� �״å�����.
Check Point
(1) ������ what: the thing(s) which, that(those) which, all that, anything
that�� ��; ��Ÿ����.
He gave me what(=the thing which) I wanted. ���� ���� �״ϴ� ��; ���־.
(2) (what is call~) = (what we(you, they)call~) '��''
* so-called~�� ��: ��. �� ��� �տ����� ����.
84 A is to B what C is to D.
Air is to man what water is to fish. ���� ��� ���� ���� �������
Check Point
(A is to B what(as) C is to D.) = (What C is to D, A is to B) = (As C is to D, so
A is(is A) to B.)�� 'A�� ���� B�� ���� C�� D�� ���� ���� ����'���
GRAMMAR CHECK A
������ �濡 �µ��� ��ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�,
(1) ������ ���� ���װϰ� ��: �����. That's (__) I'd (__) to point out.
(2) ��: ��' '������ε�'���. They are (__) are (__) "warmongers".
GRAMMAR CHECK B
������ �濡 �µ��� (__) ���� �ܾ � 迭�Ͻÿ�.
(1) ������ d���� ���� =�İ� 0ü���� ���� ����.
(to, to, the, the, is, is, what, body, mind, reading, food).
(2) ���� �8�� :�� � �� � ؼ �� �Ǵ��t� ����� ������� � ߽��� �״.
�
(I, him, from, what, seem, the exam, heard about, he, have failed, to).
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) The althea tree is to Korea what the rose is to Western nations.
-> althea (����ȭ)
(2) Young children seem to understand a great deal of what is said around them
before they start talking.
-> a great deal of~ (��:...)
(3) If Americans disagree with what you are saying, many of them will remain
silent. Often it only means that they consider it impolite to argue further.
-> consider it���� it: to argue further�� ����Ŵ, further (�߰� ���, ��� ǹ �)
(4) He made his way in what he believed to be the right direction.
-> make one's way (���ư���)
( )���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
���; '�� �� �� � ִ � ������ ������ �����. (what, can)
@p154
85 what is better
She is intelligent, and what is better, beautiful. �� ��׳Ӹ��� �p� ��� �� ��:
��: �Ƹ����.
Check Point
(1) (what is(was) + �):� '��� ...�� ��:'���� ��; ��Ÿ����.
(what is better) '��� ��: ��:'
(what is worse) '��� �8�'
(what is more) '�Դ��', '�����'
(what is more important) '��� ����� �:'
I met an old friend, and what was more strange, my old sweetheart. ���� ��
ģ���� �����µ� ��� �ǹ��� ��: �� ����; ������.
(2) (what makes matters(the matter)worse) = to make matters(the matter)worse =
and what is worse = '��� �8�'
He fell down from the roof, and what made the matter worse, broke his leg. � �״
���� �����ؿs�� ��� �8� � � ���ٸη�s��.
(3) (what is best(of all)): '���� ��: ��:'���� ��; ��Ÿ����.
GRAMMAR CHECK A
������ �濡 �µ��� ��ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) �� å: �q �ϰ� �Դ�� ��δ�.
This book is good, and (__) (__) (__), cheap.
(2) �� ���� �״Ҿ�� ��� �8� ��ġ����� � ߴ�.
He lost his money, and (__) (__) (__), got hurt.
@p155
GRAMMAR CHECK B
������ �濡 �µ��� ��ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(l) ���������� �
� 8�� ����� ������ �����ߴ�.
It got dark, and (__) (__) (__), it began to rain.
(2) Ư�� � � װ:�� �ߵ� ������ ���ƿԴ ������ �ٴ.
(__) was (__) of all, he returned safe and sound.
(3) ��� ���ο� ��: �� ����� ��ȥ����� �ߴٴ � ��.
(__) (__) (__) (__), the two got married.
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) I did not know the city at all and what is more, I could not speak a word of
the language. After having spent my first day sightseeing in the town center, I
decided to lose my way deliberately on my second day, since I believed that this
was the surest way of getting to know my way around.
-> lose one's way (��; �Ҵ�), deliberately (���Ƿ�, �ǵ���8��
'=intentionally'), know one's way around (��� �˴�)
(2) What is more curious than losing its tail, however, is the fact that it can
grow a new one, although the new tail will not be able to change from brown to
green for a little while.
-> curious (�ű���, ����)
(3) A policeman has to know exactly what actions are crimes and what evidence can
be used to prove them in court. He has to know nearly as much law as a professional
lawyer, and what is more, he has to apply it on his feet, in the dark and rain,
running down an alley after someone he wants to talk to.
( )���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
�츮�� �� ҳ��⸦������µ� ���� �8 �� ���; ���� ���� �ʾҴ�. (what, matters)
@p156
86 What with~and(what with~)
What with overwork and malnutrition, she fell ill. ���� �����v�� ����
����� ���� ��׳.
Check Point
(1) (what with~and(what with)....) '...�ϱ �ϰ�...�ϱ ���( '�ؼ/, ����)
What with the wind and the rain, our trip was spoiled. �� �ͼ� ����� ��ٶ츮��
����: ����� �Ǿ��.
(2) (what by~and(what by)...) '...�ϱ �ϰ� ...�ϱ ����('�ؼ, ���)
What by carrot and stick, he tamed the beast. ȫ�߽� ����� ä�� ﵵἭ (=���� ���å;
�Ἥ)� ��� ��� �״鿴�� .
87 what one is
My mother has made me what I am. ��Ӵϰ� �4��� ���� �ְ� �ߴ�.
Check Point
(1) (what one is)�� '������ �� ���(����� �ΰ�)'���� �����. ������
��: '��Ӵϰ� ���� ������ ���� ������'.
2. (what one was (used to be))�� '����� �� ���'���� ��.
GRAMMAR CHECK A
������ �濡 �µ��� ��ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) �4��� ��� �״� �ڱӴ� ����� �.
He owes (__) (__) (__) to his mother.
(2) �� �״� ����� � װƴϴ�.
He is not (__) (__) (__).
@p157
GRAMMAR CHECK B
������ �濡 �µ��� ( ) ���� �ܾ � 迭�Ͻÿ�.
(1) �4��� �� �װ ִ � ��: �θ���� ������.
(parents, made, what, your, are, have, you, you).
(2) ���: ����� �ƴ϶� �ΰ�8�� Ǿ� ���Ѵ�.
(is, is, should be, what, not, what, by).
(3) �
ָ �� �ϰ� ��ġ� �� �� ���� ���� � װ ��� �ؼҴ � .
(with, fatigue, what, hunger, at, the dog, died, last, and)
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) I cannot live on my wages with prices being what they are now.
(2) It is quite certain that what a man is contributes much more to his happiness
than what he has.
-> what a man is (����� �ΰ�), what he has (���� ...���)
(3) Once we begin to imagine what the world ought to be, we are apt to be blind to
what it is.
-> what the world ought to be (�ǹ����� ����), what it is (��Ǽ���)
(4) What with ill health, financial worries, anxiety about her children, and the
strain of running a business, the poor woman broke down.
-> strain (��ݹ, ���), breakdown (�ɽ��� ��������)
(5) 'Yes, but what did we use to do before there was television?' How often we
hear statements like this! Television hasn't been with us all that long, but we are
already beginning to forget what the world was like without it.
@p158
88 �������
He saved what (little) money he earned. ���� �� �� �� �� ⰡڱǴ� ��; ���
�����ߴ�.
Check Point
(1) ������� (what + ���)�� ��=�� ��: ��; ��Ÿ����.
#1. '���� ���...' (=all the little(few)~that)
* ���� (what little(few) + ���)��; ���Ѵ�.
= I saved all the little money (_that_) I earned.
#2. '...�ϴ� ��ŭ��~' (=as much(many)~as...)
Bring what boxes you can carry.
= Bring as many boxes as you can carry. ����� �� �ִ� ��� ������� ��� �ڸ
�<���.
#3. '...�ϴ� �(���)~' (=any(all (the))~that...)
Give me what books you have on the subject.
= Give me _any(all)_ books (_that_) you have on the subject. ��� �ִ� å: � å���
(���) �ֽʽÿ�.
(2) ������� (which + ���); ����� ��� ����.
It was written in German, which language I didn't understand.
= It was written in German, and I didn't understand that language.
��װ: ���Ͼ�� ���� ��־µ� ���� �� ���Ͼ ���� �� �ߴ�.
GRAMMAR CHECK A
������ �濡 �µ��� ��ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) ���� ��8��� ��; ��� �� v�� ����.
I was told to stay, (__) (__) I took.
(2) �� �� �� ���� �״� � װǴ� ��; ��� ���ο��� ���־.
He gave the beggar (__) little money he had.
@p159
GRAMMAR CHECK B
��= �� ������ ��: ������ �ǵ��� ��ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) He'll be grateful for all the help you'll give him.
He'll be grateful for (__) (__) you'll give him.
(2) He kindly lent me what money he had with him.
He was kind (__) to lend me (__) the money he had with him.
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) One of the saddest sights in this world is that of a young man who has
sacrificed what little health and constitution he had on account of the hard
struggle for existence.
-> sacrifice (����ϴ�), constitution (ü��)
(2) What little we know, what little power we possess, we owe to the accumulated
endeavors of our ancestors.
-> accumulated (�����), endeavors (��� '=efforts')
(3) I sigh when I reflect on the amount of time I have wasted on books that were
of no great profit to me. What little guidance I had I owe to a young man who came
to live with the same family in Heidelberg as I was living with.
-> reflect on (��� ���ϴ�.), guidance (��, �ε�),
( )���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
�츮�� �� ���� ��: �ð�; v����� �Ʋ��� �Ѵ�. (what, save)
@p160
89 ���հ�����
Give this picture to whoever wants it. �� ��; �������� ���ϴ� ���� �־
Check Point
(1) whoever = anyone who�� '...�ϴ� ���: ������'��� ��.
= I'll give this money to _anyone who_ wants it.
* ������ whoever�� ��=�� whomever�� ���� ����� �����϶�.
I'll give this money to whomever you want to give it.
= I'll give this money to anyone whom you want to give it.
(2) whichever = anything that: '...�ϴ� ��� ��(��� ��)���'��� ��.
* (whichever + ���) = any~that Take whichever (=anything that) you like best.
��� ����� ���� �~��ϴ� ��; ��8����.
(3) whatever = anything that: '...�ϴ� � ��(��)���'��� ��.
* (whatever + ���) = any~that Whatever (=Anything that) I have is yours.
�� ��: ��� �� �����.
���: ���հ����翡�� �纸�� �λ���; ���� ����� �ִ�. (-> 435)
GRAMMAR CHECK
������ �濡 �µ��� ��ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) �ʿ��� ���Դ� �������� �� ;�װ ּ ���.
Please give it to (__) needs it.
(2) �������� ����� ��; �� � ִ � ���; �ʴ��ϼ���.
Invite (__) you can trust.
@p161
GRAMMAR CHECK B
������ �濡 �µ��� ( ) ���� �ܾ � 迭�Ͻÿ�.
(1) �θ���� �ϴ� ��: � ����� ���� �Ѵ�.
We should obey (parents, orders, whatever, give, our).
(2) ���� �϶�� �ϸ� � ������� � �� � Ⲩϰ ��ھ.
(you, I'll, to, to, do, whatever, be, me, glad, want, to).
(3) ���� ���� ����� �״ϸ� ���� �� �� ���� ��; �ɾ��.
(thought, he, he, foreigner, to, spoke, was, a, whoever).
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) Everyone has the ability and the right to examine and judge whatever is being
communicated to him.
(2) The roots of vegetables suck up whatever sustenance may flow to them at the
particular spot where they happen to be stuck.
-> suck up ���Ƶ����/sustenance �����
(3) It is a worthy ambition to do well whatever one does. This is an ambition
nobody should be without. Even in the playground one should have an ambition to
play well, to be a
good pitcher or catcher, or to excel in whatever part one has to play.
-> excel in ...�� �پ� �
( ) ���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
���� d���� ������� � ������ ����ϰ�ڴ. (will, employ, whoever)
@p162
���� 90 not always-
The rich are not always happy. ���ູ� ��ڵ��� �ݵ ����� : �ƴϴ�.
(��ΰ� ...���� �� �� ���)��� �Ϻθ� ��d�ϴ� ǥ��; �κк�d, (��ΰ�
ǥ��; ��ü��d���� �Ѵ�.
1. (not + all(every, each)-> '��ΰ� ...��� �� ��� ���.'
Everyone cannot be happy.
������ �ູ ���� �� �ִ��� �� �� ���.
2. (not + both-> '���� ��� ...��� �� ��� ���.'
I don't know both of your children.
���� ����� ����� �� ��; �� �˰� � ִ � ��: �ƴϴ�.
3. (not always(necessarily)-> '� ��ݵ...��� �� ��� ���.'
The study of English is not necessarily difficult.
�����н�: ��� ��ݵƴ�� �� ��� ���.
4. (not altogether (quite)-> '����8�� ...��� �� ��� ���.'
The party was not altogether pleasant.
�� ��Ƽ�� ����8�� ��ſ�� ��: �ƴϴ�.
���: ��ü��d; ��Ÿ���x� no(=not-any), none, never, not-at all( -> 91),
neither( -> 93) ��;
����.
GRAMMAR CHECK A
������ �濡 �µ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) �� f�� ��� ���ڵհ � � � � � : � ƴ ϴ � .
(__) (__) my students (__) passed the exam.
(2) �� ��f��: ��� ��ȥ���� �ʾҴ�. (��ü��d)
(__) (__) my brothers have been married.
@p163
GRAMMAR CHECK B
��= ����; ( ) ���� ��ÿ� ��� ���� �ٲÿ�.
(1) I know neither of them. (�κк�d8��)
(2) Everybody cannot be a poet. (��ü��d8��)
(3) That kind of book is nowhere to be found. (�κк�d8��)
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) Try to find hints which might help you understand, even if you cannot get all
the
words correctly.
(2) Many people think that you need to be slim if you want to look good. But not
everyone eats the right food for a slim figure and good health.
-> slim ������/figure ���
(3) Opportunities come to us all, but we are not necessarily ready for them when
they
come.
-> be ready for- ...�� ����ϴ�/them=opportunities
(4) They also realize that there is no single solution to the problem of stress-
after all,
what is stressful for one person is not necessarily stressful for everyone-so the
ultimate
responsibility for our well-being rests first and foremost with ourselves.
-> ultimate �ñ�����/rest with ...�� ���ִ�/first and foremost ����=(�ٵfirst
of all)
( ) ���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
���� �ູ����ݵ ; ��n���ִ� ��: �ƴϴ�. (money)
@p164
���� 91 not-at all
I don't know about it at all. ���� ����װͿ� ���� ���ؼ � � .
1. (���� ...���� �ʴ�)��� ��ü�� ��d�ϴ� ǥ��� (not-at all); �����
�ִ�.
#1 (not-at all)=(not-in the least)=(not-a bit); bit: 'v��'��� ��.
cf. I don't care about it at all.
I wasn't a bit worried about it.
#2 (not-a wink); wink '�����'
* ���� '��'�� ������� �ؼ.
He did not sleep a wink. �� �״Ѽ� �� ���.
2. (not-any(���� �Ǵ� �λ�))�� no�� ��ִ� �� �� �ٲ.=(not-any(����))��
�� �� �ִ�.
����: any�� not���� �տ� 'ġ�� �� ���. any...not�� �� ���� no��
_Any_ one can_not_ go. (��)->_No_ one can go. (��)
GRAMMAR CHECK A
������ �濡 �µ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
�� ��׳ʸ� ���� ���� �ʰ� �ִ�.
She doesn't believe you at (__).
She doesn't believe you a (__).
She doesn't believe you (__) the (__).
@p165
GRAMMAR CHECK B
��= �� ������ ��: ������ �ǵ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) We could work no longer.
We couldn't (__) (__) longer.
(2) I don't know any of them.
I know (__) of them.
(3) I wasn't a bit worried about it.
I wasn't worried about it (__) (__) (__).
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) The clouds are moving slowly in the sky, and there is not a ripple moving
through the
wheat fields.
-> ripple �� ����, ��
(2) I mention this trivial experience because I had a similar one in Seoul a few
months ago
that was not in the least unpleasant.
-> trivial ����:, �����
(3) People argue that the machine has changed the nature of everyday work; that
labor-saving devices in the home have made the work so easy it is no longer work at
all.
-> device ��ġ
(4) The sunlight brightened and hardened in the room and I couldn't sleep any
longer. But
I kept my eyes shut remembering what I'd dreamed.
-> harden �������
( ) ���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
�׳ �5� ���� �ʵ� ���� ��f�� �ƴϴ�. (it, matter, least)
@p166
���� 92 anything but-
He is anything but a genius. ���� ���� õ�߽ �ƴϴ�.
1. but(...; f���ϰ�); ����ϴ� �������� ��=�� ��: ���� �ִ�.
#1 (anything but-> (���� ...�� �ƴϴ�(never))
#2 (nothing but -> (-> 14)
=nothing else than(but)-=nothing other than-: (...�� �Ұ��ϴ�(=only))�� ��.
Nothing but God can save you.
�Ÿ��� ���; ���� �� �ִ�.
#3 (do nothing + ����): (...�� �ϴ�)( -> 14)��� ��.
The baby did nothing but cry.
�� �Ʊ�� ��⸸ �ߴ�.
#4 (There is nothing for it but to-.) (...�ϴ� ��)��� �ۿ
There was nothing for it but to do without food.
��; ������ �ۿ.
2. (not-but...): (-�� �ƴ϶� ...���)��� ��; ��Ÿ����.
Tom is not a lawyer but a doctor.
��: ��ȣ�߽ �ƴ϶� �ǻ����.
3. (not-nor(or)...): (-�� �ƴϸ� ...�� �ƴϴ�)( -> 153)��� ��.
He cannot hear nor(or) speak.
���� ���� ��׳ϰ� ���� ���Ѵ�.
GRAMMAR CHECK A
������ �濡 �µ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) �� �״Ϸ�~�� �����θ� � Ѵ�.
He does (__) (__) (__) English all day.
(2) �� ���� �������� ���� ���ٸϴ�.
The bridge is (__) (__) safe.
@p167
GRAMMAR CHECK B
��= �� ������ ��: ������ �ǵ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) It's only a rumor.
It's (__) (__) a rumor.
(2) We couldn't but stop working.
There (__) (__) for it (__) (__) stop working.
(3) He cannot be a scholar.
He is (__) but a scholar.
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) Numerous steamships sail between the two countries carrying nothing but
coffee beans
on the north-bound trips.
(2) We should not, therefore, attempt to abolish competition, but only to see to
it that it
takes forms which are not too harmful.
-> abolish ��ִ�(=do away with)/see to it that-=see that- ...�ϵ��� /���ϴ�. it:
that
���ϸ� ����Ŵ.
(3) A rude American once said to a famous French general that French politeness
was
nothing but wind. The general replied, "Neither is there anything but wind in a
tire, yet it
eases the jolts along life's highway."
-> ease ��ȭ�ϴ�/jolts ���
( ) ���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
�� �״Ϸ�~�� TV�� ����. (nothing but)
@p168
���� 93 neither A nor B
Neither you nor she is wrong. �ʵ� �׳൵ ��� �߸��� ���.
1. (either A or B) 'A�� B �� ��� �� ��'
Either you or she is wrong.
�ʳ� �����߸� ���� �� ��� �� �׳.
2. (neither A nor B)=(not-either A or B) 'A�� B ���� ��� ...�ʴ�'
I can speak neither French nor German.=I cannot speak either French or German.
���� �Ҿ ���Ͼ ���Ѵ�.
3. (neither of-> '(�� ���� ��� ��� ���� )�ؼ...�ʴ�'; ����� �ܼ����
Neither of the boys is here.
* �� �� �ǹ���� none of-�� ��Ÿ���� �������.
4. (��d�� + either): '-�� ...�ʴ�'��� ��.
I can't swim, either. ���� ��: ���Ѵ�.
���� ��d��, �ǹ������� too �Ǵ� also�� ����.
����: either A or B, neither A nor B�� � ����� ��� ���־B�� ��ġ�Ѵ�.
Neither he nor I
am right.
GRAMMAR CHECK A
��= ���� �� �߸�� ��; ��ġ�ÿ�.
(1) I met neither he nor her.
(���� �� ���� ������ �ڵ� �� ���ڵʾҴ�.)
(2) Either you or Susan are mistaken.
(�ʳ� ���� �� ��� �� ���� Ʋ�ȴ�.)
@p169
GRAMMAR CHECK B
��= ����; ( ) ���� ��ÿ� ��� ���� �ٲÿ�.
(1) I didn't want both of them. (��ü��d8��)
(2) Ted also came to join us. (��d��8��)
(3) The equipment is neither accurate nor safe. (either�� �Ἥ ��: ������
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) Neither of these things, however, made any serious impact on the environment.
-> make an impact on- ...�� ����; ��ġ��.
(2) Neither child, nor mother, nor father need know anything about the actual
workings of
the television set or a car.
-> workings �۵�
(3) I think we must realize that television in itself is neither good nor bad. It
is the uses
to which it is put that determine its value to society.
-> in itself �� ��ü��/It is-that; ��v����/put A to use A�� ����ϴ�
(4) For the most part, men were dominated by kings or pharaohs. Their lives were
often
controlled by superstitious beliefs. To the Greeks, however, it was neither king,
nor God, but
man who was at the center of things.
-> dominate ����ϴ�/pharaoh �Ķ��(��� ����Ʈ ������ Īȣ)
( ) ���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
�ʵ� �׳൵ �� ȸ � ǿ � � � � � �ʿ� � � � � . (to, attend)
@p170
���� 94 not only A but also B
She can speak not only English but also French. ����� ��׳Ӹ� �ƴ϶� �Ҿ �Ѵ�.
1. (not only A but (also) B) 'A �Ӹ� �ƴ϶� B��'
* �־ �Ǵ� ���, ����� B�� ��ġ�Ѵ�.
Not only you but (also) _I_ was absent.
�ʻӸ� �ƴ϶� ���� �����ߴ�.
2. (B as well as A)�� 'A�� ������� B��'��� ��.(=not only A but (also) B)
=She can speak French as well as English.
* �־ �Ǵ� ��쿡 � ����B�� ��ġ�Ѵ�.
_I_ as well as you was absent.
3. (-as well): '-�� ����, �Դ��(=too)'��� ��; ��Ÿ����.
=She can speak English and French as well.
����: #1 not only A but (also) B, B as well as A�� ��� B�� ��a; �δ�
�־ �Ǹ� ����� B�� ��ġ�Ѵ�.
#2 not only A but also B���� A�� B�� ǰ�߽ � ���� � �ؾϴµ� ���
(���౸��)(Parallelism)���� �Ѵ�.
GRAMMAR CHECK A
������ �濡 �µ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) ����� �׳ � �� ൵ ���������� ���ٴ.
She as (__) as Mary (__) a woman of many talents.
(2) ���� �״ � ��� �� ���� � ִ �.
He has been to South America (__) (__).
@p171
GRAMMAR CHECK B
��= �� ������ ��: ������ �ǵ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) My mother hates not only meat but also fish.
My mother hates (__) (__) (__) as meat.
(2) We have much snow not only in December (__) in January.
It (__) a lot in December and in January as (__).
(3) Tom as well as Mary is good at skiing.
(__) Mary (__) Tom are good at skiing.
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) The first snowfall is not only an event but it is a magical event. You go to
bed in one
kind of world and wake up to find yourself in another quite different.
-> to fine=and find. to�� ��� ǥ�� ��d��/another=another kind of world
(2) I'm sure excessive drinking will not only ruin you but will also injure your
health.
Wine must be the greatest enemy that you have in the world.
-> excessive ����/ruin ��ġ��/injure ��� �ظġ��(=harm)
(3) How many athletes would continue to train and compete if no spectators were
present
in athletic events? Probably none. So, athletes depend on spectators not only for
the sake of
the existence of athletics and for economic benefits, but also for psychological
reasons.
-> for the sake of ...; '�Ͽ�/athletics � ���
( ) ���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
���Ĵ� ��ü�Ӹ� �ƴ϶� ��=���� ����; ��ģ��. (climates, the, only)
@p172
���� 95 cannot-too...
You cannot be too careful in driving a car. ������ ���� �ƹ��� ������ص
��ġ�� �ʴ´�.
1. '�ƹ��� ...��� �صġ�� �ʴ�'���� �� ������ ǥ���� �ִ�.
#1 (cannot-too + ����, �λ�)
You cannot be too careful in choosing your friend.
ģ���� �� ���� �ƹ��� ������� �صġ�� �ʴ�.
#2 (cannot-enough)
I cannot thank you enough for your kindness.
=I cannot thank you too much for your kindness.
����� ģ��� ��� �� ������ ��; �� �� ���.
#3 (cannot + over-(����))
We cannot overstress hard work.
=We cannot stress hard work too much.
=We cannot stress hard work enough.
�츮�� �� ;�ٸƹ��� ��v��� �صġ�� �ʴ�.
���: cannot ��ſ� can never, can hardly ��; �� �� �ִ�.
GRAMMAR CHECK A
�� ������ ��: ������ �ǵ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) We can't overpraise him.
We (__) praise him (__) (__).
(2) We cannot admire his courage enough.
We (__) admire his courage (__) (__).
@p173
GRAMMAR CHECK B
������ �濡 �µ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) ������ ���� �ƹ��� v����� �صġ�� �ʴ�.
You (__) never be (__) cautious in driving.
=You (__) hardly be cautious (__) in driving.
(2) d��: �ƹ��� ������ ���ܵ� �� ġ�� �ʴ�.
Honesty (__) be valued (__) much.
=Honesty cannot be (__).
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) We cannot know too much about the language we speak every day of our lives.
(2) They cannot be told too soon that they must find time for exercise, or they
will have
to find time for illness.
-> find time=make time �ð�; ���
(3) A book may be compared to your neighbor; if it is good, it cannot last too
long. If it is
bad, you cannot get rid of it too early.
-> get rid of ��ִ�
(4) To enter an American college, thorough knowledge of English is required, and
this point
cannot be overstressed.
-> thorough �Ϻ���
(5) We cannot too often remind ourselves that freedom of the press is not
intended for the
convenience of those who publish newspapers, control radio or television stations
or in other
ways spread news and ideas abroad.
-> remind ourselves �츮 ������ ����ϴ�/freedom of the press ��� ������
@p174
���� 96 never...without -ing
I never speak English without making mistakes. ���� ��� �ϸ� �� �Ǽ� �Ѵ�.
(never (cannot)...without -ing) '...�ϸ� � ��ݵ-�Ѵ�'
=Whenever I speak English, I make mistakes.
=When I speak English, I always make mistakes.
���� 97 never...but-
I never go to a bookstore but I buy a book. ���� ��a�� ���� � ��ݵå; ��
(never...but + ��): '...�ϸ� � ��ݵ-�Ѵ�'��� ��.
* but ��=���� ���� �´ �ٴa�� ����.
=I never go to a bookstore without buying a book.
���: (never + without), (never + but)�� ��: ��; ���ߺ�d���� �Ѵ�.
GRAMMAR CHECK A
������ �濡 �µ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) ���� �׳ฦ ���⸸ �ϸ � Ű � � � ϰ � �ʹ � .
I (__) see her (__) I want to kiss her.
(2) �1⸸ �ϸ� ����� ������.(ȭ�Ҵ���-�Ӵ�)
It (__) rains (__) it pours.
@p175
GRAMMAR CHECK B
��= �� ������ ��: ������ �ǵ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) Every time I meet her, I feel small.
=I (__) meet her (__) (__) small.
(2) This photo always reminds me of my childhood.
=I never see this photo (__) (__) (__) of my childhood.
(3) They never meet without quarreling.
=(__) they meet, they quarrel.
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) We cannot talk usually about language without talking about culture, for they
are
inseparable.
-> inseparable �и��� �� ���, �Ұ�����
(2) I never lent him money without feeling that I was in his debt.
-> be in one's debt ...�� ��; ��� �ִ�
(3) You can never hurt others without hurting yourself.
(4) My sister never reads this novel without shedding tears.
-> shed (��, ���� ��;) �긮� �
(5) It is impossible to move about any great city today without noticing a number
of
people who seem to have nothing to do that is particularly urgent.
-> It is impossible to-=We cannot-/urgent �����
(6) One cannot read Anne Frank's Diary without being deeply impressed with her
wit,
sensibility, and the strength of her character.
-> be impressed with- ...�� �����Ǵ�/sensibility ����
( ) ���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
���� ���� �տ��� �ǾƳ 븦 ġ�� �� �Ǽ��Ѵ�. (public, make)
@p176
���� 98 far from-
He is far from satisfied. ��� ���� �״w���� ���Ѵ�.
1. (far from -> : '���� ...�� �ƴϴ�'��� ��; ��Ÿ����.
=He is anything but satisfied.( -> 92)
2. (free from -> : '...�� ���'(=without)��� ��; ��Ÿ����.
This composition is free from errors. �� �۹����� �7� ���.
���� 99 beyond one's-
That's beyond me. �� �������� �װ �ڴ.
(beyond (one's)-> '...�� ��ġ�� �ʴ�, �Ұ�����'���� ��.
(beyond (one's) power(s)) '�ɷ��� ��ġ�� �ʴ�'
(beyond (one's) reach) '���� ��ġ�� �ʴ�'
(beyond (one's) belief, doubt) '��; �� ���', '�ǽ��� �� ���'
(beyond description) '������ �� ���'(=indescribable)
(beyond recognition) '�˾ƺ� �� ���'(=unrecognizable)
GRAMMAR CHECK A
������ �濡 �µ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) �� ��� ���� ���� �ƴϴ�.
This car is (__) (__) a junk.
(2) �� ��;: �˾ƺ� �� ��; d���� ���ߴ�.
The village has changed (__) recognition.
@p177
GRAMMAR CHECK B
��= �� ������ ��: ������ �ǵ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) Your work is not in the least satisfactory.
=Your work is (__) from satisfactory.
(2) Everybody has some faults.
=Nobody is (__) from faults.
(3) Your work is too good to be praised enough.
=Your work is (__) all praise.
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) He was, so far as I could judge, as free from ambition in the ordinary sense
of the
word as any man who ever lived.
-> so far as I could judge ���� �Ǵ��ϰǴ�
(2) This characteristic of language enables us to go beyond our direct
experience-to know
something of the distant past, for example, or to consider the future.
-> characteristic Ư¡
(3) Above all education is essential to improve the situation. Environmental
education has
been conducted in many forms, such as community seminars, publications, school
instruction
and proposals by environmental organizations. But they are far from adequate,
especially in
schools.
-> conduct �����ϴ�/publications ���� � /adequate �����
( ) ���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
�� ������� ���� �״ʴ�. (far, a coward)
@p178
���� 100 by no means
She is by no means selfish. �� ���� ��׳ � ������� �ʴ�.
1. (by no means)(=not-by any means) '���� ...�� �ƴ�'
* (by all means) '�'��ݵ, (by any means) '� �� � '���ؼ
=She is _anything but_ selfish.( -> 92)
=She is _far from_ (being) selfish.( -> 98)
2. (quite (not) a few(+ ������)) '������'(=many)
�
(quite (not) a little(+ �Ұ�����)) '��߽� '(=much)
3. (not + very (many/much)) '���� ...�ʴ�'(�κк�d( -> 90))
4. (not so much as -> '...v�� ���� �ʴ�(=not even)'
(without so much as -ing): =(without even -ing) '...v�� �ʰ�'.
He cannot so much as write his own name.
���� �״� �ڱv�� �� ����.
She went out without so much as saying good-bye.
���׳�� �ۺλ ߽ � ���������.
���: a good few=some few=a fairly large number of '�� ��: ����', (many a +
�ܼ��� )
'��:', not many '�� � ', only a few (little) '�ؼҷ�'��
GRAMMAR CHECK A
������ �濡 �µ��� ( ) ���� �ܾ � 迭�Ͻÿ�.
(1) �� ���� �״ʰ� �� å; ��n����.
He took my book (so, as, asking, without, much).
(2) �7� �� � � ��=���� ⸦��� �� �׳Ʋ�����.
She must (left, few, ago, have, quite, years, here, a).
@p179
GRAMMAR CHECK B
��= �� ������ ��: ������ �ǵ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
The price of this fur coat is not that reasonable.
This fur coat is (__) cheap at (__).
This fur coat is (__) in the (__) cheap.
This fur coat is (__) but cheap.
This fur coat is (__) from cheap.
This fur coat is by (__) (__) cheap.
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) Quite a few children reported that they had associated the U.S. with
hamburgers, only
to find they were wide of the mark.
