Part I

Convergence

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2
4G Dominating the Growth of Mobile World

LTE
In WCDMA
2020 In
2020

By 2020, LTE
subscriber base will
4G
Dominates,
surpass WCDMA’s.

In last 8 quarters, Growth by

Now & Future.

net addition of Generation in last
WCDMA is 4 quarters, 4G is
downward, while 77%, 3G is 6.6%.
LTE is growing
From Faster download Rate to Better User Experience

• Higher peak rate

• Lower cost per bit

• Ability to increase ARPU

• Lower latency

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4
Convergence Ongoing: Spectrum & Technology
5G, Future down the Road
Network

Applications
Architecture

Visions: 2020-2030 Slicing

Ability
Required

Mobility Smart City Smart

Device
500 km/h
High-speed
Railway

New
Smart User
Connections Car Experience
Latency Throughput
1,000 k
Connection
1 ms 10 Gbps Per KM2
E2E Per
Latency Connection
Superior LTE Network – Coverage, Efficiency & Experience

Better Coverage Everywhere Higher Spectral Efficiency Better User Experience

Macro Coverage
Multi mode, High capacity & Easy deployment Cloud RadioTM CA
Deep Coverage
Zero Footprint & Fast Deployment Magic Radio
Indoor Coverage
The art of performance & cost HD Video
Virtual 6 Sectors
eVoLTE

4G Pre 5G 5G
High Efficiency MBB Coordinated Ultra MBB Everything Connected

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7
Agenda

Part II
Coverage
①Macro Coverage - New RRU, Ultra High Speed Access

World smallest World smallest

4T4R RRU 2T RRU
 4*4 MIMO  Full bandwidth
 12L / 4*40W
 2T2R & 2T4R
 More powerful &
more flexible  2*60W@8L/2*80W@12L
 Powerful but smaller

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9
4*4 MIMO – Improving Network Capacity
 4*4MIMO has >90% capacity gain than 2*2MIMO while edge users

enjoy 140% capacity gain from 4*4 MIMO

 Cell throughput improvement with 4*4 MIMO mainly benefits from

1T2R/1T4R
4T4R the increase of 2-stream UE ratio

3.5 95% 0.1

Cell ESE (bps/Hz) 140%
Cell SE (bps/Hz)
3
0.08
2.5
11% 0.06 37%
2

1.5 0.04

1
0.02
0.5

0 0
MIMO 2*2 MIMO 4*2 MIMO 4*4 MIMO 2*2 MIMO 4*2 MIMO 4*4

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10
Simplify Network Deployment with UBR

Commercial 2T UBR Industry 1st 365M Ultra

Broadband RRU!

Commercially deployed
• AIS in Thailand

16L/16KG • 5000+ Units Deployed

2T2R, 2*100W • 1.8G LTE + 2.1G UMTS/LTE

2 in 1, UBR simplify the configuration greatly GUL Multi-mode, UBR supports smooth evolution
Swap G1800 -> GL1800 U2100->UL2100
with UBR by software By software

RRU
saved Software
50% GL1800
Upgrade
G1800 GL1800
G U +
+ +
1800 2100 UL 2100
U2100 Feeder U 2100 Smooth
saved Evolution
50%
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11
②Deep Coverage – Product Portfolio for Coverage Everywhere
iMacro Pad BBU/RRU BS8922
macro coverage with zero footprint invisible deployment micro BTS for hot & blind spot

 UBR AAU @  Pad BBU  7L/8Kg

16L/15KG 4L/4kg
 2*5W
 L/GL/UL/GU/  U/L
 Pad RRU,
GUL 4.9L/5Kg  1.8/1.9/2.1
 1.8G ~2.1G 2*5W,2T2R,  Support
Ultra L: 2CS
U: 4 CS cascading
broadband
Pad RRU
 2*40W

Pole/wall Known as “Invisible Deployment” BBU-and-antenna-integrated

zero-footprint installation For deep coverage in downtown for all-in-one deployment
Great for street coverage, etc. & scenic area. for Hot & Blind Spot Coverage

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12
③Indoor Coverage – Qcell Plus, LAA-enabled
Multi-mode & multi-freq. with single Ethernet cable Qcell Plus – what’s new

Qcell Plus Cat5e/6 Qcell Plus

fiber •Multi Mode
pBridge •Multi frequency More
feeder
frequency WiFi
Positioning Ethernet bands Local Indoor
• All powered with just one &
pBridge single Ethernet cable!
Offload Positioning
LAA
• 8x pRRU
Positioning pBridge
• support POE
pBridge • 4 level cascading