-> associate A with B A�ϸ� B�� �����ϴ�/only to find=but they find /wide of
the mark
��, Ʋ��
(2) A boy who is careless and indifferent in a ballgame will not be likely to
accomplish
much anywhere.
-> indifferent �������
(3) If you should happen to meet a talkative American you are by no means obliged
to
answer all the questions you are asked. Just turn the conversation back to him by
asking
questions of your own. He will probably be perfectly content to talk about himself.
-> If you should happen to- Ȥ�� ...�Ѵ �ٸ/be obliged to- ...�� �ؾѴ�/content
( ) ���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
�������4� ���; ���ʷ� ����� ����� ���� �ƴϾ��. (Galileo, means,
@p180
���� 101 as-as...can
Come as early as you can. �� �� �ִ� ��� ���� �Ͷ�.
1. (as-as + � �־+ can(could)): '������ ��...'���� ��; ��Ÿ����, (as-as
possible)�� ��:
��; ��Ÿ����.
=Come as early as possible.
2. (as-as ever)�� '������...'��� ��.
Her eyes were as bright as ever.
��� ���׳: ������ �ʷ��ʷ��ߴ�.
3. (��� + as-as...)�� '...�� �� ��-'��� ��; ��Ÿ����.
Australia is about thirty times as large as Korea.
ȣ�ִ� �ѱ��� �� 30�� ũ��.
4. (not so (as)-as...)�� '...��ŭ -�ʴ�'��� ��.
She is not as successful as his sister.
����� ��׳ŭ �������� ���ߴ�.
���: (not so (as)-as...)�� �;� ����� � �ִ� �� ���� �ٲ.
He isn't so old as I.=I'm older than he.
GRAMMAR CHECK A
������ �濡 �µ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) ������ �� ���� ����� �<���.
Please get here (__) soon (__) you can.
(2) ���: ������ �Ƹ����.
You are (__) beautiful (__) (__).
(3) ����: ���︸ŭ ũ��� �ʴ�.
London is not (__) large (__) Seoul.
@p181
GRAMMAR CHECK B
������ �濡 �µ��� ( ) ���� ��� � 迭�Ͻÿ�.
(1) �� ���� ���� �״ ִ � ���� �� �߽ � ����ִ�.
(much money, as, he, as, twice, has, I have).
(2) ���� �� ���� �� �� � ִ ´�� ���� �ʿ��ϴ�.
(money, soon, I, the, need, possible, as, as).
(3) ����� ��׳ŭ �뷡� ��� �θ���� ���Ѵ�.
(well, doesn't, she, as, I, as, sing, do).
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) I ran as fast as I could, but I missed the bus.
(2) The price of commodities has risen twice as high as ten years ago.
(3) When you eat meat, you should eat as many vegetables as possible.
(4) When you read easy material for pure entertainment, you read as fast as you
can and
probably get all the meaning you need.
-> material ��ڷ/for pure entertainment ������ ��� '�ַ�
(5) It is said that learning English must be ten times as difficult for a Korean
as learning
German is for an American.
(6) Half of all black people lived in poor houses. They received about half as
much pay as
whites.
-> pay �ӱ�/whites=white people
( ) ���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
�5 ���� ��� ���� � ��� � ߽�׳ . (earns, much)
@p182
���� 102 � + � than any other-
Sue is more clever than any other student in the class. ���� ���� � ��ٸ
�����ϴ�.
� than any other -> �� '� � �ٸ -���� ...'��� ��. any other��
1. ( � +
������ ����
�ܼ��߽ �ȴ�.
=No other student in the class is taller than Sue.
=She is as tall as any student in the class.
2. (Nothing is more...than->: '-���� ...�� ��: ���'��� ��.
Nothing is more important than health.
�ǰ����� ���� � �: ���.
3. (Nothing is so (as)...as -> �� '-��ŭ ...�� ��: ���'��� ��. ���;
����� �ֻ���� ����; ��Ÿ����.
Nothing is so precious as time.
�ð���ŭ ������ ��: ���.
4. 2, 3�� ����: ���� ��=�� ���� ��ִ� �� �� �ٲ.
2 -> Nothing is so important as health.
3 -> Nothing is more precious than time.
GRAMMAR CHECK A
������ �濡 �µ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) ��: �� ���ڱ� �ݿ �л�� �� Ű�� ũ��.
Bill is (__) than (__) (__) (__) in his class.
(2) ��d��ŭ ������ ��: ���.
Nothing is (__) precious than friendship.
(3) �ǰ���ŭ ������ ��: ���.
Nothing is (__) precious as health.
@p183
GRAMMAR CHECK B
��= �� ������ ��: ������ �ǵ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) Ted is the smartest boy in our class.
Ted is (__) than (__) (__) boy in our class.
(2) Nothing is more delightful to me than strolling.
Nothing is so delightful to me (__) strolling.
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) Nothing in the world gives you more pleasure than to have a friend drop in
for a visit.
-> drop in ��� �鸣��
(2) Driving in the fine country on a fine spring day is more pleasant than any
other thing.
(3) Nothing is so essential to self-training as the proper choice of books to
read; and
nothing is so universally neglected.
-> be essential to- ...�� �ʼ�����/neglect ��Ȧ�� �ϴ�
(4) The Bible has been translated into many languages, and has made a deeper
impression
upon the human mind than any other book.
-> make impression on- ...�� ����; �ִ�
(5) He was such a great money-worshipper that he would often say to his son that
money
was more valuable than anything else in the world.
-> such-that... ����� ...�ϹǷ� ...�ϴ�/money-worshipper ���������
( ) ���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
��8�ŭ ������ ��: ���. (nothing, as)
@p184
���� 103 not so much A as B
He is not so much a novelist as a poet. �� �״Ҽ�����߽�������� �ٴ.
1. (not so much A as B)�� 'A��߽� �ٴB'��� ��.
2. (not A so much as B)�� ��: ��.
=He is not a novelist so much as a poet.
His success was not so much by talent as by diligence.
���� 104 rather A than B
He is rather a teacher than a scholar. ����ڶ � ⺸�ٴ �������� �״.
1. (rather A than B)�� 'B��⺸� �ٴA'��� ��8��, (A rather than B)��8�� ��Ÿ�� ��
�ִ�.
2. (rather...than -> : (not so much-as...)�ε� ��Ÿ�� �� �ִ�.
=He is not so much a scholar as a teacher.
=He is a teacher rather than a scholar.
GRAMMAR CHECK A
������ �濡 �µ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) �������Ⱦ��Ѵ �����ٱ⺸���ٴ
� ����Ѵ�.
I don't (__) (__) dislike him (__) (__) hate him.
(2) ���� ���� ���� ȭ�� ��������ٱ⺸���ٴ � �����.
I was (__) sad (__) angry at his words.
@p185
GRAMMAR CHECK B
������ �濡 �µ��� ( ) ���� �� �� 迭�Ͻ ÿ� .
(1) ���� �ٴٴ踦 �����ϱ⺸������ ����� �ٴѴ�
(not, unite, oceans, so, world, do, much, divide, the, as, it).
(2) ���� ��� �������⺸�� �� ������ ����� ����.
(went, for, rather than, study, to the U.S. for, I, sightseeing).
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) Success in life does not depend so much on tact, as on honesty and
perseverance.
-> perseverance �ұ��� ���
(2) He was respected not so much for his learning as for his character.
-> character �ΰ�
(3) My father is a man of common sense rather than a man of culture.
-> a man of culture ������
(4) We learn certain things about the other person not so much from what he says
as
from how he says it, for whatever we speak we cannot avoid giving our listeners
clues about
our origins and the sort of person we are.
-> for �ֳ��ϸ� /whatever we speak=no matter what we speak � 츮�� �߽ ��; �ϵ�
����/clues �Ǹ���/the sort of person we are �츮�� ��� �ʵ���
( ) ���� � ܾ � Ἥ � � = � � � � ;� � � �� Ͻÿ� .
�� � ⺸�� ����� �ٸ � ��� �� ִ ��� ������� ���״. (not, of, talent, of,
diligence)
@p186
���� 105 less-than...
He is less stupid than I thought he was. �ߴ��� ���� �� �״ͺ��� ����
������� �ʴ�.
1. (less-than...): '...��ŭ -�� �ƴϴ�'��� ��.
2. (not so (as)-as...)�� �����, '�� ����: ��=�� ���� ��� �� �ٲ
=He is not so stupid as I thought he was.
���� 106 no less-than...
She is no less pretty than her sister. ���)������(��� ���׳�� �׳ŭ ���
1. (no less-than...): '...�� ������� -���'��� ������� ��;
�����, '�� ����: ��=�� ���� ��ִ� �� �� �ٲ.
=She is as pretty as her sister.
����: not less-than: '...�� ���� �ʰ� -���'�� ���� �ִ�.
Hard work is not less necessary than talent to success.
����� ��� ���� �ʰ� �� ���ٸʿ� � ϴ� .
GRAMMAR CHECK A
������ �濡 �µ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) �� �״� �ڱƹ� � � ŭ /� � � � ��� � � ϴ� .
He is (__) (__) famous (__) his father.
@p187
GRAMMAR CHECK B
��= �� ������ ��: ������ �ǵ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) He was as intelligent as Tom.
He was (__) (__) intelligent (__) Tom.
(2) My brother is not as well-built as Tom.
My brother is (__) well-built (__) Tom.
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) Watching TV takes less effort than reading a book. It is also easier than to
go out to
the movies.
(2) It is no less pleasant to do a difficult thing for oneself than to climb a
steep mountain.
-> steep ���ĸ�
(3) Curiosity, the desire to know things as they are, is a craving no less native
to human
beings, no less universal through mankind, than the craving for food and drink.
-> craving ����/native to- ...�� ��/��
(4) At ordinary times, we are perfectly certain that men are not equal. But when,
in a
democratic country, we think or act politically, we are no less certain that men
are equal.
-> be certain that- ...; Ȯ� � � ϴ� /no less-equal � � =� � than we are certain that men
are
not equal�� ��Ǿ� ��=.
( ) ���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
����: ���Ű��ŭ ������ �ִ�. (surfing, thrilling, water-skiing)
@p188
���� 107 no less than-
He has no less than one hundred books. � �״å; 100����� ���� �ִ�.
1. (no less than + ��): ���� �ʴ �� ;�� �ٴv�ϸ�, '...��'��� ��.
2. ' ����: (as many(much) as->8�� ��ִ� �� �� �ٲ.
He has as many as one hundred books.
���� 108 no more than-
I have no more than 100 dollars. ���� 100���ۿ� ���� ���� �ʴ�.
1. (no more than + ��ǥ��): ���� �ʴ �� ;�� �ٴv�ϸ�, '�ܿ� ...��ۿ
��Ÿ����.
2. (only -> �� �Ἥ '�� ����: ��=�� ���� ��ִ� �� �� �ٲ.
=I have only 100 dollars.
GRAMMAR CHECK A
������ �濡 �µ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) ����״� �� �ڼü�� 100�� � ߴ���� ����.
He donated no (__) (__) one million dollars to the charity.
(2) ��: õ����� �Ǵ� å; ���� �ִ�.
Bill has (__) (__) (__) a thousand books.
@p189
GRAMMAR CHECK B
��= �� ������ ��: ������ �ǵ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) He wrote only two short stories last year.
He wrote (__) (__) (__) two short stories last year.
(2) He has as many as nine children.
He has (__) (__) (__) nine children.
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) The city government is planning to spend no less than 25,000,000 dollars on a
new
stadium.
(2) This square is one of the busiest crossroads in this country. It is the
meeting place of
no less than seven thoroughfares.
-> busy ��ȭ��/thoroughfare ����
(3) There were not many Indian words which were added to the American vocabulary,
no
more than a hundred or so, but some have remained to the present day.
-> add to- ...�� ÷���ϴ�/or so=about
(4) It is good to make your vocabulary as large as you can, but a great deal can
be said
and written with a vocabulary of no more than 10,000 words. The important thing is
to have
a good control and command over words you do know.
-> have a good control and command over- ...; �� v���ϰ� �����ϴ�/you do
know�� ��v���
@p190
���� 109 no more-than...
A whale is no more a fish than a horse is. ���� ����Ⱑ �ƴ� ��ó��
�ƴϴ�.
1. (no more-than...): '...�� �ƴ� �Ͱ� ������� -: -�� �ƴϴ�, -�� �ƴ�
�Ͱ� ����'��� ��.
2. (not-any more than...); �Ἥ ��=�� ���� ��ִ� �� �� �ٲ.
A whale is not a fish any more than a horse is.
���� 110 all the better for-
I like him all the better for his faults. ���� ���� ��a ������ � �
� �ŭ �� �~��Ѵ�.
1. (all the + � �+ for->�� '...��� ������ � �ŭ ��� ��...'���
��. * for=because of
2. (none + the + � +� for) '...��� � � � ؼ��� �ŭ �� ...�� �ƴϴ�'
My health has been none the better for my exercise.
�� �ǰ�: �; �� �� �ؼ ߴߴ �~��� �� ���.
GRAMMAR CHECK A
������ �濡 �µ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) � � �װŷ������� ���ϵ��� �׳൵ �ŷ������� �ʴ�.
She's (__) (__) attractive (__) you are.
(2) �¼��; �ϸ� ��� �� ����� �~��� �����.
You'll feel (__) (__) better (__) a hot bath.
@p191
GRAMMAR CHECK B
������ �濡 �µ��� ( ) ���� �� �� 迭�Ͻÿ�.
(1) �㰡 �� �ƴ� ��ó�� ����� �� �ƴϴ�.
(a bat, no, is, is, a rat, more, a bird, than).
(2) �׳ � �� ��ݾϱ� ������ ���� ��� �׳ฦ �~��Ѵ�.
(shyness, like, all, her, more, I, her, the, for).
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) I am not excited any more than you are.
(2) Work is not the object of life any more than play is.
(3) A fool can no more see his own folly than he can see his own ears.
-> see=understand/folly ���=
(4) A grammarian has no more right to say how people ought to talk than a chemist
has a
right to say how molecules ought to act upon each other.
-> grammarian ��������/molecule ����
(5) It is no more necessary for me to be mad in order to know that a person is
mad, than
it is necessary for me to be sick in order to know that a person is sick.
(6) His father bought him many books and he became all the more fond of reading.
-> become fond of- ...; �~��ϰ� �Ǵ�
(7) If you annoy her, she's all the less likely to help us.
-> all the less- ��ŭ ��...
( ) ���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
�װ� �׳ฦ ������� �ʵ��� ���� �׳ฦ ������� �ʴ´�. (any, than)
@p192
���� 111 ��d��, much (still) more-
He can speak French, much more English. �� ��� �͵� ���� ����� �״Ҿ �Ѵ�.
attention only to disappear gradually from the shelves and the minds of readers-
only a few
remain in circulation as long as they are read.
-> momentary ������/only to disappear=but disappear/remain in circulation
��� /��Ǵ�
( ) ���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
����� ģ��: ��� ���� ���� �ʰ 4 ڽڽϴ�. (so, live)
@p210
���� 122 ...by the time-
By the time you return, I'll have finished it. � ��� �װƿ� ���뿡쿡찡 ���� �
;������ ;�װ
�����.
#1 (by the time-> '...�� �������'
#2 (every time-> '...�� ���� ��f��(=whenever->'
#3 (each time-> '...�� ������(=whenever->'
#4 (the last(first) time-> '���(ó=8��) -��; ��'
#5 ((the) next time-> '��=��...�� ��'
���� 123 Once-
Once she arrives, we can start. �׳ � ���� ϱ⸸ �ϸ� �츮�� ����� �� �ִ�.
������ once�� b�ӻ�μ� '�ϴ�...�ϸ�'��� ��.
Once bitten, twice shy. '�� ���� ��� ���� �ڶҴ� ���� ����.'
Once (they are) in bed, the kids usually stay there.(->158)
GRAMMAR CHECK A
�� ������ ��: ������ �ǵ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
Whenever I come here, I see someone I know.
(__) (__) I come here, I see someone I know.
(__) I come here, I always see someone I know.
@p211
GRAMMAR CHECK B
������ �濡 �µ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) �ϴ� � ��� �װ迡 �հ� � ϸ� � � � � � � Ƶ� � t� .
(__) you've passed your test, you can drive my car.
(2) �� �� ����; �� �ູ� �״ ��������� .
(__) (__) (__) I saw him, he seemed happy.
(3) ��=�� ���忡 �8� ���� ã�ƿ<���.
(__) (__) you are in New York, look me up.
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) I get to like her every time I see her.
(2) Every time she comes to see me, she complains of her husband's shortcomings.
-> shortcoming ��a, ��a
(3) If a mother screams and calls him back every time her child climbs a tree or
gets near
the edge of a cliff, the child will eventually learn to be fearful and dependent.
-> cliff ��������/dependent ��x�ϴ�
(4) Every time you read Shakespeare, you will find something new that will set
you
thinking more deeply about life.
-> set A -ing A��...�ϰ� �ϴ�
(5) First, a high level of civilization is always associated with possession of a
writing
system. Moreover, once a writing system has been adopted, speech continues in use
for basic,
worldly needs, whereas writing is associated with more sophisticated needs, such
as, for
instance, study.
-> be associated with- ...�� ������ �ִ�/in use=to be used/worldly
�=(߽ݸwhile)/sophisticated ���õ�
@p212
���� 124 so as to-
I got up early so as to catch the plane. ���� ����� �ð��� ���߷p�
'����'; ��Ÿ�� ������ ���� ������ 'to + ����' �ܿ� ����
���� ǥ���� �ִ�. ��� ����
�ֿ� ���
� �
�� .
1. (so as to->=(in order to-> (����ü) '...�ϱ� '��'
��d��: (so as not to->=(in order not to-> '...���� �ʵ���'�� �ȴ�.
She disconnected the phone so as not to be disturbed.
She disconnected the phone in order not to be disturbed.
�8�� ����׳� ��� � عp� ��ȭ��; ����ߴ�.
2. (so that...may(can, will)->=(in order that...may-> (����ü) '...��
-�ϵ���'���� ��;
��Ÿ����. can, will: ���� �� �� δ�.
* ����ü������ so�� ��� (that...may->, ���� ����
that; ���
(so...can(may, will)->��
���δ�.
=I got up early so that I might arrive in time.
=I got up early in order that I might arrive in time.
���: (in order to->, (so as to->�� ��: ���� ǥ�� (with a view to-ing),
(for the purpose
of-ing) ���� �ִ�.(->128)
GRAMMAR CHECK A
������ �濡 �µ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) �ǰ�; ��ġ�� �ʵ��� ��Ģ���� ��Ȱ; �ϼ���.
Keep regular hours so as (__) (__) ruin your health.
(2) ���� ��׳б�; Ÿ�p� ������ ����ߴ�.
She worked hard (__) that she (__) win a scholarship.
@p213
GRAMMAR CHECK B
��= �� ������ ��: ������ �ǵ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
He hurried not to miss the last bus.
He hurried (__) (__) in time for the last bus.
He hurried (__) that he (__) catch the last bus.
He hurried in (__) (__) he (__) catch the last bus.
He hurried in (__) (__) (__) miss the last bus.
He hurried (__) as (__) be in time for the last bus.
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) He opened all the windows so as to let in fresh air.
-> let in �����
(2) She held on to the railing so as not to slip on the ice.
-> hold on to- ...; �� ���/railing ����
(3) I make it a rule to read the newspaper every morning in order not to fall
behind the
times.
-> fall behind- ...�� �����/the times �ô�
(4) We must clean up our rivers as soon as possible in order to bring back the
romantic
summer nights of the fireflies.
-> bring back- ��ã��/firefly ���˹�
(5) In order to develop speaking and listening skills, full use should be made of
language
laboratories in schools.
-> make full use of ...; ��� ����ϴ�
(6) They had a deep respect for the law. So they made and enforced the laws
themselves
so that no man's freedom would interfere with another's.
( ) ���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
�ô 뿡쿡찡 ������ �ʵ��� �缭�� �ǵ��� ���� ��8����. (as, fall, times)
@p214
���� 125 so-that...
He was so tired that he went to bed early. �� �ʹ� �״ǰ��� ���� ���.
���� �� �� ����: '�ſ� -��� ������...(���)', '...��
d����-, ...ó��(d��, ����)'�� ��;
��Ÿ����.
1. #1 (so-that...), #2 (such-that...)
* ���� ���� �� that; ���� ���� ����.
#1 He was so tired he went to bed early.
#2 She is such a good teacher that everybody respects her.
=She is so good a teacher that everybody respects her.
�� ��׳ſ� �Ǹ��� ����� ��ΰ� �׳ฦ x���Ѵ�.
2. #1 (so-as to...), #2 (such-as to...)
#1 She was so friendly as to be loved by everyone.
#2 She was such a friendly lady as to be loved by everyone.
=She was so friendly a lady as to be loved by everyone.
���: ���, d���� ��Ÿ���� (too...to->, (...enough to->�� (so...that-
>�� ��迡 ������� ���ؼ
38, 40; ��v.
GRAMMAR CHECK A
������ �濡 �µ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) ��� ;�� ⸦�� �� �״ŭ ��� � � ٺ��� �ƴϴ�.
He isn't (__) foolish (__) (__) believe that story.
(2) ���: �p�; �ϰ� �Ǿ� �ִ�.
Man is (__) made (__) he is forgetful.
@p215
GRAMMAR CHECK B
��= �� ������ ��: ������ �ǵ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) He was too upset to talk any more.
He was (__) upset (__) he (__) talk no more.
(2) She was sensible enough not to hurt his feelings.
She was (__) sensible (__) not to hurt his feelings.
(3) It was so hot that I couldn't sleep.
It was such (__) (__) (__) that I couldn't sleep.
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) The doctor has so many patients that he is always busy.
(2) The fire broke out in the center of the town last night. It was so windy that
many
houses were burnt down to ashes.
-> be burnt down to ashes ��ҵǴ�, ����� �Ǵ�
(3) So enthusiastic were the audience that not until the singer had given another
encore
would they leave the concert hall.
-> enthusiastic ��������/would '����'�� ��Ÿ��
(4) They had such a fierce dog that no one dared to go near their house.
-> fierce �糪��
(5) It was such a fine day that we had a very good time.
(6) Britain is an island and such a small country that very few places are more
than a
hundred miles from the sea.
(7) Caught in a heavy rain on my way home the other day, I got wet to the skin,
and
caught such a bad cold that I have not been able to go to school.
( ) ���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
�� �ʹ� ���n�� ���� �� ���־. (so, heavily, stayed)
@p216
���� 126 -, so (that)...
I worked all day, so (that) I was very tired. ���� ��~�� ���� �ؼſ�
���� 125 � ܿ ��� b�ӻ 糪 �λ� ��; ����� ��� ��Ÿ�� �� �ִ�. (-, so
������'��� '���'�� ǥ��.
I felt _so_ tired _that_ I went to bed early.
=I felt very tired. Therefore I went to bed early.
=I felt very tired, and so I went to bed early.
=I felt very tired. That's why I went to bed early.
���� �ſ� �ǰ�� �. ���� ߴ ���� ���.
����: "so (that)-"�� "-, so (that)-"�� ����a
so that: '����'��� -, so that: '���'.
cf. He got up early so that he could catch the train.(����)
He got up early, so that he could catch the train.(���)
GRAMMAR CHECK A
��= �� ������ ��: ������ �ǵ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
I was five minutes late, so I missed the bus.
I was five minutes late, (__) (__) I missed the bus.
I was five minutes late. (__) I went to bed early.
I was five minutes late. That's (__) I went to bed early.
@p217
GRAMMAR CHECK B
��= ������ ( ) �ȿ��� ����� ��� � �� ÿ�.
(1) The flight was delayed. (Therefore, However) we were late for the conference.
(2) I was late, (and so, however) I couldn't go with him.
(3) The CD player is attractively designed. (So, Besides) it is inexpensive.
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) He injured his right arm, so that he was unable to play in the match.
-> injure ��ġ�� �ϴ�
(2) The number of cars in cities has increased enormously, so that air pollution
has become
a major problem.
-> enormously ��û����
(3) In Germany the cherry trees are planted for many miles by the roadsides, so
that all
passersby can eat the fruit and enjoy the shade cast by the tall trees.
-> cast a shade �� ;�״帮���; the shade (which is cast)
(4) He was a little guy with red hair, an Irishman. He had a funny face and a
funny grin,
so that it made you grin just to look at him.
-> guy �糪��/funny �쿡콺콺��/grin ���� ��=, ���� ���/it=just to look
( ) ���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
� ��׳f �ð��� ���� �ʾұ� ������ �츮�� �׳ฦ ��� ���ٸʰ� ����ߴ�. (in,
@p218
���� 127 for fear (that)-(should)...
We didn't move for fear we should wake him up. �츮�� � � ���� �װʵ���
�������� �ʾҴ�.
for fear (that)...(should)�� for fear of -ing�� ��8�� '...���� �ʵ���',
'...���� ��;�� �Ͽ�'��
��. should�� �� ����.
He locked his door for fear of being robbed.
He doesn't drive for fear of an accident.
���: (lest-(should) + ����)�� ��: ��.
���� 128 with a view to -ing
He went to Germany with a view to studying medicine. ����� ;���� �״ϱ� '��
���Ͽ�
����.
1. (with a view to -ing)�� '...�ϱ� '��'��� ��.
* to ����� ���ڿ縦 ����.
2. (for (with) the purpose of -ing)�� '...�ϱ� '��'��� ��.
She went to America for the purpose of seeing her aunt.
�� ��' ������ ��)���(��� ��׳ � ��� ����.
GRAMMAR CHECK A
�� ������ ��: ������ �ǵ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
I hid behind the curtain so that he could not see me.
I hid behind the curtain (__) he (__) see me.
I hit behind the curtain (__) (__) that he should see me.
@p219
GRAMMAR CHECK B
������ �濡 �µ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
���� �հ��ϱ� '�� ������ ����ߴ�.
I studied hard in (__) (__) catch up with him.
I studied hard (__) catch up with him.
I studied hard (__) (__) I (__) catch up with him.
I studied hard with a (__) (__) catch up with him.
I studied hard for (__) (__) (__) catch up with him.
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) I was no more than three feet away from them and I was terrified lest they
should
notice me.
-> be terrified=be scared �������ϴ�
(2) Fantasy is a fascinating and often beautiful world, but it can also be a very
dangerous
world in which it is wise to know one's way about, lest one get lost and fail to
rind the
road back to the world of fact.
-> fantasy ���(�� ����)/fascinating �ŷ�����/know one's way about ���
(3) Although he expects respect from his students, he does not expect them to say
yes for
that reason when the answer is clearly no. Nor does he expect them to say yes for
fear that
acknowledgment of lack of understanding would show that they are not smart.
-> acknowledgment ��d
( ) ���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
�� �� �� � ϱ����; ���� ������. (your, with, in)
@p220
���� 129 to one's surprise
To my surprise, I found the child safe. ���Ե� �� ����� �����ߴ�.
1. (to one's + ��d�� �� ���
)='... � - �ϰԵ�'
to one's surprise '���Ե�'
to one's sorrow(regret) '���pԵ�(/�������Ե�)'
to one's joy(delight) '�� Ե�'
to one's satisfaction '��w�����Ե�'
to one's relief '�ѽø� ��Ե�'
���: '...�� �ſ�-�ϰԵ�'��� ��v�ϴ� ��쿡쿡쿡�� (to one's great->=(much
��Ÿ����.
Much to my delight, I passed the driving test.
���� ���������迡 �հ��Ͽ� ���� �߽� � .
2. (���� + to + ���)���� '...� �ؼ-�� �Ǵ�'��� ��.
be burned(frozen, starved) to death �һ�(����, �ƻ�)�ϴ�
be moved to tears ������ ;���� �ؼ긮긮긮��
be broken(torn) to pieces �μ��(��߷�) v���� ����
be shocked to silence ��� ��; ����ٹ
���: (burn + ����� + to death) '...; �¿� �����'ó�� �ɵ��� ����.
GRAMMAR CHECK A
������ �濡 �µ��� ( ) ���� �ܾ � 迭�Ͻÿ�.
(1) ��ó�ϰԵ� ���� ����; �����ϰ� ���� �ʾҴ�.
(the, I, my, have, dismay, passport, to, didn't) with me.
(2) � ���� � �Ⱕ��� ���� ���״� �׳.
(letter, her, torn, pieces, he, has, to).
@p221
GRAMMAR CHECK B
������ �濡 �µ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) '����� �ߴ��� ��װڴ�'��� �״.
"I'm bored (__) (__)", he said.
(2) �츮 ���� n�� �츮�� �ſ� �Ǹ��ߴ�.
(__) our (__) disappointment, our team was defeated.
(3) �� �ҳ���� ��� ����� ���� �ؼd�� �Ƚ��� �Ǿ��.
(__) (__) greatest relief, the boys were all safe.
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) To my relief, nothing had been stolen from the safe.
(2) When his parents gave him a new cloak, he violently refused it to their
annoyance,
because other poor village boys did not put on cloaks.
-> cloak �Ҹ� ��� ����/annoyance ��Ȥ��/put on- �Դ�
(3) On my return in the afternoon I gave an enthusiastic account of my day's
ramble. To
my surprise they shook their heads and looked troubled at what I said.
-> give an account of- ...; �����ϴ�/ramble ��å/troubled �Ҿ����ϴ�
(4) As most mothers know, to their embarrassment, an infant able to use the word
"Daddy" may sometimes apply it to any male he sees. Or having learned to use
"Kitty" for a
cat, he is apt to apply it to a dog or a squirrel.
-> apply ����ϴ�/on occasion ������
( ) ���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
�ߴ��� ;�� �¾� : � �. (almost, beaten)
@p222
���� 130 ..., only to-
I studied very hard only to fail. ���� ���� ������ ������� �
1. (...(,) only to->�� '..., ���� -�ߴ�(���)'��� ��.
=I studied very hard but I failed.
2. (...(,) never to-> '..., ���� ���� -���� �ʾҴ�(���)'
He left his fatherland, never to return.
=He left his fatherland, and never returned.
���� 131 -, till (at last)...
We drove on, until we reached the town. �츮�� ��� � ��;�� �� ���� �
ߴ������.
(-(,) till(until) (at last)...): '-, ���Ͽ� � � � � ...(� � � )'� � �� � .
The candle grew shorter and shorter, till at last it went out.
���ʴ� aa �� ��۾n � � �������Ҵ�.
GRAMMAR CHECK A
������ �濡 �µ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
�츮�� �ű � ����������� ���� ���־.
We got there (__) (__) find the door locked.
@p223
GRAMMAR CHECK B
��= �� ������ ��: ������ �ǵ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) She tried over and over but failed.
She tried over and over (__) (__) fail.
(2) She vanished and we never saw her again.
She vanished (__) (__) (__) seen again.
(3) Finally the party was over and then he showed up.
He didn't show up till at (__) the party was over.
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) We hurried to the station only to miss the train.
(2) I took a sleeping pill, and dozed until midnight only to wake shivering with
cold.
-> a sleeping pill ���f/doze y��/shivering with cold ��'�� ����
(3) Students often underestimate the importance of writing and assume that they
understand a topic, only to find when confronted with an examination. paper that
their
knowledge is vague.
-> underestimate ������ϴ�/when confronted->when (they are) confronted/vague
��ȣ��,
�ָ���
(4) Children's thirst for knowledge puts the most intelligent adult to shame. But
this
impulse grows weaker with advancing years, until at last what is unfamiliar
inspires only
disgust, with no desire for a closer acquaintance.
-> put A to shame A�� �β�� �ϴ�/impulse �浿/inspire �ҷ���8Ű��/disgust �
( ) ���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
��� �״θ� ����ϴ� �� �������� ���Ҵ�. (kept, until, fall)
@p224
���� 132 not-because
He didn't do it because it was hard. � �� ���״� � װ� � � � � � � : � ƴϾ� � .
1. (not-because...)�� '...��� � �ؼ-: �ƴϴ�'��� ��.
We should not despise a man because he is poor.
�����ϴ�� �� ���ؼ� ���; ����ؼȵ ȴ� .
A man does not always deserve respect because he's learned.
���: �н��� �ִ�� � ��ݵx��� ��: �ƴϴ�.
����: because �տ� comma�� ��8�� '-�ƴ� ��: ...�������'�� ����
He didn't come, because his father was ill.
2. (not because(that)-but because(that)...)�� '...��� ������ �ƴ϶�
...��ϱ�'��� ��.(->92,
134)
I respect him not because he won but because he tried.
���� �� x���ϴ� ��: ���� ������ �ƴ϶� �õ��߱� ����� ���.
I despise him, not because he is poor, but because he is lazy.
���� �� ���װ� �����ؼƴ϶� ��;���� ����Ѵ�.