MAU •Introducing of MAU Qcell Qcell Plus

pBridge
For combing BTS from
MAU different vendors G1.8+L1.8+U 2.1+L2.6/ 1.8G+2.1G+LAA(5.8G)+
Configuration
BBU L1.8G+U2.1G+L2.1G WiFi
Traffic •Multi-mode
Deployed BTS BBU
offload
Baseband Unit Availability Now 2016Q4

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13
④Remote Coverage, ATG (Air To Ground) Solution

WIFI AP1 In ATG solution, 200km cell radius is supported

WIFI AP2
In-Flight Server
LTE ATG CPE by customized RA procedure on both CPE and

Antenna
eNode B side, despite 1200km/h ultra-high
Portal/AAA
LTE ATG LTE EPC
BRAS
velocity.
Sites

Internet

eNB1 eNB2

Highlights
HIGHLIGHTS
 Adaptive tracking and compensation algorithm for large Doppler frequency offset @ 1200km/h velocity.
 Customized design for random access to cell with radius of 200km and velocity of 1200km/h.
 Super cell technology to mitigate interference and minimize handover.
 Remote device management of LTE CPE.

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Enjoy 4G in the Airplane with ATG Solution

•Beijing –> Chengdu  On Feb 8th, 2016, Spring Festival Gala live broadcasted on
an Air China flight.
•Distance: 1700km

•Max Speed: >1200km/h  On Apr 16th, 2014, Flight CA116 of Air China—— the world’s
first Ground-Air broadband application based on 4G technology
•BS quantity: 12 with entire technical support provided by ZTE.

•Bandwidth: 5M
 ZTE has deployed ATG solution across the U.S. to provide
services for Aircell's customers since 2007.
•DL Throughput: 30~35M

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Agenda

Part III
Efficiency
①Cloud Radio - Decrease Inter-cell Interference of LTE Network

Severe Interference in LTE - Enhanced CoMP

Very Good at Cell Center, Cell Edge QoE is
Poor at Cell Edge obviously improved

OFDM
HetNet
Dense Cell

ZTE TM Solution can efficiently

Over 50% Performance Problems
in LTE network decrease cell interference, improve cell-edge user
are caused by Interference throughput.

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Cloud Radio - User Experience Improvement with Any Backhaul

For any network type Benefits of Cloud Radio

Throughput(Mbps)
Without JR

Throughput(Mbps)
Without CS
20~% Increase With JR 40~% Increase With CS
 Distributed or Centralized
Deployment
50~% Increase 100~% Increase
 HomoNet or HetNet
Cell Average Cell Edge Cell Average Cell Edge
For any LTE Terminals Throughput Throughput
10MHz, 2-Sector CoMP
Throughput Throughput
10MHz, 2-Sector CoMP

 R8/R9 Compatibility
 Improved Cell Edge Experiences (10MHz LTE BW)
UL: cell edge 50% / cell average 20%
For any backhaul
DL : cell edge 100% / cell average 40%
 For almost any backhaul
 Relaxed requirements on bandwidth & delay
transmission
 Industry leader & best solution BW: 50Mbps << 3GPP.
Delay: 8ms >> 3GPP.

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18
②Magic Radio – the Magic of Maximizing Spectrum Utilization

GSM Successful GSM

LTE commercial LTE

UMTS
deployment

Inefficiency of spectral utilization

between GSM, UMTS & LTE 2014 2015 2016

Spectrum Efficiency Improvement >100%

100%

More than Magic

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Magic Radio 1.0 – Flexible GSM/LTE Spectrum Allocation
20M@1800MHz
GSM
GSM LTE GSM LTE BW
LTE GSM + LTE
Static Configuration
5.8 M 5M 5.8M 5M
DFA + GL Band-in Spectrum Overlay 5M 10 M 5M
10M
DFA + GL Band-in Spectrum Overlay + GL DBE 2.5 M 15 M 2.5 M

GL Band-in Spectrum Overlay + GL CSS 2.5M 15M 2.5 M 15M

Magic Radio 1.0 has been successfully Verified in Field Network

May, 2015 Aug, 2015 Nov, 2015 Dec, 2015

Dynamic Frequency GSM/LTE Dynamic GSM/LTE Band-in GSM/LTE Collaborated

Allocation Bandwidth Extension Spectrum Overlay Spectrum Scheduling
Achieve the same
capacity with only 65%
More GSM spectrum >40% spectrum
>50% spectrum while not affecting LTE
spectrum resource. efficiency improvement efficiency improvement
performance

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20
Magic Radio 2.0 – Extending to UMTS and LTE