Not that I hate this work, but that I have no time.
�� ���� �Ⱦ�� �ƴ϶� ���� �ð��� ��� �������.
@p225
GRAMMAR CHECK B
������ �濡 �µ��� ( ) ���� �ܾ � 迭�Ͻÿ�.
(1) ���� �� �~��ϴ� ��: � �� �װ°�� � � ������ �ƴ϶� �ΰ������
(him, a man, because, not, like, he, means, of, is, I, he, a man, but, character,
because, is,
of).
(2) ��/�ϴ�� � ;��� �ؼx���� ���ؼȵȴ�.
(respect, because, a man, You, not, rich, is, should, he).
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) You must not think ill of him because he did not come for your help.
-> think ill of ��� � �����
(2) Just because I don't complain, you must not suppose that I'm satisfied.
(3) We do not write because we want to; we write because we must.
(4) Because a man happens to be unwise, he should not be discouraged, for not a
few
unwise men have succeeded in life by their constant effort.
-> be discouraged �DZ��ħ�ϴ�/not a few=quit a few=many/constant ���Ӿ��
(5) Great teachers are not great because they are successful in cramming the
heads of their
students with facts; they are great because they inspire their students to think
for
themselves.
-> cram A with B A���� B�� �����ϴ�
( ) ���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
'���ߴ��� ���������� �ڶ����� ����'�� �״ �
ؼ ���ڶ. (pride)
@p226
���� 133 Now (that)-
Now he's gone, we miss him badly. � �� ���� �װ �츮츮츰 � �� �װô �
1. (now (that)->�� '(��f)...��ϱ�(=since->'��� ��.
Now (that) you are no longer young, you must think of your future.
2. (seeing(considering) (that)->: '...; ����ϸ�, ...��� ������(=since-
>'��� ��; ��Ÿ����.
I won't stay long, seeing (that) you're busy.
�װ� �ٻڴϱ� ���� �7� �ӹ��� �ʰ �ڴ.
3. (once-> '�ϴ� -��8��'(->123)
Once you start something, get it through.
�ϴ� ��; ��� ��; ����.
���: ����, ��/�� ��Ÿ���� b�ӻ��� ���ӽ�
~��b�ӻ� because '������ ��/�� ��Ÿ����-��/�� ��a; �д�', since
��/�� ��Ÿ����-because�� as�� �߰� �', as '������ ��/�� �ΰ���8��
��Ÿ����-��/�� ������'
I didn't go, because it rained.
���� ��: ��: �� �Ա� �������.
As it rained, I didn't go.
��'b�ӻ� for '��/�� ÷���Ѵ�(...�� ...��� �������)'
GRAMMAR CHECK A
������ �濡 �µ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) � � � ��� ���װϴϱ� d�� ����� ����.
(__) (__) you mention it, I do remember.
(2) �������� a; ���Ѵ ߴ� �� ������״ ���� �ٸ.
He did well, (__) (__) he is a high school student.
@p227
GRAMMAR CHECK B
������ �濡 �µ��� ( ) �ȿ� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) �� _�ϴ�_ ��ġ�� ��å; ���� �ʹ�.
I'd like to go for a walk (__) the rain's stopped.
(2) ������ ����8�ϱ� �츮츮츰 ��� �� �ִ�.
(__) that the exams are over we can enjoy ourselves.
(3) ���� ��׳ � � ���� �ſ� Ȱ�������.
She's very active (__) her age.
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) Reading is a habit. Once you've got the habit you never lose it.
(2) That game is easy, once you learn the basic rules.
(3) Now that I have heard your explanation, I am more inclined to agree with you.
-> be inclined to ...�ϰ��� ����� ���.
(4) Now that Japan has attained great power status in the postwar world, it
sometimes
seems as if the Japanese do not know what to do with that status.
-> great power status �뵿뱹뱹�� ��'
(5) Now that spring has come, we may perhaps look forward to better weather.
(6) Considering his deafness he manages to understand very well.
-> manage to- ���� ...�ϴ�
(7) Considering that he didn't study, he did well on the test.
( ) ���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
���: ��f ��� ��8�ϱ� �ǰ��� �Ű� ������. (Now, take)
@p228
���� 134 in that-
Men differ from animals in that they use fire. ���: ��; ����Ѵ �ٴa����
����ٸ.
1. (in that->: '...��� a����(=because)'��� ��.
2. (that...(should)-> '...�ϴ �(�ٴǴ��� ����)'
It's odd that you (should) mention her.
�װ� �׳ � �� ���� �ؼϴ � �ٴ ǹ ��ϴ�.
3. ((it's) not that): '(�տ� ���� ����; ��) ...��� ����:
I scolded him. (It is) Not that I hate him.
�� � �� �װ.���¢�� � � �Ⱦ��ϱ� ������ �ƴϴ�.
* not that-but that... '...��� ������ �ƴ϶� ...��� ������'(->132)
I got angry with your children. It's not that they didn't behave well, but that
they left us
too early.
���: that��; ������ �� �� �ִ� ��ġ��� in, but, except �� �Ҽ�
* but that- ���� ...�� �ƴ϶��
* except that- ...��� a; f���ϰ�
GRAMMAR CHECK A
������ ��: ������ �ǵ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
It is not because he was stupid, but because he was lazy that he failed in the
exam.
He failed in the exam. It is not (__) he was stupid, but (__) he was lazy.
@p229
GRAMMAR CHECK B
������ �濡 �µ��� ( ) ���� �ܾ � 迭�Ͻÿ�.
(1) �ΰ�: ���ϰ� ���� �� �ִ �ٴa���� ������� ����ٸ.
(that, think, human, from in, can, they, talk, and, beings, differ, animals)
(2) � �� ;�� �װų��� �ʰ� ������ �ٴ ǹ ��ϴ�.
(strange, locked, should, it, that, is, have, without, he, left, having, the
door)
(3) ���� ��� ���� ���x�� ��; ���ɼ��� ũ��������.
(very, that, alive, I, it, likely, think, they, still, are)
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) If I complain, it is that I want to get justice.
-> get justice d���� ���; ��
(2) Don't believe all the stories you hear about how unfriendly the English are.
It's just
that many of them are a little shy.
(3) Even after having lived in Tokyo for fifteen years, there is a limit to what
I know and
understand about this society. It's not that Japan is a particularly difficult
nation to
understand.
(4) Graduates were our product; but speaking of them in such a cold, mechanical
way
would have contradicted much of the purpose of our educating them. Anyway, research
was
our other output, more obviously commercial in that it might involve us with
publishers and
their markets, or with industrial applications of scientific work.
-> contradict ...�� ���Ǵ�/output=product/involve �����Ű��
@p230
���дɷ½��� ���� ������
Check Your Structure Power
�Ʒ��� passage��: '96�г ���дɷ½��� ����ι� ���f�߽ � ���
���Դϴ�.
1. During the baseball game I missed an easy ball. This made me so embarrassed
that I
just stood there without knowing what to do. To my dismay, the other team scored
three
runs. ('96 ��� 34��)
Note: make me embarrassed->���� 25/so...that...->���� 125/To my dismay,-
2. Finally, the Colombian government has encouraged the farmers to produce more
food so
that the country can become self-sufficient in food. ('96 ��� 40��)
Note: so that...can->���� 124 (����)
3. Quite a few illnesses make us feel sleepy so that our body can get on with
curing us.
('96 ��� 18��)
Note: quite a few->���� 100/so that...can->���� 124 (���)
@p231
WORD POWER CHECK(����� ������ �ڴȣ)
find time(173)
get rid of(173)
thorough(173)
inseparable(175)
urgent(175)
sensibility(175)
essential(177)
environmental(177)
adequate(177)
associate(179)
wide of the mark(179)
indifferent(179)
be obliged to pure(181)
proper(181)
neglect(181)
translate(181)
worshipper(181)
tact(185)
perseverance(185)
craving(187)
thoroughfare(189)
folly(191)
molecule(191)
ornament(193)
decorate(193)
show off(193)
impatient(195)
pollute(195)
transform(201)
repentance(203)
marvelous(203)
celebrate(203)
modest(205)
appreciate(205)
be struck(207)
confront(207)
momentary(209)
shortcoming(211)
cliff(211)
sophisticated(211)
hold onto(213)
laboratory(213)
interfere with(213)
enthusiastic(215)
fantasy(219)
ramble(221)
doze(223)
shiver(223)
assume(223)
vague(223)
impulse(223)
inspire(223)
put A to shame(223)
disgust(223)
constant(225)
cram(225)
be inclined to(227)
output(229)
@p232
��ɿ��� Super Reading ��å
"of"�� ��v�� '��'��� ���ؼϸ� ���к��� �ʻ�.
ü���� ū ���: ���� ���� ������, � ������ � ���� ݵʴ�. �ο� ����
�ǿܷ� ü���� ��: ������ ����.
���� ܾ ���������. ö� � �� �ܾ�� � ǿܷ� ��� ���� as�� but�� � of, in ��
���� ���� �Ǵ�, ö� � ª: "ü���� ��:" �ܾ�� ���.
���� �� �ҿ� ������ '��'�� ���ؼϴ� of�� ��� �� �ϳ���
����
�ؼ ��� . ����.
�쿡켱찡 ��= �� ����;
(A) The thought of her made me sad.
(B) His knowledge of his ignorance proves that he is a wise man.
(C) The most liberal profession of love is not the surest mark of it.
���� ��� (A) ����; '��� ���׳: ���� ���p� ���ߴ� '��� �ؼϰ�
'���ϴ�. of�� ���� '��'�� �ؼ ϴ� ���: "of�� ��"�� �ɷ� �ִ� �����.
the discovery of Columbus�� '�÷����� �߰� �'8�� ����� �� ���ؼ, ���
ְ �'8�μ� �÷���� '�� ��'�־ȴ�. the discovery of the New Continent��
'�
�߰�'8�� �8�� �� �����ؼ, �� ����� of�� '�����'8�μ�, the New
Continent�� discovery��
��������. �� the cap of a pen�� of�� �ܼ��� '�κ�'(��/��);
��Ÿ����, the news of his
death�� '���� ��=���� �ҽ�'�� ��8�� '���뿡뼳뼳��'(����);
'��'; ��Ÿ���� of ��� ���� ������ ���� ����; ��Ÿ����
the study of English�� ��¥ ��: '��� ����ϴ� ��'���. Ÿ����(��,
�4� of�� ���8�� ��� ���� of�� ����, ���; �����8�� '��'���
�?��� �Ǵ� ���� '�� �� ���������.
��ؼ
(A) �׳ฦ ������ ����s��.
(B) '���� ������ ���'��� �������? '� :�� �ִ� �˰� ���� ���װ � � ڽڽ
�ΰ���; ��Ÿ���� �ִ�'�� �ȴ�.
(C) '����� ���� ��/�ο� ���'���� ����; �� �� ��� � ; � ؼ
'����ϴ�, ���ϴ�'��� �������, liberal: '�Ƴ����'���� ��. ���Ƿ�
�ƹ��� �Ƴ����� ����� ����� �صŰ� ����� �ʴ´�'�� ���� �Ǵ�
��, ��f���ʹ� "of�� '��'��� �ϴ� ��"; �߹��ϰ� "from; '����'���
"on; ''��'��� �ϴ� ��"�� �Ƶ�(adieu)!
@p233
It is not who is right, but what is right, that is of importance. (Helen Keller)
����� �: ���� ��8�İ� �ƴ϶� ������ ��8�����.
f 16�� �纸�� ��Ÿ���� ����(���� 135-140)
f 17�� ��d, v��; ��Ÿ���� ����(���� 141-151)
f 18�� Ư���(���� 152-160)
��ɽ����� CHECK YOUR STRUCTURE POWER!-Page 272
WORD POWER CHECK-Page 273
��ɿ��� Super Reading ��å-Page 274
@p234
���� 135 however-may...
Finish it, however long it may take. �ƹ��� �7� �ɸ���� � ������ ;�װ.
1. (however-may...)�� '�ƹ��� ...��'(�纸). ���� ����
may � �� ����
=Finish it, however long it takes.
2. however �ܿ� whenever, wherever, whatever, whoever, whichever � '����
��f(���,
����, ����, ��� ��)��'�� �纸�� ��.
Wherever he may go, he will be welcomed.
��� ����� � �״ȯ����; ���� �.
3. (-ever-may...)�� (no matter how(when, where, what, who, which)-may...)��
�Ἥ ��ٲ
���� �� �ִ�.
=No matter how hard he may try, he will not succeed.
Whenever you may call, you'll find him at his books.
=No matter when you call, you'll find him at his books.
���: whenever(=at any time) '...�� ���� ��f��', wherever(=at any place)
'...�� ��
�� � ', whatever(=anything that) '...: ������ ', whoever(=anyone who) '...:
��������',
whichever(=anyone of which) '...: ��� �������'.
GRAMMAR CHECK A
������ �濡 �µ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) ���� ��; �ϵ� ���θ��� ����.
(__) you (may) do, don't hurry.
(2) ���� ��ȭ�ϵ� ���� ������ �� �ض ߴߴ .
(__) matter (__) telephones, say I'm out.
@p235
GRAMMAR CHECK B
������ �濡 �µ��� ( ) ���� �ܾ � 迭�Ͻÿ�.
(1) �ƹ��� ������ ���غƵ� �� �� �� ����.
(tried, hard, I, however ), I couldn't do it well
(2) ���� ��; �ϴ�� �ּ�; ���϶�.
(what, matter, do, no, you), do your best.
(3) ��� ����� �ѱ�: ���� ���� ���� �����.
(may, I, go, wherever), I'll never forget Korea.
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) You are certainly right, whatever others may say.
(2) No matter how talented the speaker may be, a talk without adequate
preparation is
usually a failure.
-> adequate �����/a failure ������
(3) However bad the weather is, the postman must do his round.
-> go one's round ��� ����; ����
(4) I find it difficult to leave a book unfinished, however bad and however much
it bores
me. I could count on my fingers the number of books that I have not read from cover
to
cover.
-> leave-unfinished �ϵ����� ��: ä�� �δ�/I could count- ��d��/from
ó=���� ������
(5) However far you go, the water will never rise above your chest. Safety is
given
priority here.
-> be given priority ...�� �켱���, ...�� ���� �õȴ�
( ) ���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
���� ���� �Ͼ� ��� Ǹ�� � ���ؼȵȴ�. (whatever, discouraged)
@p236
���� 136 even if (though)-
I'll go fishing even if it rains �� �4�� ���� ���ø� ����ڴ.
(even if (though)->�� '...�����'�� �纸�� ��; ��Ÿ����.
Even though I fail, I'll try again.
�����ϴ�� ���� ��ٽ� �غ��ڴ.
����: even although��� ���� �߸�.
���� 137 whether-or not
Whether you like it or not, you must go. �u� �ȵ� �ʴ� ���߸� �Ѵ�.
(whether-or not)=(whether or not): '...��� �ƴϵ�'8�� �纸�� ��; ��Ÿ����.
The fares are almost the same, whether you go by train or by air.
������ ����� ���� ������ ���� ���� ����.
GRAMMAR CHECK A
������ �濡 �µ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) �ǰ��ϴ�� ���: ���; �����߸� �Ѵ�.
(__) (__) you're tired, you must get it done.
(2) �� �5� ���� �ʵ� ���� ������ �Ѵ�.
I have to leave (__) (__) it rains.
@p237
GRAMMAR CHECK B
������ �濡 �µ��� ( ) ���� �ܾ � 迭�Ͻÿ�.
(1) ���: � � ���װȾ �� �ؾѴ�.
(you, it, even, if, like, don't) you must do it.
(2) �u� �ȵ� ���� ���: �� ��� ���� �Ѵ�.
You must take my advice, (like, or, to, you, it, whether) not.
(3) �� �5� �� �5� ��: ����� �����.
(it, or, whether, rains, not) the ceremony will take place.
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) It does not matter to a great actor what part he plays, whether it is that of
a king or
a beggar.
-> It=what part he plays/matter ���ϴ�
/that=the part
(2) Skimming is useful also in choosing a book to read, whether it is fiction or
non-fiction.
-> skimming ���� �Ⱦ��
(3) If we want to enjoy freedom, we must be prepared to extend it to everyone,
whether
they are rich or poor, whether they agree with us or not no matter what their race
or the
color of their skin.
-> extend �ִ�, f���ϴ�
(4) We cannot know too much about the language we speak every day. The power of
rightly chosen words is very great, whether those words are intended to inform, to
entertain,
or to move.
-> cannot-too... �ƹ���...��� �صġ�� �ʴ�/be intended to ...��
�ϴ�/move ������Ű��
( ) ���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
��ε� �ε� ���� �� ��ǻ�� �� �ʹ�. (whether-or not)
@p238
���� 138 Young as he is,...
Young as he is, he's a good doctor. �� ��� �״Ǹ��� � ǻ ��� � .
1. though- '...����'(->140)�� ��; as�� ��Ÿ�� ���� '����(�λ�,
����'ó�� ��ġ�� �ȴ�. ��� as ��� though�� �ᵵ �ȴ�.
Tired as he was, he continued to study.
=Though he was tired, he continued to study.
2. (It is true that-, but...): '��� -����...'8�� �纸�� ��; ��Ÿ����.
It is true that
�κ�; �� �ܾ��� � λ� indeed(��)�� surely(Ȯ����)�� ��� �ٲپ: ��;
It's true that she's young, but she is wise.
=Indeed(=Surely) she is young, but she is wise.
����: as�� ���� ����� ��� ��翡�� ��縦 ������ �ʴ´�.
Murderer as he was, his wife didn't forsake him.
=Though he was a murderer, his wife didn't forsake him.
��� �� ���� ���״� �����ڿƳ��� �� ���� �ʾҴ�.
GRAMMAR CHECK A
������ �濡 �µ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) ����� �״ � � ���� ���ռ��ϴ�.
(__) (__) true (__) he is old, (__) he is robust.
(2) �� �״鸸�������� �ູ ������� ʴ�.
(__) (__) he is, he is not happy.
(3) �� ����� ����� ������ ����ϴ�.
(__) (__) he is, he has a marvelous memory.
@p239
GRAMMAR CHECK B
��= ����; ( ) ���� ��ÿ� ��� ���� �ٲÿ�.
(1) _It is true that_ she is smart, but she has no common sense. (���� ģ
�κ�; 1�ܾ���
�λ�� �)�ٲپ
(2) Though she is a woman, she is very courageous. (as�� ����Ͽ�)
(3) Though he is poor, he is happy. (as�� ����Ͽ�)
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) It is true that he is honest, but I can't trust him about this matter.
(2) Young as she was, she worked hard to support herself and her parents.
(3) Incredible as it may seem, it is quite true.
(4) Brave as they were, the danger made them afraid.
(5) Harsh as it may seem to the ordinary citizen, much of the foreigners' hatred
for
Americans has been generated by the way they behave.
-> hatred ���/generate ��� �Ű �
(6) Important as women's role in business and community life is in America, most
women
see themselves primarily as homemakers.
-> see oneself as- � ;�ڽڽ...�� �����ϴ�/primarily �ַ�/homemakers=housewives
( ) ���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
���� �ǰ����� �� �ҸӴϿ��� �� ���ڸ纸�ߴ�. (as, room)
@p240
���� 139 with (for) all-
With all his wealth, he is not happy. � ������� ���״ε��� �ູ �����
(with (for) all->: '(����)...�ӿ��� �ұ��ϰ�'��� ��; ��Ÿ����. ��
����: ��=�� ����
��ִ� �� �ٲ.
=In spite of(=Despite) his wealth, he is not happy.
=Though he's rich, he's not happy.
���� 140 Much as-
Much as I like her, I won't marry her. ���� �׳ฦ ���� �~����� ���׳
��ȥ: ����
�ʰ �ڴ.
(Much as->�� (Though-a lot)��� �ǹ��� �纸��; ����.
=Though I like her a lot, I won't marry her.
Much as I admire his courage, I don't think he acted wisely.
=Though I admire his courage a lot, I don't think he acted wisely.
���� �� ���� �ſ� ��ź���� �ൿ�� �����ߴߴ� ������� �ʴ´�.
GRAMMAR CHECK A
������ �濡 �µ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) ��õ�Ŀ��� �ұ��ϰ� �츮�� d�� �ö��.
(__) the bad weather, we reached the summit.
(2) � � ���� �װο��� �ұ��ϰ� ��� �״w���� ���Ѵ�.
(__) (__) his wealth, he is not contented.
@p241
GRAMMAR CHECK B
��= �� ������ ��: ������ �ǵ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) Despite her faults, I like her.
(__) (__) her faults, I like her.
(2) It may sound strange, but they go barefoot.
Strange (__) it may sound, they go barefoot.
(3) Though she was tired, she remained seated.
(__) (__) she was, she remained seated.
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) Much as I would like to help you, I have other work to do.
(2) Much as we admire Shakespeare's comedies, we cannot agree that they are
superior to
his tragedies.
-> comedy ���/be superior to- ...���� ����ϴ�
(3) With all his knowledge, he has seen very little of the world.
-> see little of the world ����d; ���� � �
(4) My story may sound false, but it is true for all that.
(5) It is true that for all his graces, civilized man until now has not been able
to resist the
temptation to war.
-> graces ��a/civilized man ������/the temptation to war ����; ��8�t�
(6) It is not because he was lacking in ability but because he was lacking in
sincerity, that
with all his learning he could not become respected by people.
-> It is-that...; ��v����/be lacking in ...�� ����Ǿ� �ִ�
( ) ���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
��� �״ó�� �н��� �ִµ��� ����� ���. (with)
@p242
���� 141 if-/unless-
If it is fine, I'll go for a swim. ������ ��8�� ���� ���Ϸ� ����ڴ.
1. (If->�� '����...���', (unless->(if-not)�� '����...��
�ƴ϶��'���� ��8�� v��; ��Ÿ����.
If you don't call him, he will not come.
=Unless you call him, he will not come.
���� ��ȭ���� ��8�� ������ ;�� ���� �״.
���: v��; ��Ÿ���� �� �ȿ����� ������8�� ����� ����Ѵ�.
If you _eat_ too much, you will get sick.
2. (��ɹ�, and->�� '...�϶�, ����...', (��ɹ�, or->�� '...�϶�, ����
8����...'���� ��;
��Ÿ����.
Study hard, and you will pass the exam.
������ � �ض , ��
�� ��� �հ��� ���� �.
Study hard, or you will fail the exam.
������ �8�� ���� �,��� �� ���հ��� �����.
ض
���: (��ɹ�, and(or)->�� (if->�� �Ἥ ��ִ� �� ���� �ٲ.
If you study hard, you'll pass the exam.
Unless you study hard, you'll fail the exam.
GRAMMAR CHECK A
������ �濡 �µ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) ���� � � ������ �װ䱸���� ��8�� ���� �Ȱ���ڴ.
I won't go (__) he asks me.
(2) ��Ʈ�� �Ծ��, �8 �� ����� ���Ⱑ �ɸ� �ž�.
Wear your coat, (__) you will catch a cold.
@p243
GRAMMAR CHECK B
��= ����; ( ) ���� ��ÿ� ��� ���� �ٲÿ�.
(1) Unless he comes soon, I'm going without him. (If�� ���۵ Ǵ� ����8��)
(2) If you don't ring the bell, he won't come. (��ɹ�8�� �����)�ؼ
(3) One more effort, and you will succeed. (If�� ���۵ Ǵ� ����8��)
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) "Now get up and try to do some work for a change," said Aunt Mary. "This
fence
needs painting and the sun is bright. You can do it all today, if you try very
hard."
-> for a change �����ȯ8��/need-ing ...�� ���� �ʿ��ϴ�(=need to be +
(2) Solar energy is not limited. But to get it and put it to work is still very
expensive. If
we can get solar energy at a low cost, we will be able to use it in various ways.
-> put-to work ...; ����ϴ�
(3) If you are silent for long periods, Americans will do their best to "draw you
out" or
will ask if you feel all right or if there is anything they can do to help you.
-> draw-out ����; Ǯ�� �ϴ�
(4) Unless it expresses something of the writer's personality, it is not a good
letter. In
other words, don't be satisfied to write letters that are correct.
( ) ���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
�ǻ���� ��� ������� ��8�� ������ ;�� ��׳. (unless, operate)
@p244
���� 142 If S were-, S would + �������
If I had wings, I would fly to you. ���� ������ �ִ� �ٸʿ��� ���ư� ��ٵ.
'���� -��� ...�� ��� ������ ���'�ٵǿ� ���ϴ� ��; ��d��
�����(be����� �־ � ��� ��� were)�� ����. ���; ��d�� ��Ŷ�� �Ѵ�.
�������� �����; ����. ��d�� ��Ŵ� (If S + �����-, S would +
��Ÿ����. would �ܿ� could, should, might�� ���δ�.
���� 143 If S had + ��źл�-, S could have + ��źл�
If I had had money, I could have bought it. ���� � �� ;�־���� ���� �װ
��� �־�; �ٵ.
'���� ...�����; �ٵ... ��� ����� ���'�ٸǿ� ���ϴ� ��; ��d��
��ſϷ���; ����. ���; ��d�� ��ſϷ��� �Ѵ�. ��d�� ��ſϷ�� (If S had
��źл�-, S could have + ��źл�...). could �ܿ� would, should, might�� ����.
GRAMMAR CHECK A
������ �濡 �µ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) ���� � ��� �װ �ִ� �ٸ츮�� �Բ� � � � � � � ; � �ٵ.
(__) he (__) here, we (__) go together.
(2) ���� ��f ������ ���Ҵ � �ٸ츮�� ����� �� ��־�; �ٵ.
(__) it (__) (__) fine yesterday, we could (__) (__).
@p245
GRAMMAR CHECK B
��= ����; ��ȣ ���� ��ô�� �ٲٽÿ�.
(1) As the sun shines, tomatoes quickly ripen. (��d���� ����8��)
(2) As you didn't leave earlier, you couldn't catch the train. (��d����
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) If the earth were flat, the whole ship would be seen at the same time.
-> the whole ship ��ü �κ�
(2) How many athletes would continue to train and compete if no spectators were
present
in athletic events?
(3) A hundred years ago people would not have believed their ears if someone had
said
that by turning the dial of a machine they could hear a concert given thousands of
miles
away.
(4) If more people rode bicycles to work, there would be fewer automobiles and
therefore
less dirty air from car engines.
-> and therefore(there would be) less dirty air
(5) We modern people love the sound of the word "big". A citizen of ancient
Greece would
have known what we meant, if he could have heard us talk. Mere bulk did not impress
him
at all.
-> if=even if/mere bulk �ܼ��� ũ��(����)
( ) ���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
���� � ��� ������� ��� ���� �װ迡 �� հ���;�� �. �(if, taken, might,
exam)
@p246
���� 144 If...should-
If he should come, I would welcome him. ���� � ����� �װ �� ´ ����ٸȯ���ϰ �ڴ.
1. '���� -��� ...�� �����'��� ���� �Ǵ� ����� �Ͽ� ����ؼ
��Ÿ�� ���� v���� should�� ����, (If S should + ���� ����-, S
would + ���� ����...)8��
��Ÿ����. ���; ��d�� ������ �Ѵ�. ����� would ��: v������
���������, ��ɹ� � �´�.
If he should call, tell him I'll call back.
Ȥ�� � �� �װȭ� ϸ� � � � � � � �ٽɰ ڴ� �ؿ� �.
���: If�� ���ϸ� Should he call, tell him I'll call back.
2. (If S were to + ���� ����-, S + should(would, could, might)...) ��
ܼ ����� '; �� '��d�� ���' ����� ������ ��.
'�
If you were to ask him, he might help you.
=If you asked him, he might help you.
If Helen were to make an effort, she could do better.
=If Helen made an effort, she could do better.
���: If�� ���ϸ� If you were to ask him-�� Were you to ask him-�� �ȴ�.
GRAMMAR CHECK A
������ �濡 �µ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) ����� � � �װ�
̴ �
� ���װ
Ϳ ���8� � .
(__) he hear about it, he will get furious.
(2) Ȥ�� �׳ฦ ������ �Ⱥ� � � � � �ּ���.
If you (__) see her, please say hello for me.
@p247
GRAMMAR CHECK B
������ �濡 �µ��� ( ) ���� �ܾ � 迭�Ͻÿ�.
(1) Ȥ�� �8� �� � � �װ츮 ��ȹ : � � � � � � ?
(come, he, if, shouldn't), what will become of our plan?
(2) ���� ���� ��ſ��� ��Ź�Ѵ ?��ٸ� ���� �����ְھ
(were, ask, if, to, I), would you help me?
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) If you should fail in the entrance examination, would you try it again next
year?
(2) If the sun were to be extinguished tomorrow, what would become of the earth?
-> extinguish (��, ���;) ���/become of=happen to
(3) Should anyone call on me, tell him I'll come back by six.
(4) If I should buy a foreign-made car, what country's would you recommend?
-> what country's ��� ������ ��/recommend ���ϴ�
(5) If anyone were to talk to me like that, I'd call a policeman.
(6) What a great convenience it would be if English were to become everybody's
major
language! That is a great convenience for us English-speaking people.
( ) ���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
Ȥ�� ����; �����ŵ� �׳� ��Ⱥθ� �������. (should, best wishes)
@p248
���� 145 If it were not for-
If it were not for water, we could not live. ���� ��� �ٸ츮�� �� �� ��;
1. (If it were not for->�� ��d�� ��ŷμ� '���� ...�� ��8��'���� ��;
��Ÿ����. (If it had
been for->�� ��d�� ��ſϷ�μ� '���� -�� ������'���� ��;
If it had not been for your help, I would have failed.
���� ������ ������ ���� ������; �����.
2. ��d���� if�� ���� �����ϴ�. ����; ��� ���糪 v���簡 ��־
�ȴ�. 1�� �� ǥ��: ��=�� ���� �ȴ�.
If it were not for-=Were it not for-
If it had not been for-=Had it not been for-
Were it not for your help, he would fail.
����� ������ ��8�� ������ ������ �״.
3. (If it were not for->=(Were it not for->, (If it had not been for->=(Had it
not been
for->�� ��� (But for-> �Ǵ� (Without->8�� ��ִ� �� ���� �ٲ.
But for(=If it were not for) the sun, we could not live.
But for(=If it had not been for) your help, I would have failed.
GRAMMAR CHECK A
������ �濡 �µ��� ( ) ���� �ܾ � 迭�Ͻÿ�.
(1) �¾��� ��� �ٸΰ�: �� �� ��; �����.
(were, the sun, it, not, for) we could not live.
(2) ���� �� �׳��� ������ ���ٸ츮�� ��; �Ҿ�; �����.
(for, not, had, been, help, it, her), we might have gotten lost.
@p249
GRAMMAR CHECK B
��= ����; ( ) ���� ��ÿ� ��� ���� �ٲÿ�.
(l) _But for air and water_, all living things would perish. (���� ģ �κ�;
��� �)�ٲپ
(2) _Without his he1p_, I could not have survived. (���� ģ �κ�; ��� �)�ٲپ
(3) The rescuers' quick arrival saved the girl. (If it8�� �����Ͽ�)
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) Without the map, he would have gotten lost.
(2) With a little more care, you wouldn't have made mistakes.
-> with=If you had taken a little more care.
(3) If it had not been for tools, man probably could not have survived.
(4) If it were not for white lies, society would be in an extremely uncomfortable
situation.
-> white lie ���� ��� �����
(5) I do not know what I would do for relaxation, but for the innumerable
detective stories.
-> relaxation �����ȯ/innumerable ������
(6) Had it not been for the good medicine, I might not have recovered from
illness.
-> Had it not been for=If it had not been for-
( ) ���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
���� v���� ��� �� ���� �ٸå; ���� �ʾ�; �����. (if, advice)
@p250
���� 146 I wish + ��d��
I wish it were fine today. �4� ������ ��8�� �p ڴµ�.
1. '...��� ��; ��� ���� ���'�ٵǿ� ��ݴǴ� '��� ;'�ٶŸ�� ���� (I
���)��; ����.
I wish I _could_ buy a car.=I'm sorry I can't buy a car.
�� �� �� �� �ִ�ٸ� ��; �ٵ.
I wish I _had_ a good memory.=I'm sorry I don't-.
���� ������ ��8�� �p ڴµ�.
2. '...������ �~�; ��'���� ��Ż�ǿ� ��ݴǴ� '��� ;'�ٶŸ�� ���� (I
��ſϷ�)��; ����.
I wish I _had come_ earlier.=I'm sorry I didn't come earlier.
{�� ���� �Ծ���� �~�; ��ٵ.
3. I wish-�� '��d�� ����'�� ��: ���� ����8�δ� If only-�� �ִ�.
I wish I had seen the movie.
=If only I had seen the movie.
=I'm sorry I didn't see the movie.
=I should have seen the movie.
GRAMMAR CHECK A
������ �濡 �µ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) ��� ���׳ȭ��ȣ�� ����Ҵ��� �~�; ��ٵ.
I (__) I (__) written down her phone number.
(2) �� ���ؼ � {�� ��: ��; �˸� �p ڴµ�.
I (__) I (__) more about him.
@p251
GRAMMAR CHECK B
��= ����; ( ) ���� ��ÿ� ��� ���� �ٲÿ�.
(1) She is sorry she can't come. (��d���� ����8��)
(2) I'm sorry I didn't attend the meeting. (��d���� ����8��)
(3) I was very sorry I was late. (How�� ������ ��d���� ����8��)
��= ����; ���ؼϽÿ�.
(1) Many students wish there were no such things as exams.
(2) I wish I were smart enough to make a fortune.
-> make a fortune ū ��; ���
(3) I wish he would get out of the habit of staring at me every time he sees me.
-> stare at- ...; ���� �Ĵ ���ٺ
(4) I wish I had studied harder when I was young.
(5) I wish I had not spent all the money.
(6) At the end of the semester you may wish you had been more studious.
-> semester �б�/studious ������ ����ϴ�
(7) The words had hardly left my lips before I secretly wished I had not spoken
in that
way.
-> hardly-before... ...��� ���ڸ...�ϴ�/in that way �8�� � ��
(8) How I wish my little brother would not ask me to help him with his homework!
( ) ���� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
��â���� �ð�; ������� �ʾҴ��� �~�; ��ٵ. (idle away, in my school
@p252
���� 147 To hear her talk,-
To hear her talk, you would think her sensible. ��� �׳8�� ⸧ � ���׳ � ฦ �к�
�ִ�
�������� ���� �ڷ.
1. �� ��d�簡 v����� ��d; ��Ÿ���� ��찡 �ִ�. ��� ����: If��;
���� ��ִ� �� ���� �ٲ.
=If you heard her talk, you would think her sensible.
2. �л 翡�� v����� ��d; ��Ÿ���� ���(->47)�� �ִ�.
Turning to the left, you will find the restaurant.
=If you turn to the left, you will find the restaurant.
����8�� ���� �� =��a�� �ֽ4ϴ�.
3. '�� 1, 2������ �� ��d�糪 �л��� �ǹǹ��� �־ � ��������־
�־�� ������ �־ ��� �ٸ쿡쿡쿡�� ������d��(->44)�� ���� �л 籸��(-
���ǥ��(->52)�� �ȴ�.
To tell the truth, she is my wife.
���; ������ ���� ��ڸ� �׳Ƴ� � Դϴ� .
Weather permitting, we will go camping tomorrow.
=If the weather permits, we will go camping tomorrow.
������ ��8�� �츮�� ���� ����Ѵ�.
GRAMMAR CHECK A
������ �濡 �µ��� �� ĭ�� ����� �ܾ �� 8�ÿ�.
(1) ���; ����� � �״ ��� ����� �ڸ簡���.
(__) (__) the truth, he is a famous historian.
(2) � ��� �װϴ� ��; ��8�� �׳ฦ ���������� ���� �����.
(__) (__) him speak, you would think her an Englishman
(3) �ҹ�8�� �Ǵ��t� � �״Ż���� �� ����.
(__) from rumor, he seems to have escaped.
@p253
GRAMMAR CHECK B
��= ����; ( ) ���� ��ÿ� ��� ���� �ٲÿ�.
(1) If we speak strictly, Bill's wiser than Tom. (�л 縦 �����)
(2) If you heard him speak English, you'd take him for an American. (to � � d� 縦
�����)
(3) If we take all things into consideration, we are going to have some good news
soon.
( � л 縦 �����)
� � = � � � � ; � ��ؼϽÿ�.
(1) To see him bowl, you would take him for a professional.
(2) Seen from a distance, that huge stone might look like a human face.
(3) It would be a great mistake to think whatever foreigners do is worth
imitating.
-> to think-=if we were to think-/whatever=anything that
(4) I would be happy to be of any service to you.
-> to be-to you=if I could be of any service to you.
(5) Reading in a poor light, you may damage your eyesight.
-> Reading-=If you read-
(6) Born in better times, she would have been known all over the world.
( ) ��� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
�
ڰ
�� �; ��� � � Ƹ � d � � � � 4 ڰڽڽϴ � . (happy, see)
@p254
��� � 148 as if (though) + � � d � �
He talks as if he knew about everything. � �� �״ġ � � � � Ϳ �� � � � �ƴ � � �
1. (as if (though)-> � � ' � � ġ ... � � � � ó � � ' � � � � ; � � Ÿ � � � � . ( - >124)
2. (as if (though)-> � � � � d � � � � Ű � � � � � � � ��� � � � ��f� � ��:
� � ó � � ' ��� � � � ; � � Ÿ � � � � � � d � � � � ſ Ϸ � ����� ������ ��f � � � � � � � �
... � � � � � � ó � � ' ��� � � � .
She acts as if she were mad.
� �� ��׳ġ � � ģ � � � ó � � � ൿ�Ѵ � .
She acted as if she were mad.
� �� ��׳ġ � � ģ � � � ó � � � ൿ�ߴ�.
He looked as if he were ill.
� �� ���� �״ó � � � � � � � � .
He looked as if he had been ill.
� � � �ʹ��� �״ó � � � � � � � � .
3. (as-as if + � � d � � ) : ' � � ġ ... � � � � ó � � ' ��� � � � .
She suddenly turned as pale as if she had seen a ghost.
� �� ��׳ġ / � � ; � � � � � � � � � �ڱâ � � � � s � � .
GRAMMAR CHECK A
��� � � � � 濡 �µ � � � � � ĭ � � � � � � � �ܾ �� 8 � ÿ � .
(1) � � � � ��ġ �� � � õ � � � � �ִ� ��ó � � � 2 � s � � .
I felt (__) (__) I (__) in heaven.
(2) � 7� �� � � � �״ �ξ Ҵ � � � ó � � � � � δ � .
He looks (__) (__) he (__) (__) ill for a long time.
@p255
GRAMMAR CHECK B
��� � � � � 濡 �µ � � � ( ) � � � � �ܾ � 迭�Ͻÿ�.
(1) � � : ȭ � п � � � � �� �ؼġ � � � � � � � ˰ � �ִ� ��ó � � � � � � Ѵ � .
(chemistry, Tom, knew, as, speaks, he, about, if, everything).
(2) � �� �״ġ / � � ��� � � � � ó � � � � � � � � � ��־.
(trembling, ghost, had, he, if, stood, a, seen, as, he).
� � = � � � � ; � ��ؼϽÿ�.
(1) He speaks English as fluently as if he had lived in the U.S. for a long time.
(2) Aunt Mary loves us as if we were her own children.
(3) She suddenly turned pale as though she had heard of the loss of a loved one.
(4) After a while they could talk cheerfully together as if they had been friends
for a long
time.
(5) Suddenly he caught sight of her face. It was so white that she looked as if
she were
about to faint.
-> catch sight of- ...; � � � � / f aint y � � � ϴ �
(6) When my husband finally brought home a book I had asked for four times I
thanked
him as if it were a diamond necklace!
(7) To the busy man, time is money, and the person who robs him of it does him as
great
an injury as if he had picked his pocket.
-> rob A of B A � � � Լ � B � � � � � Ѵ � / d o A an injury A � � � � � � � �ִ� �ظ/pick
... � � � ָ Ӵϸ� �д�
( ) ��� � ܾ � Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
�
� �� Ⱑ׳�� �ڱġ ������� ��ó �� �ൿ�Ѵ�. (if)
@p256
��� � 149 as(so) long as
You can borrow it as long as you keep it clean. � � � � � � ;�װ � � � � � Ѵ �ٸ
��p � � � � t � .
1. (as(so) long as-> � � '#1 ... �� ⸸ � ϸ � , ... � ϴ � � � ' , '#2 ... � ϴ �
� � � � : ' ��� � � � 8 � � v � � ,
��� � ��Ÿ � � � � .
I'll help you as long as I live.
��� � � � � � ִ � � � � � : �ʸ � � � � � �ְ�ڴ.
You may go out as(so) long as you come back soon.
� � � � � ƿ ´ � �ٸ� �����صt � .
2. (as(so) far as-> � � '... � ϴ � � � ' ��� � � � 8 � � f � � , � ѵ � � � � � Ÿ � � � � .
As far as I am concerned, I agree to his proposal.
�� �μ� � � ��� � ��п � �� � � � Ѵ � .
He won't come as far as I know.
��� � � ˱ � δ � � � �� � � ;�� ���� �״.
� � � : (as long as-> � � '... � � � Ǵ � � � � � ' , (as(so) far as-> � � '... � � � �
(�ָ�)' � � � � ⺻ ����
� ִ� .
He stayed there as long as a month.
I go as far as Pusan.
GRAMMAR CHECK A
��� � � � � 濡 �µ � � � � � ĭ � � � � � � � �ܾ �� 8 � ÿ � .
(1) / � � � ϱ ⸸ � ϸ � � å ��� � t � .
Any book will do so(as) (__) (__) it is beneficial.
(2) � � � � � ƴ � � � � �״d � � � ϴ � .
As (__) (__) I know, he is an honest man.
@p257
GRAMMAR CHECK B
� �= � � � � � � � � ��: �� � � � � � ǵ � � � � � ĭ� � � � � � � �ܾ ��8 � ÿ � .
(1) Any knife will do if it cuts well.
Any knife will do (__) long (__) it cuts well.
(2) As for me, I'm not opposed to the proposal.
(__) (__) (__) I am concerned, I'm not opposed to the proposal.
� � = � � � � ; � ��ؼϽÿ�.
(1) You may eat anything you like so long as you don't eat too much.
(2) It is true that any child can learn any language, as long as he starts early
enough.
(3) As long as I can understand what the student is trying to say, I do not
bother much
about grammatical errors.
-> as long as=if only/bother about- ... � � � Ű � � � � �
(4) The Greek civilization was the first, so far as we know, that was not ruled
by gods
and priests.
(5) As for the slaves themselves, so long as they were content to obey their
master's
orders, they seemed to be fairly well off on the plantations.
-> as for- ... � μ � � � / b e fairly well off � � / � � � ϴ � / p lantation � � � � �
(6) Health, so far as statistics show, has been steadily improving in all
civilized countries
during the last hundred years.
( ) ��� � ܾ �Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
�
� � � : � � � � � � �� 7 � � ־ �t � . (long)
@p258
��� � 150 provided (that)-
I'll go, provided (that) you yourself go. � � � ڽڽŵ � � � ��ٸ� ���� ���ڴ.
(provided (that)->=(providing (that)->: '... � � � , ... � � � v � � 8 � � ' � � � ��.
�� ��d � � � ��� �
�ʴ´ � . (suggest(propose, insist � � ) (that)->ó � � 'f � � , � 䱸, � 翬'; � � Ÿ � � � �
that � � �ȿ � � � � �
(should + � � � � � � � � ) � Ǵ � '� � � � � � ��� �'� �; ��� �.
I suggest that the meeting (should) be put off.
��� � 151 otherwise...
Hurry up, otherwise you will miss the bus. � � � ѷ � � � , � 8 �� ���� � � � �
(-, otherwise...) � � '-, � 8 �� ���� � . ..' ��� � � � . (-, otherwise) � κ � : (if
you don't hurry
up)8 � � � �ִ� �� �� �ٲپ.
� � � � : otherwise � � � � d � � � � ſ Ϸ � � � � � � � 8 � � � � � � � ;�� �� �� �ٲ
cf. He must have taken the wrong train; otherwise(=if he had not taken the wrong
train)
he would be here by now.
(in case (that)-> � � '#1 ... � � � � 쿡(=if)', '#2 ... � � � � � � � , ... � � � � �
ϱ�'��� ���� �ִ�.
In case you are in trouble, please call me.
��� � � � � � � � � ��� � ��� � � � � �ȭ �ϼ � � � .
Take an umbrella in case it rains.
� � � � � � � � � ϱ �� � � ; � � n � � � � .
@p259
GRAMMAR CHECK B
�Ʒ � � � �ܾ�� �� ����� � ܾ ��� �� ĭ � � � � 8 � ÿ � .
(1) I'll take an umbrella just (__) case it rains.
(2) He'll go hiking (__) (that) you do too.
(3) I studied hard; (__) I might have failed the exam.
(4) I suggest that this plan (__) postponed.
(be, in, otherwise, provided, should)
� � = � � � � ; � ��ؼϽÿ�.
(1) Physical fatigue, provided it is not excessive, can be a cause of happiness;
it leads to
sound sleep and a good appetite.
-> physical fatigue 0ü � Ƿ � /excessive � � � �
(2) Provided that our energy consumption is left increasing as it is now, the
natural
environment will have entirely been destroyed in several years.
-> as it is now � � � ó � �
(3) Television has introduced us to people and ideas we would not otherwise have
met.
-> otherwise=if it(television) had not introduced us to them(=people and ideas)
(4) Television programs do sometimes, without any real intention, stimulate
people's
curiosity to pursue interests and read books which they would not otherwise have
known
about or understood.
-> stimulate � ��ڱϴ � /otherwise=if TV programs had not stimulated-read books
( ) ��� � ܾ �Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
�
� �.� ߴ� ��������� �� ���״ʾҴ��� ������; ���� �. (otherwise)
@p260
��� � 152 � � ġ ( � � � � + ��� � + � )�־
Great was the sorrow of her mother. � �� ���׳Ӵ��� ����: �ſ� �Ǵ�.
1. � � � � � � Ϻ θ � � � v � ϱ � '� � � � � η � � � � � 8 � � � ����� ������ ��־
����ٲ
�� ; '�� ġ ' �ִ
� �찡 �� �.� � Ѵ� . � � � � � � ο � � � � � 8 � � S + V + C->C + V + S � �
Blessed are the poor in spirit.
=The poor in spirit are blessed.
� �= � � � � � � � � � �ִ� ���� �ڴ.
Wide is the gate and broad is the way that leads to destruction.
=The gate is wide and the way is broad that leads to destruction.
� ĸ 꿡 �̸� � � � � : ũ � � � � : � д � .
2. � � � � � � v � Ͽ � � � � ο � � � � � ; � � � � S + V + _O_->_O_ + S + Vó � � � ־
� � � : � �� ����״찡 ���� .
His face I'm not familiar with.
��� � ��: �� � � � � ��� � � � �ʴ � .
=I'm not familiar with his face.
��� � ��� � ��� � ��� � � � �ʴ � .
GRAMMAR CHECK A
��� � � � � 濡 �µ � � � � � ĭ � � � � � � � �ܾ ��8 � ÿ � .
(1) � ��ڽڽ�; �غϴ � � � � : � � � ϴ � .
Mighty (__) the man who conquers himself.
(2) � � � 꿡 �츮���8 � � � �� � .
That (__) (__) are going to climb.
@p261
GRAMMAR CHECK B
��� � ģ �κ �8 � � � � � � � � � � ġ � � ; � ��ۼϽÿ�.
(1) The sorrow of my parents was _great_.
(2) His dismay was _so great_ he shut himself up in his room.
(3) Mother bought me _this dictionary_ last year.
� � = � � � � ; � ��ؼϽÿ�.
(1) Much more money he needed to support his family.
(2) Great was our joy when we heard that she had survived the plane crash.
-> survive ... � � � � � � Ƴ � � � / p l ane crash � � � � � � ߶���
(3) We can know the past but the future we can only imagine.
(4) Very delighted was she at the news that they had won the game.
-> the news that- that � � � � � � ... � � � � ҽ �
(5) So old was the document that it was barely decipherable.
-> barely � � � � ... � � � � � � � / d ecipherable � ǵ � � � � � �ִ�
(6) She committed suicide by poisoning. How she did it, no one will ever know.
-> commit suicide � ��ڻϴ � (=kill oneself)/no-ever=never
(7) The vices of others we keep before our eyes, our own behind our back; it
happens
therefore that a man does not pardon another's faults who has more of his own.
-> The vices of others � � keep � � � � � � � / o ur own(vices we keep) behind our
back/who � �
��� � � � a man/more=more faults
( ) ��� � ܾ �Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
�
� � �״ſ � � 뵿밨밨 �ؼ � � ' � 赵 �η����� �ʾ Ҵ � . (So�� ��� ۵ Ǵ� ��ġ��8��)
@p262
��� � 153 � � ġ ( � λ � ( � � ) + V + S)
Out ran the children. � � 8 � � � � ��� : � پ� ��� .
1. � λ � ( � � ) � � � � � ο � � � � � 8 � � ��� � ( � λ � ( � � ) + V + S) � � � � � � �
��� � � � � 찡 ���� .
=The children ran out. ( � � � � � � �� �)
Through Seoul runs the Han. � Ѱ � : � � � � ; � � � � Ѵ � .
=The Han runs through Seoul.
2. v � � � 簡 �� ; ��� � ( � λ � ( � � ) + v � � � � + S + V) � � � � � � � �ȴ � .
��� � � � ��Ͱ � � � : � � 8 � � � ϴ � � � 쵵 �ִ�.
Never did I have such a bad dream.
��� � � � �Ǹ � ; � � � � � � �� �.
=I never had such a bad dream.
3. � � d � � � � � � ; � � '-� � � � � � ... � � � ƴ ϴ � ' � � (nor(neither) + do + S
+ V) � � � � Ÿ � � � � .
I am not rich, nor do I wish to be.
ڰ ڰ
��� � � � � � �ڰƴϰ� ,� �� � �ڰǰ� � � � � �ʴ � .
"I don't like swimming"-"Neither do I"
��� � � � ; �~ � � � � � �ʴ´ � .- � � � � �~ � � � � � �ʴ ´ � .
GRAMMAR CHECK A
��� � � � � 濡 �µ � � � � � ĭ � � � � � � � �ܾ ��8 � ÿ � .
(1) � � � � � � � � ����� �� ������ �ٽʾҴ� .
(__) (__) I meet him again.
(2) � � � � � � � ����� ���� ���� ���� �ۿ.
Only (__) (__) I met him.
@p263
GRAMMAR CHECK B
��� � � � � 濡 �µ � � � ( ) � � � � �ܾ �迭�Ͻÿ�. �� ���� ģ �ܾ�� �����Ͻÿ�.
(1) � � � � � � � ӷ � 8 � � � � � � ȴ � .
(went, at, speed, full, the car, _away_).
(2) � � � � � � � ;����� �״ �� �.
(he, a, told, _never_, has, lie).
(3) � �� ��׳Ӵϸ� ���ߴ����� ��� ����ڸ.
(when, she, seen, burst, she, had, her mother, _scarcely_, tears, into).
� � = � � � � ; � ��ؼϽÿ�.
(1) Not only is gold beautiful, but it is virtually indestructible.
(2) At no time does the plain look so beautiful as in early autumn.
-> no-so-as ...ó � � � ��� ... � � � � � �ʴ �
(3) I don't know anything about the cause of his failure, nor does his mother.
(4) They had become so thoughtless that they no longer knew what was right, nor
did
they seem to care.
-> thoughtless � � � � � � � ��� �, ��� � � � � ��ڶ
(5) She flung the door wide open for him ,silently watched him go out, and not
until she
heard the front door close behind him did she make a move at all.
-> fling-open ...; Ȱ¦ ����
( ) ��� � ܾ �Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
�
��� � � ׳ �ǻ 簡 ���Ŷ � � � � � � � ��� � � � � ߴ�. (Never � � � � � ۵ Ǵ�
@p264
��� � 154 It is-that (who)...
It was yesterday that I went fishing. � � � � ��� � �Ϸ � �� ��� �
1. (It is(was) + � � v � ϴ � � + that...): � � � � � � � �־, � � � � � , � λ � ( � � ,
� �) � �; � �v � � � �
� ִ�. � � v � ϴ � �ܾ�( � � ) � � � � � � � � � 쿡��that � � ſ � who � � whom; � � � � ��
It was the boy whom(=that) he saved. ( � �� ���־v)
� ��� ���� �װ: � � �ҳ � ��� � .
It was yesterday that he saved the boy ( � λ � � � � � v )
� � �� �װҳ�; ���� ���� ��f����.
� � � : It is(was), that(who); � �ָ� ������ � ��� � ȴ�.
It was when he was four that he went over to the U.S.
� � � � � � �װdz ʰ � � � : 4 � � � � � � � � .
-> When he was four, he went over to the U.S.
2. � � v � ϴ � � � � ǹ � � � � � ��� � ( �ǹ � � � + is(was) it that-?)
Who was it that he saved yesterday?
� �� �װf � � � � �� �: ��ü �� � � � � � 4ϱ �?
When was it that he saved the boy?
� � �� �װҳ�; ���� ���� ��ü ��f���4ϱ�?
GRAMMAR CHECK A
��� � � � � 濡 �µ � � � � � ĭ � � � � � � � �ܾ ��8 � ÿ � .
(1) � � � ; � � � � � � � � � : � ׳�4 ϴ � .
It (__) (__) that had met you.
(2) � � � � ��� � ��� � ��� � � �� ��� � � Դϴ �.
(__) (__) the man (__) I see every day.
@p265
GRAMMAR CHECK B
� �v � � � � ; � Ἥ � � � � � � � � ��� � ģ �κ � ; � � v � ϴ � � � � � ; � � � ÿ � .
(1) _A wise mother_ knows his own child.
(2) I want to buy _this house_.
(3) I met him for the first time _while I was in New York_.
(4) _What_ do you want to talk about?
� � = � � � � ; � ��ؼϽÿ�.
(1) It is want of imagination that prevents people from seeing things from any
point of
view but their own.
-> want � � w (=lack)/but=except/their own (point of view)
(2) After all, it is what the students do and not what the teacher does that
counts in their
progress.
-> count � ��
ϴ� ( = matter)
(3) We learn wisdom from our errors. Sometimes it is only by making mistakes that
we
can really know how to live correctly.
(4) They depend on their husbands for food, shelter, and clothing, so it is the
husbands
who have to face that harsh outside world and compete with others in order to earn
the
money to support their families.
-> food, shelter, and clothing � ǽ � � � / f ace � � � ( � � ó ) � ϴ � / c ompete with-
(5) In studying a foreign language, it is the sounds and their meanings which
must mainly
concern us.
-> concern � � � ; � � � � � ϴ � ( =interest)
@p266
��� � 155 � �ʹ � � 翡 ������ v
I myself ordered him to do this. � � � � � � b �ߴ���� ��϶� ;��� ����.
� � � �Ǵ � � � � � � � � � �� �ٷǴ� ����� ������ ��ʹ��縦 �ξ � ( � � ) � � 縦 �� v� �
� ִ�. � � ; � �ʹ � � � � � � � v � � � ��� � �Ѵ�.
=I ordered him to do this myself.
I met Mr. Smith himself. � � � � � � ��� � � � � � � � � � � � ;�ڽڽ.
She is diligence itself(=very diligent). � � ��׳ſ � � � � � � ϴ � .
��� � 156 v � � � 翡 ������ v
I do hope you enjoy your trip. � � ſ � � � � � � � �DZ� � � d � ��ٶ.
� Ϲ �� �����ݵv � � v � � � � do, does, did � � � � � � � � ��� � � տ � �ξ �
�� �ϰ � ��= � Ѵ �.
I do hope he will come. � � � � �� ��� �8 � � � p �ڴ.
Who did break the window? â � � ; � � � � � : � � � � � � � � ?
GRAMMAR CHECK A
��� � � � � 濡 �µ � � � � � ĭ � � � � � � � �ܾ ��8 � ÿ � .
(1) � � � �ڽڽ: ��� � � � � �Ͼ � � � � � ��� �ʴ´ � .
I do not (__) think this will happen.
(2) f � � v � � � � � � !
(__) be quiet!
@p267
GRAMMAR CHECK B
��� � � � � 濡 �µ � � � ( ) � � � � �ܾ �迭�Ͻÿ�.
(1) � �� �ʹ� �۾:�� �� �� � װұ� ������ ��.
(because, that, the car, so, it, it, was, sold, small, he, was).
(2) � � � � � � ��f { �� �� � � ��.
(this, me, do, help, problem, with).
(3) � � �״ſ � d � � � ϴ � .
(honesty, is, itself, he).
� � = � � � � ; � ��ؼϽÿ�.
(1) These are the cakes that she herself made.
(2) I don't have fever, but I do have a difficult time failing asleep.
(3) Sometimes planning for a trip can be almost as much fun as the trip itself.
(4) He is generally very reserved, but if he does talk, he always speaks to the
purpose.
-> reserved � � � � � � � � , � � � � � � : /to the purpose � � � �ְ�
(5) If you can read rapidly and with good understanding, you will probably find
it easy to
remember a good deal of what you do read.
(6) Even if your friends do happen to know it, they will forgive you for doing it
because,
by this time, they will have been impressed by your earlier efforts.
( ) ��� � ܾ �Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
�
� � � �ڽڽ��� ������ �� ��⸧ ���ݾ. (told, story)
@p268
��� � 157 � � v � � � � � � ��v
Where on earth have you been? �ʴ � � � � � ü � � � � � � � �Դ �?
ever, on earth, in the world � � � � � � � ǹ � � � � � �ڿξ �
' � � � � ... �ʴ � ' � � � � � d � � � ǹ̸� � � v � � � � � � at all, in the world, in
the least � � ; � � � � .
It doesn't matter in the least. � ����� :�� � � � �װ �ʴ � .
��� � 158 � �
When in Rome, do as the Romans do. � θ � � � � � � � �θ � � � � � � � �ϴ´ � �
�� � � � � , �� �d� � � � ��� � � λ � � � ; ��� � b � ӻ � when, while, though, if
' � �־+ be � � � � ' � � �� �Ѵ�.
Some people like fishing; others don't (like fishing). ( � � � � )
When (he was) young, he worked hard. ( � λ � � � � � � � ' � �־+ be � � � � ' )
Don't go if you don't want to (go). ( � � � d � � )
GRAMMAR CHECK A
� �= � � � � � � � � �� ��� � � � � � �( ) � ��8�ÿ�.
(1) We didn't want to go but we had to go.
(2) Though she was tired, she finished the job.
(3) You can use my car if it is necessary.
@p269
GRAMMAR CHECK B
��� � � � � 濡 �µ � � � ( ) � � � � �ܾ �迭�Ͻÿ�.
(1) = � � ; � � � � ־ � ��� ��� Ҹ��� �� ����.
(music, listening, while, to), I didn't hear the bell ring.
(2) � � � : � � � � ü � � � � � � ; � ϴ � ��ϱ � ?
(you, the, world, talking, in, what, are, about)?
(3) � � � � ߽�Դ� �λ�: ��ſ��� �, � ���߽�Դ� ������ �.
To (life, pleasure, some, is); (others, to, suffering).
� � = � � � � ; � ��ؼϽÿ�.
(1) I didn't mean to take a taxi, but I had to as I was late.
-> I had to (take)
(2) All these things the pioneers did, not because they wanted to, but because
they had to
in order to live.
-> All these things � � did � � � � � � �
(3) When in doubt about the accuracy of the meaning of a word, look it up in the
dictionary.
-> When in doubt=When you are in doubt
(4) "I watch a football match nearly every Saturday afternoon either at the local
stadium or
on TV. What about you? Do you play football?"
"I'm afraid not! And I don't watch it either."
-> I'm afraid not=I'm afraid I don't play football
(5) "I'm having a toothache again. I can't stand it."
"I have been advising you to have the painful tooth pulled out."
"I'd love to, if it's your tooth."
-> stand � � � / p ull out- ...; ���
@p270
��� � 159 � � � � � � ��� �
No man can live by and for himself. �ƹ � � � ȥ� 8�� �� � ڱ � � � � � � �ڼ
��� � � � by and for himself � � by himself and for himself � � � � : � � ��� .
� � � ⼭ ���
himself � ���ȴ���.
We can and must help suffering people.
� 츮������ � ����; � � � � � � �ְ� �� ���;߸� �Ѵ�.
' � � � � : We can (help suffering people) and must help suffering people. � �
��� �Ǵ � �κ �;
��� � � � ��� .
��� � 160 � � � � , � � � �
Everybody knows the fact that he is smart. � ����� �װϴ ��� �ٴ: � � ΰ � �ȴ � .
�� �( � � �)� � � � � � � � (��� �ٸ ) � � � 迭������ ; � � � � ��� � � ; � � � � ��
( � � � + � � � ) , ( � � � + of + � � � ) , ( � � � + � � � � � ) � � � � �ִ�. � � � � :
� � � � , � � ���� �ؼ ��
÷� � � ϴ � � � 8 � � , � � � � � � : � � � � � � .Ѵ
He is, to be sure, a great scientist.
� � �״и � � � ' � � � � � � � � � � ��� .
GRAMMAR CHECK A
��� � � � � 濡 �µ � � � � � ĭ � � � � � � � �ܾ ��8 � ÿ � .
�� �: ��� � � � � ƴ ϰ � � ��Ե � � � � � � � � .
Knowledge is not, and (__) (__) everything.
@p271
GRAMMAR CHECK B
� �= � � � � ; ( ) � � � � � � ÿ � � � � � ��� �ٲÿ � .
(1) ( � ׳ � ��� ϴ )��� �ٴis known to everybody. (( ) � � � � � 츮��; ��� � �
(2) Will it rain tomorrow? No, � � � 8 � � p �ھ. ( � 츮�� ; ��� � �)
(3) It is said that he was a professor. (He � � � 8�ܹ� �� ��) � �־
� � = � � � � ; � ��ؼϽÿ�.
(1) The problem of exactly what to say, and where and when to say it, is
extremely
complex.
-> complex � � � � � �
(2) He came to the conclusion that happiness is not secured solely by physical
comfort or
economic well-being.
-> secure Ȯ���ϴ�/solely=only
(3) The hotel bus brings visitors from, and takes them back to, the railway
station.
(4) Try to win, and still more to deserve, the confidence of those with whom you
are
brought into contact.
-> still more ...: � � � � �͵ � � � � / c onfidence � ŷ � /bring-into contact
with... ...; ... � � b � � � �
�ϴ �
(5) It is an error to suppose that the public is indifferent to, or unable to
understand, the
problems of religion and philosophy.
-> be indifferent to- ... � � � � � � � � ϴ �
( ) ��� � ܾ �Ἥ ��= ����; �����Ͻÿ�.
�
� ��׳dȮ�� ���� 22���� �. (precise)
@p272
� � � д ɷ½ � � � ��� � ��� � � �
Check Your Structure Power
�Ʒ � � � passage � � : '96 � г � � � д ɷ ½ � � � � � � � ι � � � � f � ߽ � ���
���Դϴ�.
1. A beautiful new brick extension, kitchen, lounge, dining room or whatever you
need can
be yours, quickly and at a surprising low cost, when you choose blacknell. ('96
� � � 15 � � )
Note: whatever-> � � � � 89
2. I believe that whenever we destroy beauty, or whenever we substitute something
artificial for a natural feature of the earth, we have slowed down man's spiritual
growth. ('96
� � � 24 � � )
Note: whenever-> � � � � 89
3. The Greek democracies made the discovery that a community could consciously
make
new laws or change old ones. This means that a human law is a set of rules that are
valid
only for a certain number of people over a certain period of time. The term 'law'
has a
different meaning, however, when used to describe the regularities of nature. ('96
� � � 42 � � )
Note: the discovery that-> � � � � 160 ( � � � � ) / when used-> � � � � 158 ( � � � )
@p273
WORD POWER CHECK( � � � �� ������ �ڴȣ)
priority(235)
skim(237)
extend(237)
entertain(237)
incredible(239)
generate(239)
comedy(241)
tragedy(241)
resist(241)
temptation(241)
sincerity(241)
extinguish(247)
recommend(247)
relaxation(249)
innumerable(249)
studious(251)
faint(255)
bother(257)
plantations(257)
statistics(257)
physical(259)
fatigue(259)
appetite(259)
document(261)
decipherable(261)
virtually(263)
indestructible(263)
thoughtless(263)
reserved(267)
to the purpose(267)
pioneer(269)
secure(271)
deserve(271)
@p274
� �ɿ � � � Super Reading � � å
� � � ƴ � �ܾ ��� � ���� ��� �ִ�� �ٴǿ � � � � � � ϶ � !
��� " � � � Ǿ � " , � � � � � � � � : �ܾ ���� �˾ ƺ ���. ����� ���ϸ �, �����
� � � ϼ � � , � � � Ǿ � ��� .
��� � �� ��� � ��� ��� � ���Ǿ� � � � �ؼ, � � ΰ � � � � � � : � ƴ ϴ � .