Spectrum Sharing between UMTS&LTE Intra-LTE Spectrum Sharing

UMTS/LTE
Single Carrier Configuration • Without capacity loss
Dynamic sharing UMTS Non-standard BW can be configured as
LTE
spectrum
• High BW utilization
standard BW
LTE 5MHz
Traffic Load Based 100KHz 150KHz 150KHz 100KHz
25RB
Dynamic spectrum sharing
4.8MHz Available
• Spectrum sharing between UMTS and LTE can be implemented
in U/L reframing scenario 25RB
LTE
• When UMTS low traffic load, part of UMTS spectrum can be
Multi-Carrier Configuration • No capacity loss
dynamically used as LTE spectrum to improve spectrum
Less BW can be configured as one non- • Flexible BW configuration
utilization
UMT standard BW plus one standard BW • Higher spectrum efficiency
• Achieving co-frequency UMTS/LTE S
LTE 12.5MHz
neighbor cell configuration with less LTE 50RB PDSCH
interference and higher capacity 9.4M in use 15RB PDSCH
100KHz
Gurad Band LTE 3MHz

Magic Than MAGIC

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③Virtual 6 Sectors - Enhance Network Capacity and Coverage
3 Sectors---->Traditional 6 sectors

Virtual 6 sectors
65º18dBi 33º21dBi

SDMA
2CP merge

Advantages Disadvantage

 Improve cell radius about 20% and site
coverage area about 50% for new site
 Increase 60% single site capacity
 Serious interference ,worse coverage quality D-MIMO
 Heavy impact on network planning and SDMA
optimization. PCI and neighbor planning
 Super cell , two physical cells combine into one and form a 3 sector structure
become more complex
 Capacity improvement by D-MIMO and SDMA
 Handover rate rise

Applicable to single site deployment Applicable to large-scale deployment

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D-MIMO&SDMA Improve the Capacity of Virtual 6 Sectors
capacity gain contrast
virtual 6  2 sectors combined Super Cell D-MIMO &SDMA
2*2
0.4 virtual 6 sectors+TM
sectors+TM 9+SDMA+D-  CP Non-overlap Area: 2*2 MIMO, SDMA
0.3 3/4+SDMA, MIMO
 CP Overlap Area: 4*2/4*4MIMO, D-MIMO
TM9 4*4 virtual 6 15% 40%
0.2 3 sectors sectors
0 0  Gains vary depending on terminal type
0.1
2*2
0  Smooth upgrade to 4T4R

Test Scenario
 CP: 2 antenna RRU
 UE:TM9 4*4, ZTE self-developed UE

 D-MIMO on: UE single peak throughput reached 245Mbps

 SDMA+D-MIMO on: 3UE total average 220+ Mbps

 Capacity gain: 40% Data Sources: ShenZhen outfield test

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④256QAM – Improving Spectrum Efficiency
256QAM Availability
@50% Neighbor cell load

20%

10%
<5%

SINR>18dB(MCS>20) SINR>20dB(MCS>23) SINR>22dB(MCS>25)

30%
Peak Throughput
UE Requirement
Improvement
R12 UE System
Throughput
Application Scenario
• Hotspot and indoor

64QAM 256QAM
• Good channel condition with high SINR
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Agenda

Part IV
Experience
①Carrier Aggregation – Higher Throughput, Better Experience

Single Carrier -> 2CC CA -> 3CC CA -> 5CC CA & more
RRU 1.8G RRU1.8G + 2.1G
 CA supported by BBU with no additional requirements on RRU
 Hardware-ready for all CA – software upgrade only
150Mbps
BBU  CA support with macro, micro & pico cell, anywhere you need
BBU

Single carrier in initial phase Multi CA in later phase

FDD/TDD 5CC-CA + 4*4 MIMO Demo in MWC: 1.3+ Gbps CA supported in all RRUs
FDD FDD FDD TDD TDD Macro Micro Qcell
1.8G 1.8G 2.1G 3.5G 3.5G

Powered by
just one BBU
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Carrier Aggregation in Cloud – More Flexible Deployment

Cloud CA(Centralized) Cloud CA(Distributed)

EPC
IP Network
IP Network
EPC

Switch

IBP2000
S1 S1
XC
XC

Xc: Inter-BBU Coordinated Data

S1 /X2 S1 /X2
Switch

Room for BBUs centralized deployment

X2 Interface : Include Inter-BBU Coordinated Data

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②eVoLTE - Brings Enhanced and Evolved VoLTE Performance

eVoLTE

Cloud Architecture

Better User Experience Smooth Evolution

25%
Enhanced KPI E2E Convenient OAM
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eVoLTE - Comprehensive Features for RAN