ȥ���Ǵ�
� Խÿ � � "���
� Ǿ���"��δ8� 鼭matter, account, hold, respect, issue, term, do, bear, line, mean
� �; � �
� � � ִ�. � � = � � � � ; � � � � ��� �.
(A) This is the case with him, too.
(B) Call for help in case of emergency.
(C) I have many cases of cholera.
case �ϸ � � � � 8 � � � � � : ' � � � � ' , ' � � � ' . ��� � Ƿ � 8 � � � � � � � Խ ø �
� �ؼ
(A) be � � � � � �ڿthe case � � 8 � � � � � � ; � � � � true � � � � � 8 � � ' � � � ' ,
' � � d '. � � � � � � � � : '� �
�� �: ��� � � � 쿡����� ȴ�'.
(B) in case of � � 8 � � the � � � � ; � � � � �ܼ��� ' � � � ' � � � ƴ ϶ � , ' � � � � � �
��� � � � � � : '� � � ÿ � � � � � � � ; � � � ϶ � ' . cf. in case of fire
(C) case � � 'ȯ � � ' , ' � � � � � � � ' , ' � � � ' � � � � ��8 �ε � �� �� � � .
ڰ
��� � � � � � : ' � ���ݷȯ��ڰ
�� � � '.
case � � � � �� ' � � � ' ���ۿ, ' � � � � ' , ' � � � � ' �� � � 浵 �ִ�.
(1) He is the judge in a murder case.
� ��� �״λ � � � � � � ǻ � ��� .
(2) The case will come to court tomorrow.
�� ��� �: ��� � ��� � � � ��� .
(3) He made a case for shorter working hours.
� �� ״� �ٹð � ; � � � � � � �ؾѴ � � � ;���� �ٴ.
@P275
d � � � � � �ؼ
Grammar check A & B d � �
� � � � � �ؼ
� � � ۹� d� �
� �ɽ � � � � �
@p276
f 1 � � it; � � 8 � �ϴ � � � � �
P.10 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) for, you, to (2) It, for, to (3) of, to
P.11 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) It is natural for him to get angry with you.
(2) It is unwise of you to refuse his offer.
(3) It is good for you to keep early hours.
� � � � � �ؼ
(1) � � ΰ � �ְ��� �۹�; � � ⸦ � �� �� �ٶ�ٸ: � � � � �Ѹ� � � � � �ʿ � � ϴ � .
(2) � � � � � � � � ��� ���ڿϱ�� ���� ���� ���� Ī���ϱ�� ��ƴ�.
(3)d � Ա � 0 ��� � � θ � � � � � � � � � � � � ǿ � ȣ � � � ��� � � � Ҹ � � ߽�4° � �
� � ϴ � . � � � � � � 屸���н0 � � � � � � � � ' � � � ��� � Ѵ � .
(4) � � 谡 �� ; ��� � � ϴ � � � � ô 뿡쿡찡 �������� 0 � ; � � �� � �Ͱ � � � = � �
� �; � � � � � � �˰ � �ϴ � � � � � �ʿ � � ϴ �
� � � ۹�: It is wrong for children to have too much spending money.
P.12 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) It, that (2) It, is, that (3) It, whether
P.13 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) It is true that he speaks English well.
(2) It is doubtful whether this machine works well.
(3) It is a common saying that thought is free.
� � � � � �ؼ
(1) � � � � � � 屸������ Ȱ���� �ұ��ϰ� �η�� ��Ư�� ��ħ�Ҹ� �Ǵ� ������8�� ���صǴ�
� �ħ �Ҹ � � � � � � � �� �ٴ: � � � ϴ � .
@p277
(2) � � � � � � ��� � � � � ���� �ڿϰ � � � � ϴ � � � � � � � � ϴ � . � а � � �
� ϴ � � � ��� � �ۿ� ������ �װ: Ưd�� ����; ���� ����s=; Ȯ���� �� ��;���� ϱ�
(3) � 4ó � �Լ � � � � � �ִ� ��: å � � � � � � � � ſ � � � � � ġ �ִ� å; � � � � � ϱ � �
�ſ � � � ƴ � . � � � � , � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � ã � � � 4 � � �ٷ
(4) � � � � Ⱑ d � ÿ � � � � £ ��������� �ǽɽ�����.
� � � ۹�: It is necessary that you (should) go there at once
P.14 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) Whether (2) Who (3) When
P.15 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) It is not known where he died.
(2) It is not clear who said such a thing.
(3) It is not clear when they will leave.
� � � � � �ؼ
(1) � � � : �� ��� � � � ƴ 3İ � � ƴ϶ � � � �˰� �װ ִ � ��; � � � Ȱ � � � ϴ 3 Ĵ �
(2) � � � � � � � � ; � ϴ 3İ � � ƴ϶ � � � � � � � ��f �� �� � � � � d� �
(3) � � κ � � � ��� � �� �ε�: �� �� � � ��; �� � � � � � . � ��� ���濡 ��
� � � ��� ���濡 ����ħ � � ; � � � ѿ Դ � � � � � и � ġ �ʴ � .
(4) � � � � � ε � � � �� ��� � � � � � � � � ; � Ĺ � � � ȭ � ߴ���� ��Ȯ���� �ʴ�. ����
� � � � / � � � Ѱ � � � ��������� � ܿ��� � ؿ ���� �� ��� v � � � � � � � � ��� � ��� �
� �: � � ��: � � � v �ǵ � ; � � � � � � � � ��� � � � � �߱� ����� � � � � � � � .
(5) � � � � � � � � � ��� � � � � � � � � � � � � � �ƹ � � � � � f � � � � �ȴ � .
@P278
� � � ۹�: It's not certain whether he talked it over with her.
P.16 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) happened, that (2) It, seems (3) It, that
P17. GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) He seems to be content with his job.
(2) The house happened to be on fire.
(3) He appears to be in good health.
� � � � � �ؼ
(1) � � : ��ŵ � � � � 츮���� ��� � � � � x� � � ϴ � � � � � � � . � � � � �͵ � � � � �
� ��ִ� ���� ����� ���� ���� ����0�� :�͵���������� ���װε߽�Ե �
��� : � � � � ��� � � ��� � �ƴϴ � .
(2) � 츮�� : � 츮�����θ � Ե 麸������ ڱ � ���������� ��� � � � � � � � � �� ��� �.
�ֳ��ϸ� �θ�Ե�: �4ó� �츮���������� a � � ; � 츮�����ַp � � � : � � ; � � � �߱� �
(3) 19 � � � � � � � � : � � � � � �߽ڵԴ� ������ �乮 f � � � � ΰ � � �ذǰ� �ְ� ��� � � �
�� �������� �� �ؾ: � � � � � � ; � � � � � Ҵ � . � 20 ���� � � Ⱑ � � � ۵ Ǹ 鼭 �
��������� ко� � � � � � � � � � � � ȭ � � �Ͼ � � � � � � ߴ�
� � � ۹�: It happened that I was in New York then.
P.18 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) is, said (2) to, have, swum (3) is, said
PL.19 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) He is said to be a great musician.
(2) It is said that his father died in battle.
� � � � � �ؼ
(1) ��� � � : � � � 8 � � � � ⸦ � � � � � ϴ � � � �ݸѱ���: ���� �����Ѵ�.
@P279
(2) � � �߰ߵ�: � 쿡쿡쿬 �� � � � � � �� � � � � Ѵ � � � � �
��� � 츮��������������־�ٴ
���; � � � � � � �� �� �.
(3) ��� : � � � � ϶ � � � � � � � � � ~�� ���پ � Ѵ .� � � � � � : � � � � ÿ � � �
��� � � ε 巯����� µ � �ֳ��ϸ� ���忡����
�� ~ � � � �� �ٸ: � � � � � � ��� � � �
�(4)
� � f1 � ���� ����
��. ������ ��� � � � ��� � � � � 0 ; � � � � 뵿 8 �κ � � � �
ߵ������ ���ع: � � ǻ � Ͱ � � � � � � � � =; Ʋ� � � � � � ��� � � ��عų � � ;
� � � ۹�: It is said that he is a famous lawyer.
P.20 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) found, it, to (2) it, for, that (3) it, to
P.21 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) She makes it a rule never to have coffee
(2) I found it difficult to keep a diary every day.
(3) I took it for granted that he would want to come.
� � � � � �ؼ
(1) � � � � � 츮���� : ��� � ��� � � � ´ � . �Ź �; � � � � �ʰ � , TV � � � Ⱥ � � �
�� ��; �� � � � � � � � ; �Ŵ � � � � � � � � � � � ��� �; ���ϱ� �
(2) � � � � � � � ��� � � = ; � � � � �ʱ � � � ϰ � �ִ�. � ֳ ��ϸ� ������ ����ϴ� ��: �ǰ�
��� � ��� � ��� � � � � ȵ DZ � � � � � ��� .
(3) � � � ��� � � � ϰ � � � � � � � ��� ��� � � � � ڱ � ���� �ְ� ������ ְ �
��� � � � � � � � � � � ;��� �ٴϰ � � Ǵ � � � ; � � ; � � � � � � Ѵ � . � ���
� ��� �� ���� �� ���, � � ��� � � � ; �� � � � .
(4) � � � � � : � �״� �ڱ.��� � ��� ���� ������ Ⱑڸ麸������ ϴ � ;�� �ٴ翬���
@p280
� � � ۹�: I found it hard to do the job alone.
P.22 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) it, for (2) it, of, to (3) it, that
P.23 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) I think it necessary for thou to go on a diet.
(2) I think it strange that he didn't talk to you about it.
(3) I think it stupid of him to make such a mistake.
� � � � � �ؼ
(1) � � � � � 츮 �����¸ � � � � � � � Ȯ � � � ϴ �� ����.
(2) � � �� Ⱑ״� �ڱϰ�� �����ϴ � ;�� �ٴи � � � � ߴ�.
(3) � � ��: �˸ y � �Ҽ����� ����� ߴ��ּ� �� �ٴϴ �� ����.
(4) � � � � : � � � �ڶ�� ���ٴȭ���� �. ��: � � � � � ϱ � � � � � �� ��� �
��� � å; � б � ' � � � � � � � � � Ѵ � � � �ٴ� ��; � ڰټϴ �� ���Ѵ�.
(5) � 츮������������ȣ���; ���´�. �츮���������� ; ��� � � � � ߽ Ư�� ����� �ִ�.
��� � å � � � � � 迡 �� Ⱑ�� �־Ҽ����� �� �� �ȸ��� ���� �翬�ϴ �� ����.
� � � ۹�: I think it impossible for us to finish the job in a day.
f 2 � � � � � 縦 �߽߽ � 8� � � ϴ � � � � �
P.24 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) the other (2) the others (3) the other
P.25 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) one, the other (2) The, the
@P281
� � � � � �ؼ
(1) � � � � ��� � � � � � ���; ��� � � � � ; � � � Ѵ � . � � ߽ݸΰ � ��� � � � � �
�ʵ � �̸� � � � Ѵ � . � � � �� ���ڴ � ���� � ������ �ڴ.
(2) � � � � �ϳ � � � ~ � � � � � � ;~ �ٸӾ � � � f� � � � � � ´ � . � � � � ��f�δ�
� � � � ; � ϴ � � � � � : � � ~ � � ��� . �ϳ � � � � � � � ��� � � �ٸϳ��� �ΰ��� �.
(3) � � � � � � � � � ; � � å � ϰ � � �� ����� �� �ݸ:��� �� �� �� .��߽־
������: �� � � � � � � � � � � .
(4) � ����� :���� ���� ���ݰп � � � � � x � � � � � ű � � �ƹ � � � � � �
��� �Ǿ � ��� � �ʴ � . � � � ��� ���� �ڸϴ � � � � � : � � � �� �ڵd8 � � � � � �
� � � ۹�: I have three close friends. One is in New York, and the others (are) in
Seoul.
P.26 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) after (2) another (3) another
P.27 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) another (2) other (3) thing, another
� � � � � �ؼ
(1) � Ǹ � � � � 弭�������ִ� �� �Ͱ� �ٴ弭������ ϰ � ��� � Ѵ �� �ٴ: � � � �
��� � � � � � f ��� .
(2) � � : = � � ; � � � � � � � � Ѵ � ������ �Ͱ� �ٴɼ��� �����Ѵ �� �ٴ:
��� � � � � � �� � .
ڰ
(3) � ƴ � � Ͱ � � � � ϴ � � � : � � � � � ���ٸ. � 츮�������� ���� �ڰϾ � �
��� � �ǰ � � � � t � � ;�ٴ� ��; �˰�� ���� �װõ � ϴ � � � � : � ؼҼ��� �.
(4) 19 � � � � � � � : � Ϲ � � � 8 � � � ���ڿĢ; �߰� ��ϴ � � Ͱ � ��� � � � �߰���;
��� � ϴ � � � : � � � � ��� � � � � � � ߴ�.
(5) � н � �ִ� ����� �� ��ݵǸ � � � � � � � � � ƴ ϴ � . �ֳ��ϸ� ���� �ƴ� � Ͱ � ��
��� �ġ � � � � : � � � � ��� � � � � ��� .
� � � ۹�: His plans succeeded one after another.
@p282
P.28 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) some (2) some, others
P.29 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) Some students learn English easily and others learn with difficulty.
(2) Some are good at English and others at mathematics.
� � � � � �ؼ
(1) � � � � � : �� а � � � f � � � � � � ��� � � � � � � � �ݵ:�͵�װô � � � : � ƴ϶ � �
� Ѵ � . � �ٸ
ڰ
� � � � : � � � �� ���� �ڰġ � � � � �ʴ � � � : ��� � � � � d Ȯ � � � � � � ��� �
(2) � � � ε � � � � � � � � � 0; � � : � � � ε � � � � � � ���� ���ӵ��� �ɷ�� ũ��
� � ��� �ִ�. � � � � : � � � � � ſ � õõ � � � � 8 � � � ���� �ٸ: �ʹ � � � � � �о �
ó=8 � � � � ���ư��߸� �ȴ�.
(3) � � � � � � : � � � � � ;�� �ڱ ��� � � � � � ߷� �� f �ϸ � � � 2 � � � �
�ƹ � � � � � a � � � � � � � ߽ݸ ����� �ٸ: � Ҹ � ġ � � � � û � ϰ � ' � � � � �߸ؾϴ µ �
�� ��� � � � � � f � л � ߽ � �� ��
� ���� �������� ��� ϴ� � � � ΰ �?
� � � ۹�: Some of them have passed, but the others haven't.
P.30 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) of (2) to (3) by
P.31 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) beside (2) for himself (3) in itself
� � � � � �ؼ
(1) � � � ĸ � � � ; � 8 � � � �͵ � � � � � � � � � � � ; � � � � � � � ϴ � �͵ � � � ſ �
� � ��� .
(2) � � � � � ׳ � ��������տ� ��; ����. �Ȳ�ġ�� ������ ��� ��� ��� �ɾ� �ִ�
���; �߰� ��ߴ�.
(3) ��� � ε � : / � � Ⱑ � � � � � λ � � � � � � � � ;����غ ��� � �ʾ Ҵ � . � �� �
� � � � ü � � � � � ϴ �� �ٴ: � � � ε � � � �ų � � � �Ǿ � Դ � .
(4) � 츮 �������� ; � ��غt � � � d � � �ʹ � � � � � � � � 츮�����뵿� ¿�
��� � � � x � � � � aa � � � � � � � � � �ִ�
@P283
P.32 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) myself (2) to himself (3) himself
P.33 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) They enjoyed themselves at the party.
(2) She fainted but after a few minutes came to.
(3) I lost myself in the woods.
� � � � � �ؼ
(1) � � � � "� � : � � ȸ � � v � � � � � � � � ž � ." � � � � � = � � 8 � � � � � � ߴ�.
(2) � � 3 � �ƹ � � � � ��� � � � � � � ϼ�� . " � � � � � � � �� �ƶ �. �� ��; ��
(3) �ƹ � � � � � Ļ � � � Žd � Ҽ � ; � д � � � � �̸� � ���ٿ.
(4) � � � � � � ȯ � ���� �ڸѴ� ��˾� ;=������ Ⱑ״� �ڱ8�� ���� ��ڱ
���ο � � � � � � � � � ��� � � � � � � ߴ� " � Ƴ � � � â � � 8 � � � � � � � ��ϴ � " � � �
(5) � � � � �� ��� � � � ȥ� ��� �ڼŻ; � Ȱ � � �־µ � � � � � � � � Ҵ � ȣ � � ���
� ߴ��߰� ;=�� �0��� ⸧�ڱ. � � � � "� � � ���p� � � � � �� � ž � . � �
� � ¼ � � ? " � � � ȥ� 㸻; � ߴ�.
� � � ۹�: Sally came to herself on her way to the hospital
P.34 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) of (2) to (3) from
@P284
P.35 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) yourself, to (2) yourself, of (3) myself
� � � � � �ؼ
(1) � � � � � � � � � � : � � f � б � � � � Ἦ � ϰ � � � � ��־.
(2) � � � � � � : � � � � � � � � � � � ���ڽڽź � � � � Ƹ � � � � ӿ � � ںν � ; � � s � �
(3) � ��� ���״� �ڽ ����ų � � �ִ� ��� ��ȸ�� ��
ڽ ��ߴ�.
(4) � 츮���ູ ������ ���� �� d � � � � �ʰ � � � � � ϰ � � � ; � Ƴ � � � �ʰ �
� ǹ � � � � � � Ѵ ູ���ٸ : ��� � � �´ � .
� � � ۹�: Please help yourself to more fruit.
P.36 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) something, of (2) nothing, but (3) did, nothing, but
P.37 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) Is he anything of a scholar?
(2) He is nothing but a criminal.
(3) Tom is nothing of a musician.
� � � � � �ؼ
(1) � � � � � ��� ���� ���� İ� ��� � � � � �״.�ߴ� ⸸ � � �� �״и �
��� � � � � η � � ϰ � � ��־.
(2) � � � � � : � � � � � � � � � � � ϼ�� . ' � � ; � � � � � � � � � � � � ƶ � . � �״
� ������� �ٺƴϾ� ' .
(3) � � ü � � �ܷ��������8 � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � =; � � � � ��8 � �
� � � ٿ��� ���ڰ �� �� ��� ڴ
�� �.
(4) � 8�� � �ۼ ���� ��� �ڵ: � �θ � � � � � � Ѵ � . � ������⸸ �ϸ� � �����
� �w �Ѵ �
� � � ۹�: He did nothing but watch TV all day.
@p285
P.38 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) as such (2) that of
P.39 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) Our customs are different from those of our ancestors.
(2) I want to visit the countries of Europe such as Germany and France.
� � � � � �ؼ
(1) 1956 � � � ��� 200 � � � Ͽ � � � � � 60 � � � � � � ��� � � � ��� � � �߰ߵǾ � µ �
��� � � � ٴϴ � � � = � � � � μ � � � � � � � � Ż � � 1.5�������� 質 �ǿ � � � .
(2) � � ��� �״ѹ� �2� �� ���� ��� ���� �η � �ӿ��� ���� �8 � �ȴ� �� ��; �����
��� � � � � ư � � 鼭 ���� �繰��õõ � � � ߴ����� �� � �� ��ٽ.
(3) � � � � ��ȸ � � âv � � � � � Ӹ � � ƴ϶ � � � Ÿ � � ȸ f � � � � ó � � � �װ: � � � �
��ȸ � � âv � � �� � ϴ � . � � � � � � / � � : � � � � � � ���Ȱ � � �ʿ � � � � �
� � � �̸� �ʿ � v � � ��� . � ��� ���� ���� ��ü � � � � ü � � ' � � ���ؼſ � �
� � � ۹�: Our clothes are just like those of their ancestors'.
f 3 � � � � � � , � λ 縦 �߽߽ � 8� � � ϴ � � � � �
P.40 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) by, the
P.41 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) his � � the � � � � ħ (2) the sickness -> the sick
@p286
(3) by a yard -> by the yard
� � � � � �ؼ
(1) � � � � � ε � : � � � � � � Ư / � � / �Ӱ � � � � � �ִµ � � �ٸ: ����� �װ:
��� � � � � � ���ϰ� ��� � � � � � � � . �Դ � � ÷ � � � � �ʿ 䵵 ������ Ÿ � �ٸ
��w � � / � Ӻ � � � � � � � ϴ � .
(2) � : ��� : � ⼺����� ; ��� � �ϰ � � � � � Ѵ � . � : ��� : � ڽڽŵ � � � � ⼺�������
v�� �� ��� 3 ���� �����
ߴ ������ �� � ���� ��� ���ݵα � � � � � � � � � � � � ȭ � ǰ � �ִ�. �
�ٽ:���:� ��� ñ � � ⼺����߽����å � � ; � ν � � ϱ � � � � � � ϰ � �ִ�.
� � � ۹�: He hit me on the back.
P.42 GRAMMAR CHECK A
sure to (certain to)come.
P.43 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) almost (2) certain, will (3) sure, of
� � � � � �ؼ
(1) ��� � � � � d ; ų � �� � � � � � � ��ź �ϰ � �� �ܰ�� ɿ� ��; ��; �� � ���:
� � : � ų � � ����ٸ .
(2) � � � ; � � � � � � ��� � � � ˾ƿ � � ~ � � � � � ; � � ��� � � � Ŀ � � � �ٽ湮
�������ʹ��� ~~ ���: �� ��߽� ������� � � � � � � � � � = ; �߰�� ϰԵȴ � .
(3) " � � � � � ��� � ��� � � � � � � � � � �״λ � � � � � � � � � � � ��� .
�ֳ��ϸ� ����� �λ��� �� �� �ִ� ��� ���� � � � ������� ." � � � � ��� � ȭf � �
��� � � � ��� � � �� ��� � ��f� � � � Ʋ� � � � � � � ο � Ǵ � x � � � ���ڻ
/� � � � � � : � � � � � � � � � � 湮���߽����� ������ �ŷ � ; �ְ� ��=; � и �
� � � ۹�: The task is as good as done.
@P287
f 4 � � � � � 縦 �߽߽ � 8� � � ϴ � � � � �
P.44 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) made, of (2) has, do, with
P.45 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) was, made, of (2) are, made, into (3) don't, anything
� � � � � �ؼ
(1) � � � � � 츮 � �
��fǰ� � � � � ö � ƽ fǰ; � � � � � � ��� � �ִ� �� ����.
(2) � � � � 1980 � � 1 � � � � � � 3 � � � � �ƹ � � � � ��� � � � � � � � � ϼ��
" � � � , �ʴ � � � λ � ; � � � � d ��� ? " � � � � � ǻ 簡 �ǰ� �ȴ �� ���ߴ�.
(3) � � 100 � Ⱓ � 츮 ��� � ε � : � � � � � θ � � � �� � � � �ȶ � � � � � � � �
��� � � � � � � � � . ��� � � � � � � � 츮���翬��������� : � �: � � � � � � ��Ÿ
��� � � � � ��� � � � � � � ; � � ��� . � 츮��dz � � � � õ � � � �ڿ: � 츮�������� �
�Ȱ ���ǽü��� ���߰� Ŀ� �� �ٶ谡 ���־.
� � � ۹�: I had little to do with it.
P.46 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) came (2) failed
P.47 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) must not (2) ease (3) keep
� � � � � �ؼ
(1) ��� � � � � � � � � � � � 翡���ұ��ϰ� ���� �״ɵ� ȭ�� ���� �˾Ҵ�.
(2) � � � � � ϰ � � � � Ưd � � � � ȿ � � � : � Ŀ � � � � � ��� � ��� � � � � �ӿ�
�ִ� �繰��'ġ � � � ˰ � � Ǿ � � � � � � � � � � �̸� ��� � �ε �ĥ � � �ɼ � � �
�ִ° � � � � ˰ � � Ǿ � ߴ��߰� ;��� ��ٴ.
(3) � � � � � � � � � � � � ��� � 繰���� �ذǰų � � � = � � � � ó � � � �ش. � ǽ � � �
�� ��� � � 츮 �� δ� � � � � ��� � �����
� � � �� ° � � � � = � � � � � � � �
��� � � � � � ���ϴ � ��� � �ִ�. ����� �ϳ� �Ǵ� �� �ǹ� �� �� �ִ� �ɷ � :
��� � � � � � � 迡 �� � ������ ����; � � ĥ � � � � ; � � ?
@P288
� � � ۹�: Never fail to get up early tomorrow.
P.48 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) felt the ground shaking.
(2) saw them enter the room
P.49 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) waiting (2) playing (3) crying
� � � � � �ؼ
(1) � � �� � ڱ� �״Ӹ� ' ���� �ò �� �Ҹ ��� ���8 �� ��: ����� �տ� �ɴ �
� � ; �2 � � � .
(2) � � ٻ�ʹ� ��� ���� �ٲ鼭 ��������������� �̸� � �͵� �ظ� �<� ������ �ٴ
�� �δ�.
(3) � � � : � � f � � � � � ⸦ � پ � �Դ�. � ;�� ������ �� 8���� ���͵��������ٻ � ٶ
8���� � � � � � ; ��� � � � ��� � �� �; �� �Ұ � �� �� � �� ��8� �
�� �ư � � � �ִ� �����; � � � Ѻ � � Ҵ � .
(4) � � � � � � Ⱥ � ��� ���װа � ª � � � � � � � � � � �ִ� �8���� �������� ��� � �ٸ
�� ��� � �ִ� ���� ���δ � . � ��� ���� ���� �� �� � ٸ � �װ��� x� 縦 ��
�� ���� ����� .
� � � ۹�: I found him staying at this hotel.
P.50 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) have kept you waiting
(2) left the door unlocked
@p289
P.51 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) boiled (2) running (3) herself
� � � � � �ؼ
(1) �ʴ � � ι � � � �ٽ츮���� �� �ް������ ���� � ʰ� � ־ � ���ȴ� �.
(2) � ı � � � � � � � � Ȱ ; � ϱ � ' � � �ʿ � � � � � � � ��� � � � ; � ߴ�.
(3) � � ��� �����ϴ � � � � � : � ϰ � � � � � � � � 쿡쿡쿡 �� � ǻ � � � 뿡 �ַΰ � �ִ�.
~~
(4) � � Ӵ ϴ � � � � � � ���� �� ; �ݷ � ��� �ּ��� �� ��ǰ� � � � � �
� � õ Ǵ � � � ; � � � � � ð � � � ; � � 8 ��� .
(5) � ��� �״ ����� � � � � � ��� � � � � � � ��̸ �ڱӰ � �ǰ � � � � �ް����
��� ����� ��� �ۿҼ���; ���濡�� ���� ��������� � ߴ� ���� �װ
��� � � � � � �ʾ Ҵ � � � � � � � � ȱ � � � ���� �״Ҽ�; ���� ����; ���� �.
� � � ۹�: He found himself sitting in the darkness.
P.52 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) do (2) to jump
P.53 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) can make me change my mind.
(2) let me know when you return.
(3) was made to help them.
� � � � � �ؼ
(1) � � � � � � � � �� �ǵ � � ��� � � 츮�� �ϰ � � Ǵ � �ͺ � � � � � � � � � ö � �ڴ
�ξ � � � � � Ģ � � ��� .
(2) � � � � � ���ɷ �; ��� � �ϰ � � � � � ų � � �ִ� �� ��: � � ȸ � � ; � �׳
����� ���� ����. � Ź � ����� ΰ� � � ȭ � � � � � � �� ��� � ��� � ��� �
�� �:� � � � � � � � � ϴ � � � ǥ � � � ξ � � � �ߴ����� � ȴ�.
(3) ģ � � � � � � � � � � ��� � ��� ��� � ���д� ��� � � ��غҴ��
�����߱� ������ �� : � � � � � � � � � ;�� �ٴȮ � � � ˰ � � Ǿ � � . � �װ:
��� � ��� � � � � η � � � � � � � ��� � �ƹ � �͵ � � � � � � � �߱� ���� � � � .
� � � ۹�: I got her to cook fish.
P.54 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) blown (2) washed
P.55 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) I have just had my hair cut.
(2) They had their house burned down
(3) I'd like to get the plan changed.
� � � � � �ؼ
(1) � � �Ƴ��� �������� �� ���� ���� ģô��� ��´�.
(2) ��� x � � ��� � � � �̸� � � � Ű � � � � � � � � � ģ� � � � � � � 츮�� �湮�ߴµ �
� � ��� Ⱑ״� �ڱ� ȣ � � � � � � ; � � � ɼ � � � �ִ�� �Ͼ � � .
(3) 20 � � � � � � 30 � � � � � � � � � Ⱓ : � � � � н1 Ⱓ � � � � � � � � � � � ñ � ��� .
��� � ��� � � � � � Ⱓ � � ��� � � � Ͽ � �ʿ � � � �ʼ � � й � ; � ϼ � � �� ���س
�� �װ8�; � � � � �ϼ � � � � � ��� � � � �ɼ � � � �ſ� � � � .
� � � ۹�: I will have the job done by tomorrow.
f 5 � � v � � � 縦 �߽߽ � 8� � � ϴ � � � � �
P.56 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) will (2) will
P.57 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) I will give (2) I will have (3) May
@P291
� � � � � �ؼ
(1) � 濡 �� �ִ� �� � ����: � � � � ��� � � � � ; � Ұ � �ȴ � .
(2) ��� : x � � f � � ; ' � � � 츮�� �߽��� . � � � κΰ � �ູ� ϰ � � � � � � ;
(3) � � � б � � � � ٴѴ �� �ٴ: � ſ � � � � � � � x � � � � � ��� � �װ: � л � � � � � � �
��� � � � �Ͱ � � � � � � � ���ٸy � � � � � � � Ŀ � � ε � ĥ � � � � � � ���ٸ.
� � � ۹�: He won't agree to what I say. � Ǵ � He won't agree with me.
P.58 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) used to (2) would
P.59 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) would
(2) used to be
(3) would not
� � � � � �ؼ
(1) � � � � � � � � � ε � � � � � � � � � �ִ� ���Ϲ � � � ҿ � � � � � � � � � � ;
ã8 � � � ϰ � � �.��� ���� ���־ε � ȭ� � �ϳ � � � � � � � � � � � �ʾҰ � � � � :
� � � � � �ڼǥ � � � � 8 � � � � � � �ʾҴ � .
(2) � Ƹ � Ű � ����� �Ұ � � � � � ��� � �ִ�� ���� ����� ���� �ƴϾ�� .��״
��f � � ; � ��ذϴ � � � ū � � � ; � 2 � 8 � � ¿¿ � Ű � � ϴ � � � f � � � � ; � � � � ��
� �f � � � � � � � � ;�شã; � � � � � � ��� ��� � �ϰ � � ߴ�.
P.60 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) like, to (2) have only to
P.61 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) necessary to (2) All, to, do, is (3) like, her, to
� � � � � �ؼ
(1) � � � � � � � � � Ѵ �� ���� �ٸſ � � � � 츮�� ��~; � � � � � ϰ � � ͽ4 ϴ � .
(2) ��� � � 8 � � ö � � �ڸἭ�� �� �ȴ�. ö���� ���� �ڸ: � � ö � � � � � � � � �
�ڸdȮ�ϰ� ��� �Ѵ�. ö�� ����� ���� �ڸε � ġ � � � � f � � � � � ڷμ � � ε � ġ � �
� �f � � � � �ξ � � � � � � � � ϴ � .
(3) � � � � ��� ��� � � � �ִ� �� �ٲ糪�Ͱ� �ִ� ���� �ٸ糪� � � � � ϴ � � � � ;
ã �ƾ � � � � Ӹ � � ƴ ϶ � � � � � � � � � ; � � ϴ � � � � � ; � � ȯ � � � � �ִ� ���;
ã �ƾ � � Ѵ � . � ��� �츮�� ��ȯ2 � � � � � ��� �ؼǸ � � � �ؾѴ�.
� � � ۹�: You have only to study English hard.
(1) had better not say.
(2) would rather not see.
(3) had rather go to the
P.63 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) had better. (2) would rather
� � � � � �ؼ
(1) � � � � � ż � � ϰ � � � � � d ��� � � ��� � � � � p � � ϴ � � � � t ��� :�� �ٴ
8� � � �ʾ Ҵ � . � � � � ��� � � � � � � Ӵ� ��8�� �� �䷮�� �.
(2) � ΰ � � � � � � � � � � Ѱ 迡 ���� ���� �� �˱� � � � � � � ��� �
� � ǻ � Ͱ � � � � � о � � � � � d � � � ǻ 縦 �� ü �ϰ � � � � � ��� � � � ; � �ʹ� ��ٶ.
(3) � � � � ��� � � � �ӷ � � � � � � � ��� � �; ��� � ��� � ũ� � � � :
��� � ��� �f � � � � � � ;�͵װð � � � � � £ � � � ߶�� . � � � � ��; � � � � ��:
��� � ��� � � � d � � ; � � � � �ٴϺ��� �� �ϰ� ��: ��: �ϵ� ���� �ϳ��� �.
� � � ۹�: You had better get acquainted with each other.
P.64 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) every, reason (2) would, as, soon
@P293
P.65 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) may as well (2) may well (3) may as well
� � � � � �ؼ
(1) � ĸ � � � � � � � � �ִ� ��ҵ��� �ʹ � ���� ������ �ð ��� ��w �ϴ ��
�����ϴ � �͵ � � 翬�ϴ � .
(2) � � � 5θ � � � : � � 100 � � � Ǿ � 8 � ϱ � ö � � � ϰ � � � � � ; � � � � � � p �ڴ.
(3) � � � � � � � � � �ǰ � ; � � � � � � � � � � � . � � � ʸ � � � � � � � 8 � � � �;
�~ � � � � � �ʴ´ �� �ϴ ° �
��� ��� �.
(4) � � f � � � � � ��� �ϴ � �� ��; �� � � ��� � � �Ѱ� � � �ִ�. � � � �װ:
��� � ��� � �ϵ � � � � � ſ � � � ��� � � t �� �ٴ: {ó � � � � ����� �ٴ.
� � � ο � : � η � � Ŀ � � ���� ູ� �ٶϳ� � � � � � � ��� .
� � � ۹�: You may as well go home at once.
P.66 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) as, well (2) rather, than (3) as, soon
P.67 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) would sooner swim than run.
(2) might as well die as surrender.
(3) would rather not go than go today.
� � � � � �ؼ
(1) � ִ����
4 ;�� ��� � � � � � � ; � � � � � � � � n � � � � � � � � �ڴ.
(2) � � �����Ϸ� ��4� ��� �t 뵿츮긮
����� ϴ � � � � � � �ڴ.
(3) � � � � �ƴ � � � � � �ູ�� ���� : � � � � ;�� �ڱó � � , � ���� ���� �ٽ
������ �ƴ϶� � ��� � ���
� � � �� �� � � � �� �ؾ
ſ; ' Ǵ� ��8��
: �ƴ� ����
�ڱ:���� ����� �� .�������� �Ͽ��� ������ �ʿ 䰡 ��� . � �ڱ: � � ����Ϸ�
� � � � � Ѵ � . � � � � �: � � ; � � � ϱ � � � � � ;�� �ٴϰ � � ; � � Ѵ � .
(4) � η � � � � � � � � ϰ � � � ; � � � � � � ϰ � � � � � � / � Ӱ � � � � � � ϴ � ��;
� � 8 � � � ϴ 4 � � � � � � ; ö�ο � � � n �Ŵ � � � � � � � � � � � � � ; � �8 � � �ϴ �
� � � � ; � � ��� .
� � � ۹�: I might as well go alone as go with him.
P.68 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) may have taken (2) cannot have told (3) must have heard
P.69 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) must be
(2) may have borrowed
� � � � � �ؼ
(1) � � � � � � l � � � ſ � �ʰ � � � � � � ư � � � . � � d � � � � � � �ð� � �
� �= � � Ʋ� � � � � � .
(2) � � � � ô � � � : � � � � θ � ŭ � � � � � � � � ;�־ � .� � � � � ��� � �:
��� �ô � � � v� � � � � õ� � � � � ��� � � �ͺ � � � � � � � : � � � � � � ��� �;
1 � ��� � ϴ � � � � � � � .
(3) � Ұ � � � �ʳ � � � � � ;�ص� ���ڷη � � � = � � � � � � � �ְ� �ߴ� ������:
' � � � � � � � к а � 8 � � � ������� � ߽ݸ ���� ʰ� � Ǿ � � � �ڿȯ� 濡 ��x � � � � � �
� η � � � � � � ��� �ظԴ� ����: /���� �а�� ����s;�� �� � . �
� � � ۹�: He must have lost his way.
P.70 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) should have seen
(2) need, have told
(3) ought to have been
@P295
P.71 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) I should not have sold my house.
(2) I ought to have been more careful.
(3) You need not have brought your camera
� � � � � �ؼ
(1) � �ٴٴȣ��ó �� �����ϴ �. �츮�� ��ֹ�� ���� ��d�� �ʿ 䰡 ��� µ � � ߴ�.
(2) � � � � �տ � �� � � � � � � � � 鼭���� f� � ù � � ° � � ü � � ; � � ġ � �
��� � � � ��� � � � � ƾ � � � ߴ� ;��� �ٴȴ �
(3) �ʴ � � � � � � � �� Ӵ��� � ;���� ������ ����� .�ߴ� ��¾��� � � .
(4) v � � � � � Ƽ � � � ��� .��������� ���� ��; } �־ ��� ��� ������ ����;�� � ������ ٵ ���ٸ
v� � � � � Ƽ � � � � � � � ��� � � � � � �ְ� ���� �ƴϰ� � �����̸ � �� � ���־
� � � � ;��� �� ߴٴ
� � � ۹�: You should not have come here.
P.72 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) have you been doing
(2) had expected
P.73 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) had been (2) had been waiting
� � � � � �ؼ
(1) � � � � � � � θ � � � � � � �� �ʹݿ40 �������� �״ � �� .ߴ����� � ���� ��ؾ: � � � � � � �ִ�
������ ��; �ɾ � Ծ � � .
(2) � � � � 2� ħ� � â� � � � � � ��� � ��� � � � ħ 6�ÿ � � � � � � � f2 � � �
ڸ�~ ����; �ؿԾ�� �Ȱ��� ��� ��Ŀ ���дϾ� �� ��; �� �� � ��־.
(3) � ��� ����: �ַ� ���丮�ƽô��� ���� ���� ��ɿ��� ���ߵǾ � 8 � � � � � � � :
��� � � � ��� � ��� �8� � / � Ե Ǿ � Դ � � � : � ùε � � � ~~ � � � ġ � � � � Ȱ ȯ �
濡 � � � ;�ڱ: � � � � � .
� � � ۹�: I have been learning English for ten years.
P.74 � � � д ɷ ½ � � � ��� � ��� � � �
(1) � � ũ � � : � � � 籹���㰡������������� w; � � � � � ϴ � v� � 8 � � � � ä � � � � �
� 帳�ϴ � .
(2) � � ſ � � Դ � � ���ڷo � � � � � � � � � � �ӴϿ � � � ��� � � � � ; � � � ⸸ �ϸ �
� � � fǰ; � � �� �ϴ � � � � � � � ��� ��� � � � � � �ֳ���?
(3) � ڶ㿡 �����������Ƹ���� �ٿħ; Ȱ � � � ϰ � �ִ�. � ��� ���� ���� ���
��; � � � ϴ ø � ŭ Ǫ � � � ϴ � ; � � � � � � � �ߴ� ��� Ѵ� '�� �Ĵ � ���ٺϴ ÿ � � �
� ���ذȺ �������� Ƣ�� ���n ��=; �� �� �ִ�.
(4) � � � � � � � ���� �ٴ�dz � � �� � �װ:������� � ���� � ; � � � ~ � ;�ٸ � . � �ֳ��ϸ�
� � : � � � �Ŵ � � � �ĵ � � � � � � � � ���� � �n � � �Ҵ� ��� � � � ;
� �ſ � � � ��� � � � ��� �������
f 6 � � � � d � 縦 �߽߽ � 8� � � ϴ � � � � �
P.78 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) too dangerous for kids to play in
(2) only too glad to hear
P.79 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) Tim was so tired that he couldn't study any longer.
(2) The fur coat 7as too expensive for her to buy.
(3) The math questions are so difficult that we can't solve them.
@P297
� � � � � �ؼ
(1) = � � ; � Ĵ ��ٺ����� �׳b � ø � ġ � � � . � � �ʹ� ��׳ɶ � � � � ;�� �ؼ
��� �.
(2) � 0 � � � � 罽: � � � � �ʹ � � ۾Ƽ� � � � � � ʹ� � � �͵װϿ � � � � � � � � � � � � �
�2 � � � � � �� �Ѵ�.
(3) � � � � � � Ȳ � ��� �߽��� �ؼ ; ��� � ���ϴ � ��� � ��f �� � � ~~
��� � � ȥ� � � � � ���; ��� ��� � � � ��; ��8�p� �� � � � � �ʾ � 8 � �
��� � � � ��� � � � � � �ɼ � � � � � � �Ͱ � � � � � � � � ��� � ��� � � �
��� � � � � � �ɼ �: � � � � � � δ � .
(4) � � � � � � � : � � � � : �ʹ � � � � � � � � � �ؼ����� ����� ���dz �
�� �� �� �λ�Ȱ � � � � ǵ ߽ � ����� ��� ���� �:���� ������� ��ü�
��;
'�� �� �������� �ٸ : �����ϰԵ� �������� ���� � ����
��ȸ���� �� ����� ; �����ٸ.
P.80 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) what to (2) whether to
P.81 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) I should contact (2) she should go to (3) should go
����� �ؼ
(1) ��ȥ �� �: �κδ� ��� ��� ��f ��d; � �������� �ٹ /��
��d�Ѵ�.
(2) ��0; � Ҵ �� �ٴ: ���� � 츮�� �ǵ��� ��Ǽ��迡�� ������ ����� �
���, �� � �� �ִ� ��� ���ڽڽ��� ��� �ڽڽȸ�� ���; �?��ϴ� ���; �����ϴ� ��;
�ǹ��Ѵ�.
(3) ������ ���Ӿ��� �����ε�; �������� �����. x��� ��ڻ
���"������ �� ���� ������ �ù ��ȭ�� ������ �." ��� ��� �װ. �ߴ�: � 츮��
� ������ ��= ������ � ~���� ������ ������ �� ��;�� �
��� �� �������
� �
��� ۹�: The problem is how to do it.
@p298
P.82 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) easy enough for him
(2) enough to
P.83 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) the kindness to
(2) enough to
(3) so, as to
(4) kindly
(6) of him
����� �ؼ
(1) � ���� ���� ���� ���� �״ϰԵ� ����; �� �Ѵ�.
(2) ���� �α��� ���� �ӵ��� ��� ���Ѵ � �ٸ ����� ��; �����ϱ
���� �ִ� ��ڿ: ���ġ ���ϰ� �� ���� �.
(3) ����� � ���; ������ �� d���� Ŀ���� �ȵǰŴϿ� ���; � �����ڱ
��; d���� ���� � � �ȴ�.
(4) ����� ���� ����; �Ϲ�ȭ� ��� �ؼϱ����ƴ�. �ʹ� �������
�Ұ����ϴ�. � ���� ����� �:��� ;�װü�μ� ������ �� ��� ������ �.
��� ۹�: They played so hard ass to get tired.
P.84 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) likely (2) eager
P.85 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) to, arrive (2) with (3) to, hear
������ؼ
(1) � ���� :���� ��� ;�� ���������
���� �ڽ ����� ��� ��a���� ���� ��� ���� ��
����.
(2) ����ڵ: �ǰ ����� ��/�� ��� ��ɼ ��� �� ũ��. ��ݸ� ���ڵ: ��; ���p� ��� ��ɼ ���
�� ũ��.
�(3) �����: � ���ɱ �ó=8�� ��=��� �� b���� �. ���w � ��� ���� ��: ���� ��=��
������� d���� ��b�� ����; ��ġ�� �� ù ������ �� �� ����.
(4) ������ ��ġ�� âv�Ѵ�� �ٴ: ��f ��f���� �Ϲ� ��Ģ���. ���϶� �縷���Ѻ��ǿ� �ִ� ���:
������ �� =��a������� ��¥�� ����� �� �� ��; �Ա� '�� ��� �ű�; �� p� ���� �. �
@P299
P.87 GRAMMAR CHECK
(1) He is said to have been rich.
(2) It seemed that she had been hurt.
(3) She is said to have refused his proposal.
������ؼ
(1) �츮�� ���� �� ���� ����� �� �� �� �� ����.
(2) ȣ��������;��� ;��� �ڸȹ���� �� �ִ� � ���� ���յ Ǿ�߸� �Ѵ� .
(3) �� �Ҽ�: �� �: �ֺΰ� ��ߴ� �Ѵ� .
(4) �츮�� �ް���� �� ��; �����⸦ ����ٶ
(5) � ������ ��� ׳�� �ڱưưġ ���ϴ7� ;�� �� ����� ٴҴ�� ˾ �8�� ������ � ��׳v��ݵ
�Ű� ���� �ʾ Ҵ�.
(6) ��ΰ� ����8�μ� x��ƾ� ���� �� ������ ��ģ Ī��; �Ƽ��� �� �ȴ �. ���� �ҳ��� ��:
ź���� x��; ��8���� �״ٴ: ������ ����� �.
���۹�: I was about to leave when he came in.
P.88 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) tell the truth (2) Strange to (3) to say nothing of
P.89 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) so, to (2)To, brief (3) To
������ؼ
(1) Ȯ���� �츮�� ��� �������� ���ڵ��� ����; �ڶϴµ� �� ��/�� �� ����
�ΰ�: � � � � � �� �־ �
�� ����� � ��.
(2 )� ���״� �ڽڽƼ��; ã�� '�� �ָӴϸ� ���� �� ��s�� ã; �� ����. ���� �͵ � ���� ��״
����� ��d�� �Ǿ��. "���� Ÿ�� �� �� �и��� ǥ�� ��µ�"��� �ߴ��� �� ״.
(3) � � ��
� �� ���ʹ� �� װ ��� �״ġǰ : ����ϰ� ����ǰ v�� �� ��/�� ���.
(4) �ǹ��� ����� ���: ��� � � ���װΰ��� ���� ������ �������� ��Ģ�� �� ���� �����ϴ�
������ ��8�� ��� �ΰ��� ���� Ȥ: ��� �ִ� �� ��� ͵ڿ��� ������ ��� �װ繵 �
���.
@p300
���۹�: To make matters worse, his wife fell ill.
P.90 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) invited (2) used
P.91 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) leading (2) who, is, leaning (3) experienced
������ؼ
(1) � ���õ߽� ����� ���ü���� �� ���; � ó ��� ��Ұ� ���ǰ � �ִ�.
(2) ����� ���� Ȯ���� '�� �ı��ǰ � �ִ� �︲: � ַ � ��� 뼺 � ����������߽ 'ġ�� �ִµ� ��
�����߽� ����︲�� ������ �ӵ��� ������ �ִ�.
(3) ������ ���� �� �ϳ ��� ����Ʈ���� ����Ǿ��. ����Ʈ�ε��� ���� ������ϰ� ���ǰ ����
����Ʈ�ε�����Ȱ����� ���κ����˷�����ִ�.
(4)��/��������� ô ȣ�������� �߰ߵǴ� � � � /� � : � � � � ô� � ε� ��� � � � Ծ� =; � � � ��.�ش
������ ��� ����� �ٵ/�� ߽� ������� v���Ǿ��ִ�.
���۹�: Korea-made cars are being exported to a lot of countries.
@p301
P.92 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) Seeing me (2) Taking, bus
P.93 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) Being sick, 1 stayed at home.
(2) As she didn't know what to do, she asked for advice.
(3) As the window was open, the room was cool.
����� �ؼ
(1) ��ȭ��������Ҹ������;��������������ȭ��������������� ����˾Ҵ�.
(2) ������:� ܵ � �� ;���������������d; �.�
(3) ȭ�������Ʋ� ���������������ø������������.���Ͽ� � � � ���� 30� � Ʈ� � ȭ� � � � � �並 �
��� 1700��������; ���.
(4) �Ӿ�����������Ǿ���Ѵ�. �������� ó : �����.ģ�������ȭ���������.���� v��ݸ
���� . ����������ſ����� ������
� ξ��� �ϰ�tM���Ӿ ��f�������ϸ���� ;�ڵ¥���
�����ʴ���Ȯ���϶�.
��� ۹�: Being poor, he couldn't go to college.
P.94 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) Born (2) Having failed
P.95 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) Born (2) Having done (3) having been printed
����� �ؼ
(1) ������d��; �Ծ��������� � �״ſ� /����������.
(2) ��ð�����η������ǰ������ҳ�: ��: ��; ���.
(3) ��� ���ڽڽü����ָ� ���غϱ�� ��d�� �����: �Ǹ��� ���, ����� ���� �����
�Ǿ��
(4) �7�������������ұ���������������˾ƺ������ߴ�.
@P302
(5) ��; �������Ҿ��ȱ��������츮�� �ſ� �ʰ� ����� ߴ�. ������d���Ѿ �ߴ� ���Ѵ�.
(6) �Ÿ�������������������Ŀ��Ϲ�: �����ִ� ��8�����ư������ 8 ����ƿ���
�ִ�.
��� ۹�: Written in plain English, this book is easy to read.
P.96 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) It, being (2) Supper, being
P.97 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) having set (2) It being a fine day
����� �ؼ
(1) ��������: ��;���� ���������츮�� ��ð� ��å; �ϱ���ߴ�.
(2) ��������Ҵɻ��·��ջ�Ǿ���������츮�� �� ��~� �ߴ�.
(3) ������ɱ 濡�� ���ƿ8 鼭 �� ; ����Ȱ���־ 8 �����������տ���� ��.
(4) ��� ���ٸ:� �ڵv������� � ���� � TV������������������о�����:�����������
�ٴa; Ȯ���Ѵ�.
(5) �λ�: ª���λ���v�����ð�: ��8�Ƿ��츮�� ����ġ�� å��; �д6� �ð�; ����� ���ؼ
�� �ȴ�.
��� ۹�: It getting dark, we started for home.
P.98 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) If, carefully, done
(2) working, hard
P.99 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) While, waiting, for, them
(2) If, staying, until
(3) Unless, spoken
@p303
����� �ؼ
(1) �Ŀ����������� �������λ����������'�� ������ �־d�ž��������ƴ϶�
�����Ϸp�����ϴ�������� ���� ���ֹ�� ���װ� �غd�ž� �Ѵ˾� ;�� �ٴҴ�.
(2) �ż����ʴ������κ���å�������ʴ´� ;��� �ٴν�����{ �������.
(3) �������: �ô��Ŀ��� ��� �ٶó�ϸ鼭��ū ���ɼ�; ����� � ���־츮 �ô���츮 �ô���
��f�����ɼ�����������õ, �����б�������������������� �´ٴa����/�ʾ�;�� �.�
��� ۹�: Seen from a distance, it will look like a man.
P.100 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) Strictly speaking (2) Considering
P.101 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) Speaking of (2) According to (3) Generally speaking
����� �ؼ
(1) �����������Ǵ��t�� �״ȣ�������� �.�
(2) ȭ��� �ڵ: ��������'�������Ϲ�ݹĢ; ã�´�.
(3) �������� � �͵�ؼ� �� �� �ٻϳ� �ϳ��������� ����� ٻ��� ���ٸ
(4) �������Ǵ�������� 8 ������ſ� ����� f�����. � ����ٵ:�� ������ �װΰ���
�������ϴ��� =�� �ٴ.
(5) �Ϲ���8�������ΰ���:� ��� ڽ��� ����� ���ٸų�, ���� ���ϰų� ������
�ൿ�ϴ� ��; �η��Ѵ�.
(6) � � � ��ġ�����ϸ�59%��������ε�����Ģ��8����ϴ �µ �� � 2�����12% ���������
25���� � �� �ٴǹ �����ġ���.
@P304
��� ۹�: Frankly speaking, you must be punished.
P.102 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) with his eyes closed (2) with her legs crossed
P.103 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) closed (2) shining (3) blowing
����� �ؼ
(1) ��ó������;��f��������� ������ �ΰ�: ��ħ����v�Ӱ�, �ǰ������8��
�������� ��; �ϴ�����Ż���ߴ�
(2) ���:�ð����帣�鼭 Ŀ������������ � ���ڵɾ��: ���ѿ��� ���� ��ο� �߰��� ����
�ɴ�.
(3) ��: ����ε�: ��; �ź��ϰ����Ѵ�.�л��: ���8�����: ä ����Ѵ�.�ֺε�: �� �濡�� �
��ϰ� ��;����Ҹ������� " ��"; ����TV���ѳ�´�.
(4) �� ���� �ٶʰ� ���� ��� ū �������� ��ġ ������ ���ó�� �츮 ��'����ְ� �ھ
���� ����� ��ٱѼҸ� �ܿ���� � ƹ� �Ҹ��� ���� �ʴ� ���� �츮�� ��� �ʹ� ��ſ�
�����Ⱑ�Ⱦ��.
��� ۹�: With one eye bandaged, he couldn't read properly.
P.104 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) waiting (2) scattered
P.105 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) There, is, knocking
(2) There, were, talking
(2) There, was, blowing
����� �ؼ
(1) d����� 峪���� ���ڶ�� �־.
(2) �濡�� ������ �ϳ��� �������� �ʴ�.
(3) �4ó� ������40�����ε��������n�ִ�.
(4) ����������3000� �߱����� ����� � � ǰ� ���� �� �� .��־
� ����ε���θ��ε�: �������� κ �������ϸ�����ü��;��ġ����Ҵµ�������ɵ� : ��;
����Ż �����־.
(5) dz���� aa ��� � ��� �� �� �� � Ѱ��� '��a�� �ִ�. ��8����� ������
�8��������� ���� �ִ����� �ؿѸ����� ������ �ڶ.
@p305
��� ۹�: There were a few people playing badminton.
(1) surrounded (2) pleased
P.106 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) their leisure time playing cards
(2) came running to the door.
(3) the students to remain seated
P.107 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) ��: �������ó�ϰ���Ÿ��ǵ��ƺ�������: �ð�; �������ʰ� ��ſ����� ��� �־
��� ;�� ��ٴϱ���� ����� ���� ���ִ� ���� ���� ���ٴ� � � ��.
(2) ��͵߽ � �����d�ϴ6��ʹ� ��: �ð�; �������� ����.����������: ������ü��
���������������ϴ������� ���� ���� ��� ܾ ���� � ��� �� �� ���
��� ����� ��; �����.
(3) ��3���ħ ����ϴ���Ҹ���������������."�����!". ����ħ����8��������.��
���������8���� ���پԴ� .
(4) ����:������ϱ⸦ ���.�ʹ� ���� ;�� ���� .����� ���� :�� �ٴ
������ ͺ��� �� ���� �� ��= ��: �� �����ִ� ��� ������ �͵�; ǥ���ϰ��ʹ�.
������װ
@p306
f 8������ 縦 �߽߽� 8���ϴ�����
P.108 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) is proud of his father being a lawyer.
(2) like Ted speaking ill of others.
P.109 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) of, his, father's, being
(2) of, his, coming
(3) on, Tom's attending
������ؼ
(1) ������ ;�װ� �װϴ������������/�����.
(2) �¾������,�������������� �ð��������� ��ҿ� ã�ƿ4� Ⱦ��� ���� �ִ�. ��
(3) ��������ģ ���ǰ�; '���� 踦 ������ : ����������6������������ ��Ե Ǿ� µ�
�ſ��ǿ�������/��������� . ��÷��� ���p� �ϴ��������� � ;�� �ٴմԵ߽� �
�����ϱ� '������ؼ.
(4) ����:�� ߽� ����� ��: ��: �����������ִ� ��/�� � ָ � �: ������������ǰ�
��f ��ְ� �ƴ϶��ù ��ǥ�������.� �ڱ:�� � �� ���� ���������; �����ִ�
���� �����; ����Ѵ�.
���۹�: They insisted on living in the country.
P.110 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) of, having, been
(2) not, having, started
P.111 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) Tim boasted of having won the first prize.
(2) There was no evidence that he had stolen the jewels.
(3) In case he doesn't show up, give me a call.
@P307
������ؼ
(1) ���������s; ���ҳ��: �� ��
ڴ ��� � �� ;�� � ־�� � � n�����;�����Ѵ�.
(2) ���б����ҿ��4� �ٴҽ�: �� ���� �� ��s ��.
(3) ����Ҵ������������������� �ʾ�; ���ɼ���������ִ�.
(4) �ʴ� ����� ��������������� { �װѵ��������ڽڽſ��� �� ȭ���������������
���.
(5) �����������θ�Բ��������� ���ϰ��Ǵ�����;�ϰ������ʾƼ� �θ������θ�Բ���ٽ
���� ���.
(6) �츮 ��δ� �츮�� ��; ����ϴ���������; ã; �����ų�������� صǰ ų� ��; ��Ȯ��
������� ����a; �߰��� ������ �ִ�.
���۹�: We were ashamed of haying said so.
P.112 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) to take (2) seeing
P.113 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) Tom admitted having told a lie to me.
(2) I decided not to stay with them.
(2) She denied having stolen the money
������ؼ
(1) �츮�� ��Ź���ɾ��1������Ļ縦 �ϸ 鼭 �� ���׳ҽ�; ��ȯ�ϴ� ��;
����ϱ�����ߴ�.
(2) ��=����������� ִ � ���: �ؼҼ��� �. �ֳ��ϸ� ��װ: �ð�������������������� �.
(3) �����;�͵� ����� �� ������ � ״ϴ� ������� 뿡����� �������� �� �ٴ
���ϴ� ��Ŀ�������.�ֳ��ϸ� �츮�� ���� ���� ��f�� ������ ߽� ��츮�� �
�ż��а��츮�� ���ʿ� ���� �ܼ���� f���ϴ���; ��������������� �.
(4) ���ν�Ÿ�ο��������������ߴ�. ��: ���ν�Ÿ������������� . �ߴ��� �����
'����������Ƴ�����; ��������� �߰� � � ���; ��� ߷p� �����ʾҴ�.
@P308
���۹�: Please don't try to put off paying the rent.
P.114 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) to go (2) Remember, to mail.
P.115 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) I remember that I saw the picture before.
(2) Would you mind my asking for your help?
(3) Would you mind opening the window?
����� �ؼ
(1) ���ñ���������â��; �������ʰ?��ھ
(2) �����츮�� �� ȥ��; �� � ׳ � ����� ��; ����Ѵ�."���: �����ƿ���."
(3) f�������������� u ����� ڽڽϴ � ����� ����: ��
; � 4 ���Ե���� ��; �Ͼ�4ϴ�.
(4) ��h���������� �ʹ� ȭ� � � � � � � տ � � � ��ڸ� ��� ������ ���ڸ��� ���ڸ
��� ��� ����
�䷮8��d��; ��� 鼭 �� �Ѿƴ ���� ����� �ٴ.
(5) �������� ��������;�����Ҽ��бⰡ �Ѷ� �ֵ� ���ϰŸ���8����: �����:�7� ���� ״
������: ��ſ��ڽڽŵ�������������� ߴ� ���; ��������ִ�.
��� ۹�: Don't you remember his saying so?
P.116 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) It is no use trying to persuade him.
(2) There is no accounting for tastes.
@P309
P.117 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) There, is, denying
(2) It, is, no, arguing
(3) It, impossible
����� �ؼ
(1) ��� ������ ����� �ִ� ��� Ⱑڱ8���۰��� �Ǵ� ��: �ҿ���.
(2) �����15 �� 10 �� 8 ��� ��� �� ��� ܳ � ��п���� �״� �ٶ ��; �ݾҴ�.
(3) ������Ÿ���������8�p�����Ѵ�.��f�����ư�� �� �ٴ: �����������. �ֳ��ϸ� � �
�������� � ���� � ��������.
(4) ��������� �϶��� �ڽڽ��� ���~�ٴ.�ֳ��ϸ� ���� ���� ���� �Ͼ�� � � �� ���
������ �.�Ϻ������:�ƹ�����8�����������������ƹ�����������.
(5) ������������ ���������νñ��������� �����: ��
ġ����������� ;��� �ٴ
������.�� ���� �Ű�������������� ��� ڿ��ڿı������Եȴ�.
��� ۹�: It is no use (good) pretending to know nothing about it.
P.118 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) is, busy, writing (2) feel, like
P.119 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) worth, visiting (2) on, point, of (2) of, own, making
����� �ؼ
(1) ��ſ�������ȿ����ŵ�������:��f���ƹ� ������������.�����ŵ���;�; ���ŵ���
�����.
(2) � �ڽڽ: � ŵ��������������: ȯ�濡�� ��� �� 8���� ȯ��: ����� ���Ѵ� �
�� ���� �صȭ�����ʴ´�.
(3) �츮 ���� ��� 4� �����; �Ÿ���:��; ��ġ���Ȱ����ִ� �� �ƴϸ� �����츮�� �ָ
�; �Ȱ����� �͵� �ƴϴ�.
(4) ������: ����������ʼ� ȯ�����. ���� ȯ�濡�� ����� ϴ� ��: �λ�; ��3����ϴ�
����⼺ڱʼ����� ȯ�濡�� ����� ϴ� �����.
@P310
��� ۹�: Great books are worth reading many times.
P.120 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) being (2) to seeing
P.121 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) got, used, to, living
(2) looking, forward, seeing
(3) what, to, dropping
����� �ؼ
(1) �����ϳ ���������������1� � ٽ � ���Ѵ� . �������f ����
������ �.
(2) ���������� : �ڼҸ����ε巴�� ��d��Ű� 鼭 ���ߴ�. "����,�츮 ��δ� ������ο�����
��Ȱ��� ������ ����ϰ���� �ݿ � ,��� .���־Ͽ� �츮�� ����; ����d��ŵ�. ����
���� 㿡 ��� � �ؼ츮���� ���� � ���غʰ "?�ڴ
(3) ù �� ���, ������ 丮���Դ� �� ��������������˰� ;�� �ٴ
е :���� v ���Ļ翡
�ͼ����� ���Դϴ�.
(4) �츮߽߽߽߽߽߽ ; �켱߽߽߽߽߽츮߽߽ ǰ��; � �ִ� ������ �ش. �����Ƹ�������
���d���θ��� �����. ���츮߽߽ ǰ�� ��: fǰ; ����ϴµ� �ͼ��ϴ ;���� ��������
� ���
����� ;�� ��������⸧ �ٶ.
���۹�: She is used to living by herself.
@P311
P.122 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) in, walking (2) On, arriving
P.123 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) in, speaking (2) On, getting (3) In, learning
����� �ؼ
(1) ��������������������Ǽ������������ִµ� � � �: �������������ڿ
������.
(2) �Ƶ������ӿ���v��; ��� ߴ� �ٴҽ�; ���;��������Ӵϴ�y�������
ߴ�.
(3) �������Ÿ � ���ڸ:���� ���������������������� ;���� �ַ� ��� ڰټ
�������� �����ʼ� ��Ƽ���� �.
(4) �������~� ���� ����� �״ʾҰ� ���:�Ⱦ������� �״ . ߴ � ���п���/����8��
�� �
2 � ��� ������ �װ�����d������� = ������ϱ�'��������� 뿡뽺뽺 ��
����� ö����
����.
���۹�: On receiving the letter, he turned pale.
P.124 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) goes, saying (2) help
P.125 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) could, but (2) couldn't, help (3) It, goes, without
����� �ؼ
(1) �������� ���������; ����������տ�Mr.���� ���ٿȴ � � ������ ��; ��
��µ���� ��� ���� ��� ״ʾҴ�.
(2) ���������ൿ�� �ǹ�����ǰ����������������������� �~�������; �����.
(3) ��������������������;�4ó����������������dz��������������� �ٽ
�ҳ����Ǹ��pڴ� �ٶ � ��� ��; �����.
@P312
(4) 18���������������� �������α��������b�������α���ó��=������������ӵ���
�������ϸ��ϰ������� � ��� �ۿӵ��� ��� ߴ�.
���۹�: All those present could not but shed tears at the sight.
P.126 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) prevented, from, coming
(2) prevent, us, from, getting
(3) prevent, from, breaking
P.127 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) illness prevented him from coming.
(2) What kept you from coming to the party?
(3) He can't take a few days' off because of business.
����� �ؼ
(1) ����ġ��: �������·����������� �湮߽߽߽߽߽߽߽ߴ�.
(2) � ����������:������ �ڽڽȿ����߰� ���ߵ� �� �ִ� �ڽڽɷ��� �Ѱ 趧����� � �״ �
�ǥ������ �� ��;�� � �
(3) �����8��������:�?�����Ⱑ ������������������ǰ��;�p�� ߸��� ���ϰ� ��; ��
�ִ�.
(4) �Ǹ���x�������ʴ´��� �ٴ: �������Ǹ�� ߽ ߽߽߽߽߽߽߽߽߽߽߽߽ : å��; �������ϰ������
��� �װ. �ߴ�: �������� ���п��־ � �������
���. �������� �������x��������;��������
�ܼ���� ��� : ��õ�����۰����� �� ��f������å��������� �Ⱓ; ��������ߴ�.
���۹�: What prevented you from attending the class?