• TTI Bundling • Active grant per 40ms for • SPS • SPS Power Saving
• RoHC VoLTE in uplink • Active Delay Scheduling • Long DRX
• Inter-eNB JR based on relax • PUCCH resource allocate • DRX configuration • VoLTE DRX
transmission delay (Voice) adjustment optimization
• ECN/ECN-A • Frequency selective
scheduling based on NI
• Init target BLER could be
adjusted for QCI=1
• Inactive Timer for QCI=1
service

COVERAGE QUALITY CAPACITY BATTERY

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eVoLTE - More Profits and Lower TCO by Improving KPI

More Subscriptions Fewer Sites Better Performance

+1.15%
98.85%
100% - 1%
3.21s 3.17s

Call Setup Success Rate Call Setup Delay

Traditional +11%
4.01 - 0.54%
3.61
0.54%
0%
MOS Call Drop Rate

300 +1%
- 67%
eVoLTE 99% 100%
100

eSRVCC Success Delay eSRVCC Success Rate

+ 50% Users - 20% Sites 25% Improved

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③Video Optimization

Quality Assessment Network Planning Total Solution User Experience

 No systematic  Network planning  Everything included:  Video streaming user
assessment mechanism targeting at video RAN, CN, transmission experience can be
is no good start optimization and service platform greatly improved only
by implementing a
 ZTE’s comprehensive  Requirements analysis,  At RAN and CN: TCP good quality
system of quality modeling, acceleration & CDN assessment system,
assessment sets the implementation & tests closer to RAN tailored network
solid ground of video planning, plus the total
optimization solution.

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31
Video Optimization - Scheduling Optimization for Streaming
Principle
 Video traffic has high priority
during the initial playing
phase
 GBR scheduling is used
during the stable playing
phase

Smooth Video Playing

During video initial playing phase, higher priority and
Reduce Initial waiting time
more RB is given to video traffic in order to:
Better View Experience
• Reduce initial buffering time
• Guarantee the smoothness of video playing
• Reduce the number of stalling
• Better experience

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④TCP Optimization - Better User Experience in RAN
TCP Optimization
 TCP Optimization
 TCP packet re-ordered
 Maximizing uplink and downlink TCP traffic
 TCP ACK split
 TCP RTT Optimization

Test Result
TCP RTT Average RSRP DL_PDCP_Tput DL_L1_Tput
Position Optimization (dBm) (kbps) (kbps)
No Sequence
Open -77.5888 89351 90054.5
Near point
Close -76.3195 86874.6 87605.3
Medium Open -95.1096 70564.5 71052.9
point Close -98.7974 65170 65634.2
Open -110.422 32803.8 33010.6 TCP packet re-ordered
Far point
Close -113.283 32374.4 32583.4

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33
Agenda

Part V
Future
①Ultra Dense Network Improves the Network Capacity

Based On Existing Network Architecture Increasing Flow Density

Pre5G UDN
[ Ultra Dense Network ]

> 10X Gain

Before After

User experience oriented

R8/R9 Terminal
• Stable user experience
Compatible
• Seamless handover

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35
②Massive CA to Extend the Peak Rate

FDD C1 FDD C2

CA
Massive
FDD C1 FDD C2 TDD C1 FDD/
Carrier Aggregation TDD
CA
Licensed Unlicensed

LAA

xGbps
Up to 32 Carriers Aggregation
Massive
CA

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36
③NB-IoT to Connect Everything

Characteristics
Broad coverage
Massive Number of devices
Lowest possible cost

Enhanced power efficiency Low throughput

Low mobility

Scenarios

Smart homes Environment Agritech Wearable Smart Logistics Smart cities

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37
④D2D Makes the Communication More Direct

Device to Device Communication

Local Social Network

Location Based
In Coverage
D2D
Promotion

Out of Coverage
D2D
Emergency
• Spectrum Efficiency Improvement
• Better User Experience
Communication
• More applicable scenarios

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38
⑤V2X Makes the World Safer and More Efficient

High Reliability
Monitoring and Control System

Vehicle Low Latency Requirement

Immanent
System
V2V
High Speed Communication

D2D
LTE
IEEE802.11p

Public Mobile Network

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39
 Experience

Future

Convergence Efficiency

Coverage
Trainer: ZHU LONGMING
E-mail: zhu.longming@zte.com.cn
Department: Wireless Product @ZTE CORPORATION
Address: Shenzhen, China

Thank you