@p313
���дɷ½�������������p. 128
(1) �������������ɷ� �ִ� ���� �ɷ�: �������� ������ �ִ� ������� ������ ��
���� �� �ɷº��� ����; ���Ѵ�.
(2) �츮 ߽߽ δ� �������˸� ;�� �ٸ��ٴ鼭 ����� �������� :���� . �ߴ� ��ſ�; �߱�� ϸ
鼭�������� ���: ��������. �츮߽߽���������� a ����λ�; ��� �ְ� ����� ;�� �ٴϵ���
��0� � �Դ�.
(3) /���ϰ�������� ���:�������� ��Ȱ; ����ŷ���8������������������ϸ�����;�����
�ӹ��������������.
f 9���� ������� ���ǥ��
P.132 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) Ten minutes' walk took him to a large hotel.
(2) This road takes you to Seoul.
P.133 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) enable, us, to (2) made, you, move (3) very, worried
����� �ؼ
(1) 10���ɾ � �״ȣ��������ȣ�ߴ����� ��ڿ.
(2) � ��� �״ �˾ұ� ������ ���Ͼ ���� ��� ��־.�� �
(3) ��������10����Ҿ ������������Ϻ����������ϸ����a; Ȯ��� ߴ�.
(4) �������w; ��������� ���ڽڽȰ���;� ٴ� �� �׳۴ �ʹ�����=�� ��ٲ.
(5) ��=����ħ ��=����������� �״ħ�뿡߽߽߽Ͼ â���� ����. ���� ������ ���� ��״
������ ����� ���� ���.
(6) �ѱ�������: ����� 8 ������ѱ��ε�����: ��a; �˰��Ǿ��. ���� ����� �ٵе߽߽߽
߽ѱ��ε���ģ����������=����� ߰ ���
߰ ���
���ؾڴ ��ؼ.
@p314
��� ۹�: The sight of the orpharn made me sad.
P.134 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) The skyscraper deprived them of the sunlight.
(2) His laziness cost him his job.
P.135 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) kept, from (2) forced (3) makes
����� �ؼ
(1) �� �� ������ �� ��� ��ƴ� �������翡߽߽߽��� ���ڶϰ� �ִ°�����÷���:
������ ο �������.
(2) �������� � �������Ҽ��������ε�; f���ϰ��ǵ�������������ǰ; ����b������
���Ѵ�.
(3) �뿡꿡꿡 �
�����ڹ ��� �ʻ 纻�� ; ���������츮߽߽߽߽߽߽弭߽߽߽߽߽߽߽뿡߽߽߽߽߽߽߽߽߽߽߽˰� �
� �����.
(4) �� ��ݴ츮߽߽߽츮߽߽߽η � ; �ʹ� �ɰ��ϰ������������η � ��������;��� ���ؼ
�ȵȴ�. ~~ �츮߽߽߽߽߽߽߽߽߽߽߽߽߽߽߽߽ ; ��8�ν��������ϰ��ൿ�Ϸp� � ϴ� � ͺ� � � � ξ� � � : '� 迡
ó�ϰ��ȴ�.
��� ۹�: The picture reminds me of my high school days.
P.136 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) good, speaker, of (2) an, early, riser
P.137 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) a, wait (2) sudden, appearance
����� �ؼ
(1) ����������ħ�Ļ縦 �ϰ� ��; ������.
@P315
(2) ��������:û�߽߽߽߽߽߽߽߽ڵλ�; ���־.
(3) ������ֹ�̸� �� �ؼ踦 Ÿ������:�~������ʴ´�.
(4) �� ��׳ƹ������ý�; ��������
(5) �������������� ��� �� �
�� �
���� � ��� ���ؼϰ �ڴ.
(6) �������� ġ ������� ������� �� �� ������ � ѱ� ��л�: ��߱��� �� ��;
�������ϱ⸦ �ſ������ �ٴa���.
(7) ����å; �ſ������о��������� ���ϴ���������ȴ�. ����õõ����8���dz���پ
�д� ��; �����Ѵ�.����å���ƹ����������������� �ϵ������ʰ� �δ�����ƴ;�� �ٴ
�߰�� Ѵ�.
f 10����� 縦 �߽߽ � 8���ϴ�����
P.138 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) That is the village where I was born and bred.
(2) I was born in the year when my father died.
P.139 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) when (2) in, which (3) where, in
����� �ؼ
(1) �츮߽߽߽߽ f �츮 ߽߽ ΰ� ��� ����������� �¿ڷǰ�, v��ǰ�, �ù�Ǵ��ó���ü�������; ����
���ִ� �ô 븦 ߽߽߽߽߽߽߽߽�ִ�.
(2) �������� �͵� ��ü���ƹ��͵� ����� �����.� �װ:�͵���� ;�͵װϷt������ִ� ��쿡쿡쿡 �
�
�
߽߽ ϴ�.
(3) ��������߽ ߽߽߽߽߽߽ û����������� ߵǾ� �Դ�. Ư���÷θ���������������� ���
ߵ߰� ���͵�װǴ� � � ��߽߽߽ .
(4) ������������������ ���� �� ������ �� ��ݵf�����������������:
���7��������.
@P316
���۹�:The hotel where we stayed was by the seaside.
P.140 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) why (2) where (3) when (4) in which
P.141 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) This, is, why (2) This, is, how (3) This, is, way
������ؼ
(1) �ʹ������ʿ��ϰ��쿡콺콺 � ����ϵ���TV������߱�Ǵ� �Ѱ��� ��/�� �ʹ� ��: ��; �ϱ�
�
������ �.
(2) ��� 翡߽߽�������������8�����ο����� ����ĥ����������� ��� ;�� �ٴѴ�.�
��� �� ��: ����ƴ�.
(3) �5�Ǵ�����ǽ�: ��� 0� :�� � �������ְ� �ȴ�. ���� ���� � ���� ù �0�
���������������.
(4) ��� ��� ��� ״� �׳: �Ӹ�ī���������0��������� ���׳Ӵ����Ʒ���������
���·��ִ�� ũ���߸鼭 ������ ; �~��ߴ�.
(5) �츮߽߽������η� ��
�� �����
�
� �� �������� ��ؾ/�������츮߽߽����������ϰ���ó� �߸ؾ
�� ��/��dz���ϴ�.
���۹�: Tell me (the reason) why you are so late.
P.142 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) but, him (2) then
P.143 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) which, was (2) Which (3) which
������ؼ
(1) ����������߽߽߽: ��������μ�� � ���� } ;���ߺ�� �䱸� ��ߴ� � �����־.
(2) ���:��� ;�߸� ���ڱd�ϴ���; �β��� � �� ���ؼȴ�. �߸�; ��d� �Ѵ
���ٸ:�� �� ٴ
���� �ϸ� ���� ��� ���ڽڽf�����4�������ϴ ��������� ;�� �ٴ.
ڰ
(3) �츮߽߽߽߽߽߽߽߽߽Ǹ��� ��/�� ��ȣ�� �ڰǾ�߸� �Ѵ�. � �װ: ��������Ǿ �ִ�.
(4) ���Ͽ� � � � � 5 � Ⱓ � � Ȱ : � ſ � � � v � ο���� � ��: �츮߽߽d��������ɷ�����
8 � � �� �
�����;��ϴ�Ÿ��������;�ް������� ���ڱ� �׳ � .��� ���� ��� �� ־Կ� ġ� �ʿ���
��ͺ�8��'���ϴߵ߰� ���� �ٴǾ�8���Դ�� �α�������������200������ �����n���־.
@P317
���۹�: Wait until 6 o'clock, when he will come back.
P.144 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) three, of, which (2) for, which
P.145 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) one of who -> one of whom; are -> is
(2) I spoke -> I spoke of
(3) of that -> of which
������ؼ
(1) �츮߽߽߽߽x�縦 ���� � �ߴ��� ��� ��� �Ǵ � �Ƹ��� ;�ٿ츮߽߽߽߽߽߽߽߽߽�ִ
�ڿ ߽� ���
�: � ����͵װ.
(2) �η�����;���ϱ⸦ � �ִ� �� �ٶ/������: �������=���ƴ�d������d; '���
��w�Ҹ����� 븦 ã�������.
(3) ��������л��� �� �� �� ڰټŬ����������ʿ������ ߴµ� ��Ŭ������ѱ���ȸ�����
��� ڰټ.
(4) �������������θ����������ְ� ��ü�μ� �Բ���������ְ� �ϴ� ����������.
���۹�: She has three sons, all of whom are lawyers.
@p318
P.146 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) such, as (2) the, same, as
P.147 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) The conversation book is written in such easy English as beginners can
understand.
(2) He is using the same dictionary that he bought ten years ago.
����� �ؼ
(1) �����ʿ� ��: ~��������� Ÿ ���.
(2) �δ��: ����Ʈ�����ϰ�����: ���;�Ѵ�.
(3) ~~ ��: ����� ö �����
��ġ ���� ���� � �⳪��� �ڱϴ� �Ͱ� �Ȱ� : ��� 8�� �� � � ο��� �
�Ѵ�.
(4) ��������� ִ � ����: �Ұ������ȵ��������͵�; ���������ִ�.
(5) d����ȹ��;������� ��~�� �ڴ� ���ڸŰ�����ε�; �뿹 ߽ ߽߽߽߽߽.
߽߽�뿹߽߽߽߽밡 ߽߽߽߽߽
߽: ��f� 뵿; �������� ���ΰ� �� �ְ� d�� v�ǵ߽ ߽߽߽߽ߴ � � �� �ؾ �.
�� ' ; �
���۹�: Keep away from such men as find fault with others.
P.148 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) This is the best hotel
(2) He will do anything that
P.149 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) that (2) the, only, that (3) the, greatest, that
������ؼ
(1) �ʿ�����: � � ;�װ��� ���ΰ���������;�����ΰ����ƴϴ�.
(2) ����=��: ����:�Ŵ�������ȸ���� �����������ִ� �� 3 ��ߴ� ������ ��� ���
������.
@P319
(3) ���~� ���� Ⱑڱϴ� ����� �ڸb ����������� ������ 8 ������ �ʴ�� ������ �
� � ڰټǸ����� �ʾ�;��?
(4) �� 鸮������'���������������� ������: d������ ���ڽڽ.��־ŵ� ��â����
üv���������������������� �ִ� ���Ⱑ �ƹ��� �۴�� ���Դ� ������ �������� Ÿ .
���۹�: He is the best player that I've ever seen.
P.150 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) As was usual with him.
(2) no one but knows him
P.151 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) that, doesn't (2) Everything (3) but
������ؼ
(1) ��������� ���ٸ:���ڵϰ� ����ϴ������� �.Ź����dġ��ġ���������� ��: ���:����.
(2) �׳
� ��� � ���� ���� ��Ӵϰ� ���� ��ó����������8���ſ��ȶ����:������
����� �׳൵ Ŀ��� 鼭 � ������ �ڱģ��� 麸߽˾� ;=����������� �ʹ�� ;�ٴ� �����ڵҴ�.
(3) �����:����ù �ܰ�����. ��� '�� Ž�谡߽߽ : �����縷 8������ ��پ谡߽߽߽߽߽ ʿ���
�ͺ�������: �͵�; ����� � �ؾѴ�.
���۹�: There is no one but has faults.
P.152 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) what, like (2) what, called
P.153 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) Reading is to the mind what food is to the body.
(2) From what I heard about him, he seems to have failed the exam.
@p320
������ؼ
(1) ����ȭ�������ѱ���������������� 汹߽߽߽߽߽߽߽߽߽߽߽߽߽߽ .
(2) ������:��; �����ϱ���������'�� ��ڱ � ߱�Ǵ� ��; ���� �����ϴ� �� ����.
(3) ��������ε�������������������� �ʴ´� � ��� ����� ��� ħ��; ��ų �����.~~
� ���� �:�� �� ���װǹ���������������� ϴ ������� ;�� �ٴѴ�.
(4) �� Ⱑ״� �ڱù � �������� �ϴ���8�����ư���.
���۹�: I will do what (= whatever) I can do for you.
P.154 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) what, is, more (2) what, was, worse
P.155 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) what, was, worse
(2) What, best
(3) What, was, more, interesting
������ؼ
(1) ���������ø��������8���Դ�� ���� ��; �Ѹ�����������.�������ù ��; ��
�Ŀ������ι�° ����������� 8 ���; �Ҿ������d�ߴ�. �ֳ��ϸ� �� ��� �ϴ� ���� ��� ����
Ȯ���� �ƴ� ������ �Ͼ�� ������ �.
(2) �����������Ҵ��ͺ������������: ����������ο���������ڶ�� �� �� �ִٴ
������. ������������� ��� :�������ʷ�8��������� ;�� ��� �ٲ.
(3) �����:dȮ��� �ൿ�� �������� ��Ÿ����� �� �ؼd���������˵�;���������ִ�
�� �˾ƾ� � Ѵ � . ��� �� ���� �״ȣ�縸 ŭ; �˾ƾ��ϸ��Դ�� ���� �״忡߽߽߽߽߽߽߽߽ӿ�����
��4����������� Ⱑڱϰ��� �ϴ� �������� �����ϸ� |: ���; ���� �پp�� 鼭 �
߽; ����� � �ؾѴ�.
@P321
���۹�: We were caught in the shower, and what made matters worse, I didn't
have an umbrella with me.
P.156 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) What, he, is (2) what, he, was
P.157 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) Your parents have made you what you are.
(2) Man should be judged not by what he has but by what he is.
(3) What with hunger and fatigue, the dog died at last.
����� �ؼ
(1) ��������������� δ �����;�����������.
(2) ������ΰ�: ��������� 꿡뱹꺸 �
��
ξ� �������ູ�� � � Ѵ�� �ٴ: ����Ȯ���ϴ�.
(3) �ǹ�������� 踦 ���� ϱ� �����ϸ� �츮߽߽߽߽ Ǽ��迡 ߽߽߽߽��� ����.
(4) �ǰ����,��d����� �ڳ,�ٽ � ����Ҿȿ�������濵������� ���� �����ݹ
����: ����:�ɽ��������� s �.
���� �ڷ.������o�� ��� �� �츮츮츮
(5) � ������; �ϰ��ߴ°�? �츮츮츮 ����������; � � ����
� ��°�! ����ڷo���������7� � ������ʾ����츮츮츮 ����� ����ڷo ������ 谡 �߽߽����ߴ
����� �� رϰ� �ִ�.
P.158 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) which, advice (2) what
@P322
P.159 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) What, little (2) enough, all
����� �ؼ
�(1) ���� � �� �ּ��� ��� �� �ϳ� � � � � � � � x� � ��� � � ������ ���׳ϰ� �ִ� ����ڽڽ
��
�ǰ� � � ü� � ; � � � � Ų � :� � � � � � � �� � .
(2) �����츮츮츮���� �ִ� ��� ��, ��: �������츮츮츮 ����������� : �츮 v�������������
����� �.
(3) ������������ο�; ��������å�߽ � �� ��
� �����ð�����; ���ϸ��Ѽ����´�.
����׳, ������: �������������Բ��������������� �ٷ � �� ���� �� �־w��
��p������:����Լ���: �����.
���۹�: We should save what little time we have.
P.160 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) whoever (2) whomever
P.161 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) Whatever orders our parents give
(2) I'll be glad to do whatever you want me to do.
(3) He spoke to whoever he thought was a foreigner.
����� �ؼ
(1) �������� �ڱ� ���ǰ� �ִ� ��: ���������v���ϰ��Ǵ����ɷ°��Ǹ����ִ�.
(2) ä�ҵ����Ѹ���� � � � �͵װѸ � �� :Ưd � � � ���귯����߽ ���� е� ���Ƶ��� δ .
(3) �� ���ڽڽϴ� ��: � ����������ϴ���: ��ġ�ִ� �߸����. � � �: � �������ȵǴ�
�߸����. ��忡��������� : ���ϰ�, ��; ����������ް���Ǵ� ������ � ����� �پ�p� �ϴ�
�߸��� �� ��־Ѵ� .
@P323
���۹�: I will employ whoever is honest.
f 11����d; ��Ÿ��������
P.162 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) Not, all, have (2) None, of
P.163 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) I don't know both of them.
(2) None can be a poet.
(3) That kind of book is not to be found everywhere.
������ؼ
(1) ����ܾ �� dȮ�� ������ �� ��� ����� ������� ;���� �ؿƮ��ã�����϶�.
(2) ��: ����:������������8������� � �ؾѴ�� ���Ѵ� ���� ��� ����� ��
������ ��ſ� �ǰ����´� =��; �Դ���: �ƴϴ�.
(3) ��ȸ���츮 �� ο��������츮���� ȸ � � � � � � � � � � ȸ��� � ; � � ��غ� �ݵǾ� �ִ� ��:
�ƴϴ�.
(4) ��: ������Ʈ������ ���ذϴ� ���� ���� ����� ��� ;�� �ٴν��Ѵ�.�¿찡찡찣 �������
�Ʈ������ �ִ� ��: ��� ���� ��� ��ݵƮ������ �ִ� ��: �ƴϱ��������츮�����ູ��
���� å��: ���� � �ٵ츮 �ڽڽſ� �� �ִ�.
���۹�: Money does not necessarily bring happiness to us.
P.165 GRAMMAR A
all/bit/in, least
@p324
P.165 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) walk, any (2) none (3) in, the, least
������ؼ
(1) �������ϴÿ���õõ�������� ��ְ� �й 翡���ܹ������ � ϳ��� ���� �ʰ� �ִ�.
(2) ���������������;����ϴ���/��������������� £��������������;�߰� v�
� �������� �ݵʾұ� ������ �.
(3) ����:�� ߴ � �����Ѵ�. �� ��d���� �뵿뵿뵿
谡 �ϻ� � � � � � � � � � � ;��ٲ ;�
����
�ִ� �����
� ���縦 �ſ� ������� ־ � �� 簡 �����������ʴ ����� �ٴ.
(4) ��ȿ����� ��鼭 �� : ����� s �.� .���� �� ��� ;�� ��ǹ �� ���� ���
���� ���� �پ �� ��; ����ϸ 鼭 ����� ; �������־
���۹�: It doesn't matter in the least whether she comes or not.
P.166 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) nothing, but, study (2) anything, but
P.167 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) nothing, but (2) was, nothing, but, to (3) anything
������ؼ
(1) ��������: �⼱�����籹 ; �����ϸ��Ϻ��������Ŀ�ǰ� ������.
(2) ����츮������ ; ��ּ��� �ǰ ����� �� ������ �ʹ� �طο� ���¸��������ʵ���/���
� �ؾѴ�.
(3) ����������������� / ���v����屺�����v��ε���d����:�� �ٶҰ��ϴ�� ��� .�ߴ
���� �屺: ��������� ߴ�. "Ÿ������ �ٶ�ۿƹ��͵� ���� ��ٶ: �λ�����θ��� 鼭 �ְ� �Ǵ�
���;��ȭ������."
@P325
���۹�: He did nothing but watch TV all day.
P.168 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) He -> him (2) are -> is
P.169 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) I want neither of them.
(2) Ted didn't come to join us, either.
(3) The equipment is not either accurate or safe.
������ؼ
(1) ������͵� ������͵� ȯ�濡 �ɰ��� ����; ��ġ�� �ʾҴ�.
(2) �����,��Ӵϵ�, �ƹ���TV����� �����ڵf �۵���� ���� v�� �� �ݵʿ 䰡 ��� .
(3) �����츮��TV ����ü�������������ʴ �ٴa; �ν�� � �ؾѴ�� ����. ��ȸ������
TV����ġ��� � ���װ � �Ǵ��뵿뵿뱹 ���
����.
(4) ��ü���ΰ�: ������Ķ�5����� 踦 �Ҵ � . � �� ���: ~~ ��ſ� �¿�Ǿ��.���������ε
߽� �Ż�����: �յ�, �ŵ��ƴϰ��ΰ�����.
���۹�: Neither you nor she has to attend the meeting.
P.170 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) well, is (2) as, well
P.171 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) fish, as, well (2) but, snows, well (3) Both, and
������ؼ
(1) ù��: ���������ƴ϶���Ȥ������� �.��� �� ����� ���� �� ���ڸ ��
�߰�� ϴ� ����: ���� � ���.
(2) ��=: ���;��ĥ �Ӹ��ƴ϶��ǰ�; ��ģ� ���� ;�� �ٴȮ���Ѵ�.��: ������ �����
�ִ��� ��� � ���Ѵ�.
(3) ��� ����� ��� �� �� � Ǵ� �������� Ʒ ð �����;����ϰ ڴ°�? �Ƹ��ƹ�����;
�����.�����: ���� ���
��x� Ӱ� ��f�����; '�� �ؼӸ� � ƴ϶� � ɸ� � ���� � /� � ����� � �
� ��ߵ��� �־Ѵ�.
@P326
���۹�: Climates not only affect the body, but also the mind.
P.172 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) cannot, too, much (2) cannot, too, much
P.173 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) can, too/can, enough (2) cannot, too, overvalued
������ؼ
(1) �츮���ϻ��Ȱ���� �츮����� ϴ� �� ���� ���� �˸� �˼�� �t�.
(2) ���߽� �߽ ߽ ð�; ��� ߸� �Ѵ ���� ��� ڰټ:�� �� ��ٴt�. ����� � 8 ��� �:
�������ð�; ��� ߸� �� �����.
(3) å: �����/�����ִ�. �8�� ������ װƹ����7���ӵǾ ��ġ���ʴ� � �� ���� ���װ
쿡쿡쿡 ���
� ��f���Ҽ���t�.
(4) ��������б��������Ϸx��Ϻ�������Ƿ����ʿ��ѵ���a: �ƹ�����v� �� �صġ���ʴ�.
(5) �츮����������� ��/���Ź�; �����ϰ����3�TV�� ۱�; ��f�ϰų��ƴϸ���� 8������ �
����
;��� ������ �� ܿ ؿȮ���Ű�����������Ǹ�'�������ʴ � ;��� �ٴƹ�����������
�ص
��ġ���ʴ�.
P.174 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) never, but (2) never, but
P.175 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) never, without, feeling
(2) without, being, reminded
(3) Whenever
@P327
������ؼ
(1) �츮��������߽ �������� ϸ� ��� ��ݵȭ� � � � � � ϰ� � ȴ� . �ֳ��ϸ� ��͵װ: �Ұ�����
����� ��������.
(2) �������� ��; ��� �ָ� ��f��������; �� 3� �������� ٴ.
(3) �� ���; ��ġ���ݵ�� �ڽڽŵ� ��ġ���ȴ�.
(4) ����������:���Ҽ�; ��8����f������;�긮찡� .�
(5) �4ó� �뵿뵿뱹 ����ƴٴϸ� ��f�� Ư���� ����� �� ���� ��� �� ��: ����; ���� ���� �ȴ�.
ø�
(6) �ȳ��w�ũ���ϱ⸦ ��8����f��� ����� ����� ����� ���� ��� ׳ǰ��
���������ȴ�.
���۹�: I never play the piano in public without making mistakes.
P.176 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) far, from (2) beyond
P.177 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) far (2) free (3) beyond
������ؼ
(1) � � ���� �״Ǵ��t��������������ʰ� ������� صǴ� ��������������.
(2) ����������Ư¡8�������츮���츮���� b����;�ʿ��Ͽ�����������������; ����
�ְ� Ȥ: ����� ���� �� �ִ�.
(3) ���� �� �ٵȲ; �����ϱ� '�0�� ������ ���
���ؼʼ������. ȯ�汳 0: ��ü �����,���ǹ�,�б���
����ȯ���ü��f�������: ��: ���·��ǽõǾ� �Դ�. � �� � �װ͵�: Ư�� �б������� ����
������� ���ϴ�.
���۹�: He is far from (being) a coward.
@p328
P.178 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) without so much as asking.
(2) have left here quite a few years ago.
P.179 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) not, all (2) not, least (3) anything (4) far (5) no, means
������ؼ
(1) ��: ���������������ϸ� �ܹ��Ÿ� ���� � �: �ڽڽŵ���Ʋ�ȴ ��߰� ;�� �ٴѴ�� �����
ߴߴ�
ߴ�.
(2) ���������������ϰ�������� �ҳ�: �� �о����������������� ���������.
(3) Ȥ�� ���� ��: �� ���; ������ �� �� ��ο� �亯���ǹ��� ���� ���. ���� ��� ����ڽ
8���� ;���ν���ȭ������ �ǵ��� ��v�. �� �״Ƹ��� �ڽڽſ� ��� ��� �ؼϴ� �� ����
��w�������.
���۹�: Galileo was by no means the first to use a telescope.
f 12�������Ÿ��������
P.180 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) as, as, (2) as, as, ever (3) so (as), as
P.181 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) He has twice as much money as I have.
(2) I need the money as soon as possible.
(3) She doesn't sing as well as I do.
@P329
����� �ؼ
(1) �������������������� ��� ���ƴ�.
(2) ��ǰ������:10�����2���ö��.
(3) ��⸦ ��; ��������������ä�������Ծ���Ѵ�.
(4) ���������'� ַ � ���� �ڷḦ ��; �� ���: ������ �� ���� �а� �ʿ��� ��� �ǹ ǹ�
����������; �����.
(5) ������н :����������Ͼ ���������10�������Ʋ��� �ߴ� �Ѵ�.
(6) ��ü ������������ʶ�������Ҵ�.��: ���ε���� � � ��� ���d�����Ҵ � .
���۹�: She earns five times as much as I do.
P.182 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) taller, any, other, student (2) more (3) so
P.183 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) smarter, any, other (2) as
����� �ؼ
(1) ģ�����湮�Ϸ� � � � �鸣���ͺ��� �� ��� � �� ��: ���.
(2) ȭâ�� ���� �Ƹ��� �ٿðð�� � � ��� � ϴ�� � : � � � � � � � � � � � ��
�.
(3) ��; å; f���������ó����� �ڱ翡 �ʼ � ���� ��: ��8�� ��װó��������� 8 ���Ȧ���Ǵ�
�͵� �����.
(4) ����:��: ������Ǿ�8�������å��� � �ٵΰ�����=����: ����;���ƴ�.
(5) ��� �״ó��������������� � ~~ ������ ���� �ڿƵ߽� ��
�ڱ : ���� ��
�� �
�ͺ������������ ϴ ���ϰ� �ߴ�.
���۹�: Nothing is so frightening as hatred.
@P330
P.184 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) so, much, as (2) rather, than
P.185 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) Oceans do not divide the world so much as unite it.
(2) I went to the U.S. for sightseeing rather than for study
����� �ؼ
(1) �λ�������:�����ִ �ٱ� ���ٴd����ұ�����¿����ִ�.
(2) �� ���״� �ڽڽн� ������ ����� � �ٴΰ� �������� x ; �Ҵ � .
(3) ������ģ: �������� ������������� �ٴ.
(4) �츮��Ÿ�ο� ��� � �˰� ������ �ؼǴ� ��: �� �װϴ� ���� ����8�κ��Ͱ� �ƴ϶� ��װ
���ϴ� ��Ŀ����� � �ֳ��ϸ� �츮���ϴ� ���� ������ � �츮����������츮���� Ű� ����ʵ����
�����ܼ���� �� �� ������� ��� �ۿ.
���۹�: He is not so much a man of talent as a man of diligence.
P.186 GRAMMAR CHECK A
not, so, as
P.187 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) no, less, than (2) less, than
����� �ؼ
(1) TV��û: �������� ����������.� �װ: ������ȭ�����������ͺ���������ϴ�.
(2) �����; �������ϴ���: ���ĸ���; �8�����ó�������ִ�.
(3) ȣ��� �� �繰���ִ� ��״θ� �˷t� �屸��=�İ� �����Ϳ������������ ŭ ��ΰ�����/�ϰ�
��� ��� �������� �����.
(4) ���� ���� 츮�������� ������� ʴ � ;�� �ٴ���� Ȯ���Ѵ� ��� . �
�������DZ������� �츮��dġ��8�� ���ϰ ൿ��
ų� ��� � 츮�� ����� ������ ϴ�� ���ϴ� ��
��ŭ��� ���: ����ϴ
�� Ȯ���Ѵ�.
@P331
���۹�: Surfing is no less thrilling than water skiing.
P.188 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) less, than (2) no, less, than
P.189 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) no, more, than (2) no, less, than
����� �ؼ
(1) �� d�δ� �� ��Ÿ��� �Ǽ��� ��� ��
2500���
��ȹ ��� .
�(2) �� ����: �� �� �� � ���� ��ȭ�� ����� ڱ ����� �ġ
�ϳ���
7���. ���
�����
ΰ� ������
�
�����.
(3) ����ε��� �ֿ��� �߰��� � ε����: �Ұ� 100���� d���μ� ���� ���� �Ϻδ� �4ó�
�����ִ�.
(4) ������ ָ ��
� �ǵ��� dz���ϰ� �ϴ� ��: �t�. ���� �ܾ���� �Ұ�
�� �ַ
��
� ������
��:
��; ���ϰ� �� . ���� ��: ����� ���ܾ
�ִ��� f��
����ƴ�
; �� v��� ����� �ؼϴ� ���� �.
P.190 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) no, more, than (2) all, the, for
P.191 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) A bat is no more a bird than a rat is.
(2) I like her all the more for her shyness.
����� �ؼ
(1) �� ������� �װʾҵ��� ���� ������� �ʾҾ�.
(2) ����� �λ��� ��ǥ�� �ƴϵ� �ϵ� �λ��� ��ǥ�� �ƴϴ�.
(3) �� ���ٺ��� �ڱ� �ڽڽ� �� �� ��� ��ó�� �������� ���=; �� �� ���.
ڰ ڰ
(4) ȭ���� ���� �ڰ� ���ڰ�� � � �ۿ��ؾѴ�� ���� �Ǹ��� ��� ��ó�� ��������ڵ
������ ��� � �� � �ؾѴ�� ���� �Ǹ��� ���.
(5) � ����� ��� ;�� �ٴ
t �˱� '�� ���� ���� 䰡 �����
�ʿ � ����� d��
�ǹ����� ��; �˷p� ���� d�� �ǹ��� �� �ʿ�� ���.
(6) ���� �ƹ���� ���� å; ���� ���� ��� �� �״8�� ־ŭ �� ������
�~��ϰ� �Ǿ��.
(7) ����� � ׳ฦ ȭ���� �ϸ� � ���� ׳ŭ �츮��; ���� �� ���ɼ��� �
���پ.
���۹�: I don't love her any more than you do.
P.192 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) much (still) less (2) let, alone �Ǵ� much (still) less
P.193 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) I can't even read French, much less speak it.
(2) I didn't even speak to him, still less discuss the problem with him.
������ؼ
(1) ���: ���翡 ��� ��� �ؼd�� ���� ���ϸ� � � ����� ����ϰ� �
��� �� ������ ���� �ڱ.
(2) ���� ���� ��f�� �� �����ϱ�� ��� ߴ��ϰ��
�� ���� ����.
(3) �� ���ܿ� �������غ: ���� �͵� ��� �������� ã�ƿ4� �����
���� ���.
(4) ���� ���� ���� ���� �͵� ��� ���� �Ͽ� ��: ����; �Ҵ�.
(5) ���� ����� �츮�� ������ ��뼼��� ��� ����ϰ� ��x�� �� ���.
(6) ����: ��; ����ϴ� ���ǰ�� �ƴϸ� ���; ����ϴ� ��: �� ���
�ƴϴ�.
@p333
���۹�: Animals have a .right to live, much more men.
P.194 GRAMMAR CHECK A
( 1) better, better (2) older, more
P.195 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) The balloon went higher and higher in the sky.
(2) The wind became more and more violent.
(3) The more I study, the less I learn.
������ؼ
(1) �츮�� �7� �� � � ��� ���������
� ���� ��� v����� ���ٽ.
(2) ��� � ����� � ҵǸ��� �ɼ�� �� ⸦ �� � ?��� Ų�� . ����� �ڵ: ����
���� ���ҵǰ� �ϴ� ���; ã�� �ִ�.
(3) ��0�� �0�� ����� ���� ;0�� :�� �� ִ ��� � ־: ��� �� ưư�����ٴ
������.
(4) �7��� �ʾ� �ߴ����� ;���� ����� ��״. ����: aa ��
�����Ǿ��.
(5) ����ε�: �ڽڽŵ��� ���� ���ڿ��� ������ ��ٴ� ��; �ڶѴ�. ���� ��
��: ����; �Կ��츮�� ��ε��� ��� aa �� ������ �ְ� ��� ��:
����ε�: ��v�� ��ǰ; �� ����� �õ���ǰ; � � �ִ�.
���дɷ½��� ���� ������ p.196
(1) �츮�� ��߽ ���� ���: �츮�� ��߽ ���ϴ� ��İ�� ��� ������ ��ݵ:
�ƴϴ�.
(2) � ���� �װ�;����ٸǥ���ϸ� ���: ��ſ��� ���� �t�� ���ϴ� ��� ����ڽڽ
�λ�; ��� �;��Ѵ ��� �� ���߰� ;�� �ٴ.
(3) ���� �ҿ�Ǵ� ���� ���� ��� ��ݵƮ� � � ���� � � � ;� � d� ϴ� � � : � ƴϴ� .
(4) �λ�: �����ϸ� ���: ����� ��; ������ ���ؾӸ� �ƴ϶� ��� 翡 �
�ƾ��Ѵ �϶���� ;�� �ٴ.
f 13�� ���� ��Ÿ���� ����
P.200 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) will start as soon as it stops raining.
(2) The minute she saw the man, she fainted.
P.201 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) �� (2) the minute (the moment; the instant) (3) as soon as
(2) ����� å; ��� �� ���: ��� � � ����� ���� � � ���װ缭�� �
�쿡�� ���: ��� ������ ���� �Ǹ��� ����� �� �� ����
b���ϰԵȴ�.
(3) �츮�� �¾ � � ����� ���ڸ츮���� ����; ��ġ�� �Ǹ� �츮�� �ܼ���� �
����� ��'���� ��ȸ�� ��'�� ������ �� ��ٲȴ�.
(4) ���� ����� ���� �����, ��; �ϵ� ���п� �����ϵ� ����
����� �����: ����б��� ��ġ�8�� ���� �� ڸ��� ��; ���� �ڱ
�;��Ѵ�. ���: ~~ ����� ����� ��Ȱ; ��� ��; ���Ѵ�. ��: ������
��/�� � �����Ѵ�
���۹�: The moment he got home, he phoned him.
P.202 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) No sooner had he seen me than he ran away.
(2) Scarcely had I entered the room when the phone rang.
P.203 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(����) when/the moment (minute)/Scarcely/No sooner/ On
@p335
������ؼ
(1) � �:�� � ��� ���� �װ� �����ڸǴ�; �ϱ������ ߴ�.
(2) �� b����� � �� ���� ���˾� �� � ڸƾ� � ǰ ߴ���� �ڴ ߴ �. �� �λ� ����
�� � ���Ե� ���� �����ϰ� �8������ ��� ��ﰢz� ���� �� �� ����.
(3) � ���ο� ���� ��ī�Ӱ� ���� ����: ~~ ���� ��ȸ��
������ �ȴ�. ���� �츮�� �Կ � � � � � � � � � � � ���ڸ츮�� ��8�� �
��� ������ ���Ҵ��� �ϰ� ���ٶ.
(4) �� ��Ӵϴ� ��ϸ� �Ȱ� ���� ���ƿ���ߴ��� ������ ���ڸ. "����.
�츮 �Ƶ� ź� � ; � � � �� ϰ� � � � � � � � � � � =� � a� � � � � ���� � � � � Ļ� � սô� ."
���۹�: On entering the store, I was spoken to by a foreigner.
P.204 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(����) until/until, did, show/until, that
P.205 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) didn't, until
(2) until, did
(3) not, until, that
������ؼ
(1) ����ǥ�� a���ϰ� ������ ��μ� ���� ��� �� ���װδ ;�� �ٴ
� Ҵ�.
���
(2) �� �״ſ� ����� ������8�� � �� ������ �װ� �װμ� �� ���� �״Ͽ�
���� ����; ��d�Ҵ�.
(3) �Ϲ���8�� ���: ���� ; �� ���� Ⱑڱѱ�� ������ �� μ� �� �� �ȴ� .
(4) ���?�: ���� ����� ��ȸ�� �ÿ� ��� �����ϸ 鼭 |: �� �����
� ���ÿ� ����; ���� ��8�ν� ��μ� ��f�� �DZ� �����ߴ�.
(5) �÷���� ���� ����° �뿡뼳뼭 �� � � � � � � Ŀ� � � μ� ��� � � �
Ⱦ� 信 ����
� �װ. �ߴ� �Ŵ�� ���� ������ ��: 1492������.
@P336
���۹�: It has been almost a decade (=ten years) since they moved to this city.
P.206 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) not, before (2) some, time, realizes
P.207 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) It was not 24 hours before we got the good news.
(2) had not gone a mile before he.
(3) It was a long time before I could meet the man.
������ؼ
(1) �� �ɵ�: ���� �ʾ� ������ �����.
(2) �� �װұ��� ����� �伺; �˷x� �7� �ð��� ��� �� �����.
(3) �7��� �ʾ� �츮�� �쿬�� ������� �ٽ. �츮�� ���� ��� ������
�Ÿ��� �����ƴµ� ���� ����� ���� ;�� ���� �װ.
(4) �7��� �ʾ� ���� ������ĸ�8�δ� �ô��� �ʿ 信 �����ϱ ����8��
����ϸ���� ���; ��� �ݰǾ��.
(5) ��θ� �30 �� � ���� ä ��Ǿ�; ���뿡쿡찡 ���� Ŀ���; ��� �ڸ��� �ڱ
8��� � �� �� � ݴѴ��� �� �� �־0 ��� 8�� � ��.
���۹�: It was an hour before the police arrived.
P.208 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) time, will, when (2) as, long, as
P.209 GRAMMAR CHECK B
provided/if/as (so) long as
������ؼ
(1) �η� ���� ���ø� ���� ���� �� �����.
(2) ���� ��� ����; �3��� �ʰ� ȸ���� ��� ��� ���� �� �λ�
ã�ƿԾ��. ���� ���õǾ�� � �ܷο��.
(3) ����ʾ� �츮�� ���ּ�; Ÿ�� �츮�� ���ϴ� õü ��� ��� ��/���� ������ ��
��; ���� ���� � .�
(4) �ų� ��õ ���� å�� �߰�� Ǹ� �� �� ����� ������ �ָ�; ��� '��
�߰����� � ������ ������ �� =���� ������ ������ ���� �
ؼҼ��� å�鸸�� ������� ���� ��� /��ȴ�.
@P337
���۹�: I'll never forget your kindness as long as I live.
f 14�� ����, ��� ��Ÿ���� ����
P.210 GRAMMAR CHECK A
Every, time/When.
P.211 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) Once (2) The, last, time (3) Next, time
������ؼ
(1) ���� �׳ฦ �� ������ �׳ฦ �~��ϰ� �ȴ�.
(2) ��� ������ �׳�� ���� ������ �� ������ �ڱa�� ����
�����Ѵ�.
ö (3) ����� ������ �öų ö � ���� ������ �� ������ ��Ӵϰ� �Ҹ���
��� ����� ���ƿ6�� �θ��� ����� � �η��ϰ��ǰ� ��x�����ȴ�.
(4) ���ͽ��Ǿ ��; ������ ���: �λ� ���� ��� ���� ���ϰ� �ϴ�
���� ��ο� ��; �߰��� �� ���.
(5) �켱, ���� ����: �� ����ü���� ��/�� ������ �ִ�. �����
�� �� ����ü�谡 ä�õǸ� ��������� �������� �ʿ 伺; '�� ���� ���
���Ǹ� �� ��� ���� ����۾� ߽ݸй��� ��: ��� ���õ� �ʿ 伺�� �����
� �ִ�.
@P338
P.212 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) not, to (2) so, could
P.213 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(����) to, be/so, could/order, that, could/order, not, to/so, to
������ؼ
(1) �� �״ż��� ��⸦ ����p� â��; ��� �����.
(2) ���� ��׳ǿ� ������� ��8�p� ����; �� ��Ҵ�.
(3) ���� �ô 뿡쿡찡 ������ ��8�p� ���� ��ħ ��f�� �Ź�; �б�� �ϰ�
�ִ�.
(4) �츮�� �� �������� ���˹� � � � � � ��� ;� � ã� � '� � � ɼ� � � � �
츮�� ��; dȭ�� �ؾѴ�.
(5) ���ϱ�� ��� �ɷ�; �����Ϸx� ������ ���ǽ=�; ����� �����ؾ
�Ѵ�.
(6) ��: ��; ����� x��� ��� /�� ����� �� :�� � ���� .ߴ �
����� ��/�� �������� �ʵ��� �Ϸp� ������ ��; ����� �����
ߴ�.
���۹�: Read as many good books as possible in order not to fall behind the
times.
P.214 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) so, as, to (2) so, that
P.215 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) so, that, could (2) so, as (3) a, hard, worker
������ؼ
ڰ
(1) �� �ǻ�� ȯ���� �ʹ� �ڰƼ� �� ��ٻڴ.
(2) ȭ��� ��l�� ���� �ɰ � � ���� Ͼ� � . � � ���� �ʹ� ���ٶҾ� ��: ����� ��ҵǾ��.
(3) û� �ʹ��� �����ؼ: �ߵ� �� ���� �� ��; �� �θ��� ������ ��μ�
����Ȧ; �����p� �ߴ�.
@P339
(4) �߽� ��ʹ� �糪�������� �־ƹ������� �� ������ ���� ���� �ʾҴ�.
(5) ������ �ʹ� �~Ƽ� �츮�� �ſ� ���� ���´�.
(6) ����: ��������� �� �ʹ� �۾Ƽ� �ٴٷκ��� 100������ �Ѵ� ��: �ſ�
�幰�� .
(7) ���� ���� �� �4� �� �ҳ��⸦ ���� �컶 e���. ���� ������
�ɷ� ��� ���ݱб��� �� �� ���.
���۹�: It twined so heavily that I stayed at home.
P.216 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(����) and so/Therefore/why
P.217 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) therefore (2) and so (3) Besides
������ؼ
(1) �8� ���� ;��� ״ƴ� ���� ���տ � � � � � � � � � � � .
ڰ
(2) ������ �� ����� �ڰû���� �þ��. ���� ���?��� ū ��f��
�Ǿ��.
(3) ���ϻ���: �氡 ���Ͽ� ���� ��峪���� �ɴ´�. ���� ��� �����ε�:
��� �� ��; �� �ְ� ��: ��峪���� �帮����� �� �� ��� ;�״ ִ �.
(4) ��� �״: �Ӹ�ī���� ��: �糪��μ� ���Ϸ���������. ��� �״ 쿡콺콺 �
��߽ ߽���
��
������ ����. ��ص ⸸ ��
� ��� �� � ���� ��� �Ǿ��.
���۹�: She didn't come in time, so that we left without waiting for her.
P.218 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) lest, should (2) for, fear
@P340
P.219 GRANNAR CHECK B
(����) order, to/so, to/so, that, could/view, to/the purpose, of
������ؼ
(1) ���� ��κ��� 3��Ʈ����� �ۿn ���� �ʾƼ� ���� ���� ����
�߰�� ұ�� �������.
(2) ����� ����� �ŷ������ ~~ �Ƹ�� ������װ ���� � ����� � �ٿ: ��; ����
�ʰ� ����� �����
���ƿ4� ��; �߰��� �� �ֵ��� ֺ���� ��� �� �ƴ� ���� �����, �ſ�
'���� ������ �� �ִ�.
(3) � �״f��ڵκ��� x��; ������� �� ������ f�� ����� �߽ڵи�
"��"�ε��� "����"�� �������� �ʴ´�. �� ���� �״л�߽� �����
���� � ��d�ϸ� �ڽڽŵ��� �ȶ����� ����; �巯����� "����"'��� ���ϱ⸦
������� �ʴ´�.
���۹�: Take your umbrella with you in case it rains.
P.220 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) To my dismay, 1 didn't have the passport.
(2) He has torn her letter to pieces.
P.221 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) to, death (2) To, great (3) To, our
������ؼ
(1) ������ ���� ���ݰϸ � : � � : � � � � .
��
(2) ݷ θ�
��״ � � � ;��� � � � ��� � � ־��ϰ� �� ;�װź��Ͽ� �θ��: ȭ�� �´�.
�ֳ��ϸ � � � � � � � � � ��; �ҳ��: ���� ���� ���߱� ���� � � ��.
(3) ���Ŀ� ���� ���ƿ�; �� ���� �� ���� ��� ��־å�� ���� ��;
�ø��� �����ߴ�. ���Ե� ��: ���� ���� ��8�� �� ���� �ɶ���
ǥd������.
(4) ��κ��� ��Ӵϵ�: ��ó�� ���� "�ƺ�"��� ��; �� �� �ƴ� �Ʊ�� �
� ���� �װ �����ڿԵ� ���� ���Ѵ �ִ� �˰� ;�� �ٴ. Ȥ: ����� � "ŰƼ"���
�ϴ� ��; ��� �Ŀ��� �Ʊ�� ���� ���ٶ㿡�Ե� ���� ���ϴ� ������ �ִ�.
@P341
���۹�: They were almost beaten to death.
P.222 GRAMMAR CHECK A
only, to
P.223 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) only, to (2) never, to, be (3) last
������ؼ
(1) �츮�� ���� ���ѷ� ���� � � ������ƴ�.
(2) ���� ���f�� �� �d ���� y���� � � � '�� ���� ����
����.
(3) �л��: ~~ ������ �伺; ������ϰ� �� ����ڱ ��f�� �����Ѵ��
��d���� � � ������Ƶ���� �ڽڽŵ��� ����� ��ȣ�ϴ ��߰� ;�� �ٴѴ�.
(4) ������� ��Ŀ 屸���ƹ�����: �������ε��β�������.������浿: ����� ��鼭 �
� � � � � �˰� ���ڼϴ � � 屸�����������ҷ���8Ų��.
���۹�: He kept overworking, until at last he fell ill.
f 15�� ����, ��/�� ��Ÿ���� ����
P.224 GRAMMAR CHECK A
not, because
@P342
P.225 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) I like him not because he is a man of means, but because he is a man of
character.
(2) You should not respect a man because he is rich.
������ؼ
ڰ
(1)�� �װʸ� ���츮췯췯 �����ʾҴ�� ���������� ���ڰ� ���ؼ
�� � ��� ؼȵȴ�.
(2) ���� ����; ���� �ʴ´�� ���� �ؼ: ���� ��w�� ��8�� ���
� ���ؼȵȴ�.
(3) �츮�� ���� �; � �� ; �����: �ƴϴ�. � 츮�� ����ϱ� ����������.
(4) ���: ������� ���ϴ�� �� �ؼDZ��ħ�� ���ؼȵȴ�. �ֳ��ϸ � � � � � :
������ ���ġ ������ �صӾ�� ���8�� �λ� ����; �߱� ���� ���.
(5) '���� ����� �л���� �Ӹ��� ���; ���Խ�Ű�� �� �����ϱ�
������ '���� ���� �ƴϴ�. ��: �л���� ������ ���ϵ���
�����ϱ� ������ '���ϴ�.
���۹�: He said, "Don't take pride in yourself because you are rich."
P.226 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) Now, that (2) seeing (considering) that
P.227 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) Once, (2) Now (3) considering(=for)
������ؼ
(1) ������ �0����. �ϴ� �����0��� ��8�� ���� ������� �ʴ´�.
(2) �� ����: �ϴ� �⺻ �� Ģ; ���⸸ �ϸ� ����.
(3) ����� ����; ��8�ϱ� ����� ���� ��� �����ϰ� ��: �����
���.
(4) �Ϻ�: ���� ���迡�� �뱹�� ��'�� �����߱� ������ � Ϻ� � ε� :
������ �� ��: ��'�� �� �� �� ���ؾ ���� ���� .
(5) ���� ��8�ϱ� �츮߽߽ ߽Ƹ� ��: ������ ����� �� ��; ���� �.
(6) �Ӱ �Ÿ�� a; ���ϸ� �� �� ���� � ״� ���ظϰ� �ִ�.
(7) ��� �װθ� �� ���� �� ;���� � ߴٴ� ��; ���� �� �״Ҵ�.
@P343
���۹�: Now that you are no longer young, take care of yourself.
P.228 GRAMMAR CHECK A
that, that
P.229 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) Human beings differ from animals in that they can think and talk.
(2) It is strange that he should have left without having locked the door.
(3) I think it very likely that they are still alive.
������ؼ
(1) ���� ����; �ϴ� ���� d���� ���; �ް���;�� � .
(2)�����ε��� �ſ� ��ģ���ϴ ���� �� ��� ��߱� � ���� �� �ٴ
�װ. �����: ��: �����ε���
���� { �����ݾϱ� �������.
(3) ���濡߽߽ 15 � ���� ƿ� � � � Ϻ � � � ȸ � � � � � � � � � � �˰� ���� �ؼϴ �
� Ϳ � � �Ѱ 谡 �ִ�. ��װ: �Ϻ��� �����ϱ� Ư�� �� � ���� � �
� � ��:
�ƴϴ�.
(4) y����: �츮߽߽ fǰ���� ���� y���߽ � �������� ��� �����8��
����Ѵ �� �ٴ: �л�߽ � ����츮츮츮����0������ ��� �κа� ���Ǿ�;
�����. ��·�� ������ �츮߽߽ ߽ � fǰ���8�� ��� ��������� ����
ߴµ� �� ��/�� ������ �츮߽߽; ���ǻ��� ���� Ȯ���� ����� ��ý�Ű�ų� �Ǵ�
����Ȱ���� �����8�� �?�� �� ��� �������.
@P344
���дɷ½��� ���� ���� ���� p.230
(1) �߱ ������ ���� ���� �� ; ���ƴ�. �� ������ �ſ� ��Ȳ� � ���ؼ
�� ��������� ����; �ؾä �� �׳ű � ����־. ���㽺��� Ե� �������3a; ����.
(2) ��ħ�� �ݷҺ��d�δ� ������ �ķ�; ����ڱw�� �� �ֵ��� ��ε߽� ��ķ� ���;
������ �Դ�.
(3) ��: ��: �츮߽߽ y���� ��8�ν� ���� ��; �����8�� ���� �Ѵ�.
f 16�� �纸߽߽ ߽߽Ÿ���� ����
P.234 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) Whatever (2) No, who
P.325 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) However hard I tried
(2) No matter what you do
(3) Wherever I may go
������ؼ
(1) � � ������ ����� �ϵ� � � � � � � Ȯ� � � �� Ǵ� .
(2) ���簡 �ƹ���������ִ� �ϴ�� ����� ����� ��� �غ: ���� ���������.
(3) ������ �ƹ��� ����� ��ڴü�δ� ��� ����; ���ƾ� �Ѵ�.
ڰ
(4 )���� å�� �ƹ��� ���� ���� ��� �ڰϵ����� ��: ä�� �αⰡ ��ƴ�. ����
ó=���� ������ ���� ��: å�� ��� �ղ�; �� ��; �����.
(5) �ƹ��� �ָ� ����� ��: ��� ���� '������ ���� �ʴ´�. ���⼭��
߽߽߽߽߽߽ �ֿ켱���.
���۹�: Whatever may happen (=Whatever happens), don't get discouraged.
@p345
P.236 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) Even if (though) (2) whether, or, not
P.237 GARMMAR CHECK B
(1) Even if you don't like it
(2) whether you like it or
(3) Whether it rains or not
������ؼ
(1) '���� ��쿡 � Դ� � � � � � 迪� � � � ��� ������� ��f���� �ʴ´�.
(2) ���� �Ⱦ��� �Ҽ���� ��Ҽ���� ��; å; �����ϴ� �� ����
/���ϴ�.
(3) �츮� � � � /�� �����⸦ �� �ٶ�ٸ츮� � � � /�� ��� ���� �� ��־Ѵ�.
��� ���/�ϰ� �����ϰ�, �츮� � � � � � � � � � � � � ϰ� �������� �ʰ�,
��~��� �Ǻλ� ������ �����.
(4) �츮� � � � � � � � � � � � ߽ � � � � � ƹ��������˾Ƶ���ġ���ʴ�. �ù
��� �ٷõ� ���� '��: �� ���� �ǵ��� d���� �ְų�, ���� �ϰų� Ȥ:
����; �ְų� �ϰ� ���� ����� ũ��.
���۹�: I would like to buy this computer whether it is expensive or not.
P.238 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) It, is, that, but (2) Millionaire, as (3) Child, as
P.239 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) Indeed
(2) Woman as she is, she is very courageous.
(3) Poor as he is, he is happy-
������ؼ
(1) � �װd���� ��: ������� ���� �� �Ͽ� �־ � �� � ��; �� ���.
@P346
(2) �׳�� ����� �ڽڽŰ� �θ� �ξ��ϱ� '�� ������ ���ߴ�.
(3) ��װ: �Ͼ����� ��; �� ���� d�� ������.
(4) ��: �밨� ��� , �� '��; �η��ߴ�.
(5)��װ: ����ùο��Դ� ��Ȥ�� �� ���� ����ε߽ � � � � �����ε���
����� ��� �κ�: ����ε��� ���·� ���� ��Ǿ��.
(6) ���� ��ü ��Ȱ�� � � � � � � � � � � � � � ����־ϱ� ������κ���������: �
ڽڽŵ�; �ַ� ��d�ֺη� �����.
���۹�: Tired as I was, 1 made room for the old lady.
P.240 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) Despite (2) with all (for all)
P.241 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) For all (With all)
(2) as (though)
(3) Tired as (though)
������ؼ
(1) ���� �ʸ� ���� ��: ��=�� ����, ��ٸ� �� ���� �־.
(2) �츮� � � � � ͽ��Ǿ��� ���; ����� �~����� ����� ���װ͵��� ��غϴ
� ���Ϳ� �ٴ ����� �� �� � .
(3) �� ����=�� ����� �״ұ��ϰ�, ����d; ���� �.�
(4) �� ��߱ �� Ʋ�������������� �ұ��ϰ� ��װ: ������.
(5) ��a���� �ұ��ϰ� ������: ��8�� ;���� ���ݱŰ�t� /Ȥ; ����
��� ����� �ٴ: ������.
(6) �� �״ɷ� � � � � � � � � � ���� ƴ϶� � � � Ǽ� ��� � ���
Ǿ � � � � ���� н� � � �� ����=�־ұ��ϰ�
������ x��; ��; �� ����.
���۹�: With all his learning, he has no common sense.
@p347
f 17�� ��d, v��; ���³��� ����
P.242 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) unless (2) or
P.243 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) If he doesn't come soon, I'm going out without him.
(2) Ring the bell, or he won't come.
(3) If you make one more effort, you will succeed.
������ؼ
(1) "��, �Ͼ� �� ����ȯ�� �� ��; { � ��������� �� �� ".�غ����� �ض
ڰ
ߴ��� ������ � � ܸ�. "�� ���忡 � � � � � � Ʈĥ; ߰ �ڰ ���
߰ ���� �ؾԴ�� �
쵵 �౺. �� �¸�� ������ ���� �װѴ � ��� �� �� �־4� ;��ٸ� �װ.
(2) �¾ 翡 � � � � � � � f���ϴ�. � �� � �װ�; ��� � � ��ϴ� ��: ���� �ſ�
��δ�. �츮� � � � : ��뿡 � ¾ 翡 � � � � � � ; �� ��8�� �츮� � � ��װ�; �پϰ�
����� �� ��; �����.
(3) ����� ��ð� ħ��; ��Ű�� ����ε�: ����� ����; Ǯ�� �Ϸp� �ּ�;
���ϰų� ����� Ȥ�� �u���� ��:�� ���ų� ����� ;��� ����ڱ
'���� �� �ִ� ���� � ִ ��� ��; �����.
(4) ���� ���� �� ����� ������ ���� ������ ��Ÿ����
���Ѵ �ٸ� �װ: �� �� ���� �ƴϴ�. ���� �ٷϸ � d Ȯ � � � � � � � ���
��w���� ����.
���۹�: Unless doctors operate on her immediately, she will die.
P.244 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) If, were, could (2) If, had, been, have, started
P.245 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) If the sun didn't shine, tomatoes wouldn't quickly ripen.
(2) If you had left earlier, you could have caught the train.
@P348
������ؼ
(1) ��� �����ϴ �� ���� �ٸü�� ���ÿ� ���� �����.
(2) ��� � ��� ����� ��
� ���� �� �� �ٸ���� � Ʒð� ����;����ϰ
ڴ°�?
(3) 100�� �� ���� � ����� ����� �����; ������ ��õ ����
������ ��� �ִ� ����ȸ�� ��; �� ��8����� ��� :���� �ߴٸ
�ڽڽŵ��� �� ��� �ʾ�; �����.
(4) ��� ��: ������ ����Ÿ� Ÿ�� ���忡 � � � ����� �� ���ٸ� �ڵ
4��� ���� �� ��� �� � ��� ��� �� �� �����.
(5) �츮 � � � � ε�: "ũ��"�� �ܾ��� Ҹ��� �~��Ѵ�. ��� �����ù���
����츮� � � ϴ� ��ȭ�� ��; �� �� ����־츮� � � � � � ; �˾�; �����. �ܼ����
ũ��� v� � ��� ������� �ݵŰ�� ���ߴ�.
���۹�: If he had taken my advice, he might have passed the exam.
P.246 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) Should (2) should
P.247 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) If he shouldn't come (2) If I were to ask
������ؼ
(1) Ȥ�� ���н��߽ � � � � �Ѵ ��� �ٸ: ��� ���=� �ٽϰ 4 ڽڽϱ�?
(2) �¾��� ���� �Ҹ�ȴ � ��� �ٸ�� � � ���ΰ�?
(3) Ȥ�� ������ ���� �湮� ϸ � � � � � 6 � ñ � � � � � � ƿ ´ �� ���ϼ� � � .
(4) ���� ���� ��f�� ���� �� ������ ��� �ٸõ�Ͻð 4 ڽڽϱ�?
(5) ������ �8�� � �� ���� ���Ѵ � ;���� ���� �ٸθ���ڴ.
(6) ��� ���� ��� ����� �ֿ� �� �ȴ �ٸ � ���� ϰ �! �װ°�ڴ: �츮 � �
� � � � � � � ε߽� Դ� ū ������ �.
@P349
���۹�: If you should meet Susan, give her my best wishes.
P.248 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) Were it not for the sun
(2) Had it not been for her help
P.249 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) If it were not for air and water
(2) If it had not been for his help
(3) If it had not been for the rescuers' quick arrival, the girl would not have
been saved.
������ؼ
(1) �� ��� ���� �ٸ츮� � � � ; �Ҿ�; �����.
(2) { �� �����ߴ��� �ʴ� �Ǽ������ʾ�; �����.
(3) ������ ������ �ΰ�: �Ƹ��� ��x�� �� ���; �����.
(4) ���� ��� ������� ���� �ٸȸ�� ����� ������ ��Ȳ�� ó�� ���� �.
(5) ������ ��: Žd�Ҽ��� ������� �ٸ8 ; �ڴ.
(6) ��: ���� �ƴϾ���� ���� ���� ���� �ʾ�;�� �.�
���۹�: If it had not been for your advice, I wouldn't have read this book.
P.250 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) wish, had (2) wish, knew
P.251 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) She wishes she could come.
(2) I wish I had attended the meeting.
(3) How I wished I weren't late!
@P350
������ؼ
(1) ��: �л��: ���谰: ���� ��8�� �ϰ� ���ٶ .
(2) ���� ū ��; �� d���� �ȶ��ϸ� �p ڴµ�.
(3) ����� ������ �� ���� �װ Ĵ 8���
����;��0� ���� ��ٺp ڴµ�.
(4) ���; �� �� ������ ���� ���� �~�; �ٵ�.
(5) �� ��; ��� ���� ���Ҿ�� �ߴµ�.
(6) �б�⸻ ���
� : {�� ������ ���� ���� �ϰ� � ���ٶ ��.
(7) �� ���� ���Կ��� �������8�� ��������� � ��� ��8�� ���� �����ڸ
�
������ �ʾҾ���� �~�;
������ ���ߴ�.
(8) �� ���������� ���� ��� �ڱf�� ���ʹ�� �߽ � � � � � � 8�� � �
��;��!
���۹�: I wish I hadn't idled away my time in my school days.
P.252 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) To, tell (2) To, hear (3) Judging
P.253 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) Strictly speaking
(2) To hear him talk
(3) Taking all things into consideration
������ؼ
(1) ����� �װġ�� ��; ���� ���: ������ ���� ������ �װ.
(2) { ����n�� ���� �� �Ŵ��� ��: ����� ��ó�� ���� �����.
(3) �
� �� ε��� �ϴ� ��; ������ ����� ��ġ�� �ִ�� ���Ѵ �� �ٴ: ū
�߸��� �� ���.
ڰ
(4) ��ſ��� ������ �� �� �ִ4 ٸ� ��ڰڽڽϴ�.
(5) v����°� ���� ��� �����ϸ� �÷��� ������ �� �ִ�.
(6) �� ��: �ô 뿡 � ¾���� �8����� ���˷� ��׳s; �����.
���۹�: I would be very happy to see you.
@p351
P.254 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) as, if, were (2) as, if, had, been
P.255 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) Tom speaks as if he knew everything about chemistry.
(2) He stood trembling as if he had seen a ghost.
������ؼ
(1) ��� �״ġ ����� �7� ��Ҵ� ��ó�� ��� /â�ϰ� �Ѵ�.
(2) �� ������� �ܸ 츮 � � � �� ����ڱ� �ڳó�� ����Ѵ�.
(3) � ���� ��׳ϴ� ����� ��|ҽ�; ��: ��ó�� ��� ���� �ڱâ����s��.
(4) ����� �7� : � ���� �����ģ������ ��ó�� /���ϰ� �����
�� � ��־.
(5) ������ ;�� ���ڱ� �״� �׳Ҵ�. ���� �ʹ� �� � ��׳y���Ϸt�
���� ������.
(6) �� ������ ���� ���� �� ����� ��Ź�ߴ� å; �� ��n��; ��
���� ���� ���װ � Ƹ�� ������ξ� ������ �����ߴ�.
(7) �� ���� �ٻð�: �����. � �� ����Լ� �ð�; ���Ѵ� ���: ����
ȣ�ָӴϸ� �� ��ó�� ���� ū �������� �ִ� �ظ.
���۹�: She acts as if she were an American.
P.256 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) long, as (2) far, as
P.257 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) so (as), as (2) So (as), far, as
������ؼ
(1) ��ĸ� ���Ѵ ��� �ٸϴ� ��: � ���� � �Ծ �t�.
(2) ���� �����ϱ⸸ �ϸ� ����� � �� ��� �� �ִ�� �ٴ: ������.
(3) �л��� �ǵ��ϴ� ��; ������ �� ��8�� ���� ������ �Ǽ�
���� ���ؼŰ ߽ � �� ʴ ´�.
@P352
(4) ���� �˱�� ��������: ����� �������� ��߽ � � � � � � : ���
��� ��������.
(5) �뿹 � � � ڽڽŵ�μ��� ������ ��ɿ� ��~�ϴ� �� ��w�ϴ� �� ��:
����忡 � � � � /����
��Ȳ; �ϴ� �� ���Ҵ�.
(6) �ǰ�: ����ġ�� �����ִ� �� �� 100�� ���� ��� �������߽ � �
��� � � � � � � Ǿ� �0� �ִ�.
���۹�: You can(may) sit here as long as you like.
P.259 GRAMMAR CHECK
(1) in (2) provided (3) otherwise (4) be
������ؼ
(1) 0ü�Ƿδ� ��� ���װġ�� �ʴ� �� �ູ ��������� �� �� �ִ�. ��װ: ����
�ռ��� �Ŀ�; ��n�´�.
(2) �츮� � � � � � � � � Һ� ���ó�� ���ϰ� �д �ٸ� �ڿȯ� � : � � � � � ȿ�
������ �ı��� �����.
(3) ����ڷo: ���� ���� ���� �ʾҴ��� �츮� � � � � � � � ��� � ; ��
��� ���; �츮� ߽ � �߽ Ұ� � ؿԴ�.
(4) ����ڷo �wα���: ��� ������ � ��d�� �ǵ����� ����ڷo�� �
��� ���� �ʾҴ��� ������ ���� ���ϰ� �������� ����;
����߱� ��������� ���� ȣ � � � ; � ��ڱѴ�.
���۹�: He studied hard; otherwise he would have failed.
P.260 GRAMMAR CHECK A
(1) is (2) mountain, we
P.261 GRAMMAR CHECK B
(1) Great was the sorrow of my parents.
(2) So great was his dismay he shut himself up in his room.
(3) This dictionary Mother bought me last week.
@p353
������ؼ
(1) �ξ� �� ��: ���� ��� �״w; �ξ��ϱ� '�� �ʿ��ϴ�.
(2) �׳ � �����߶����� ��Ƴ��Ҵ � �� ;��� ;�� �ٴ츮� � � � � : �Ǵ�.
(3) �츮� � � � Ŵ� �� �� ���� ����� ���� ����� �� ��; �����.