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 National Social Security Strategy (NSSS)
The Government of Bangladesh has a strong interest in reducing poverty, as outlined in Vision
2021, the Perspective Plan 2010-2021 and the Sixth and Seventh Five-Year Plans. The
Government recognizes that although there has been encouraging reduction of poverty–from
56.7 percent in 1991-92 to 48.9 percent in 2000 to 31.5 percent in 2010 to an estimated 25
percent in 2015–there is still a substantial proportion of the population who are poor. This is
due to vulnerabilities and risks the extreme poor face, which places them firmly on the lower
rungs of the socio-economic ladder. Impoverished people are vulnerable to shocks such as
illness, unemployment, loss of assets, natural disasters, political crises and global recession,
pushing them further into the abyss of poverty.

People are exposed to various kinds of shocks and stresses defined by stages in the life cycle.
During early childhood, lack of nutrition has an impact on bodily and cognitive development;
there is strong correlation between inter-generational poverty and malnutrition. As children
grow, a major challenge they face is attending school. Lack of skills and educational
opportunities of adolescents predestines young people to low income earning activities.
Women suffer traditional attitudes of gender norms and have weak bargaining power, making
them susceptible to crises throughout the life-cycle. Disability carries a high probability of
affecting both household income and expenditure through reduced livelihoods opportunities
and increased medical costs. Old age is associated with escalating health costs and lack of
income source.

The country has a range of socially excluded population groups facing various kinds of
discrimination and barriers. Social exclusion keeps people poor and, conversely, poverty
contributes to and exacerbates social exclusion. To ensure that socially excluded groups have
similar access as the rest of the population to all social security programmes and to all
publicly provided basic services is a major agenda item. At the same time, the Government is
aware that special efforts will be needed to reach members of excluded groups. This will
involve removing structural barriers, being responsive to special needs and expanding the
opportunities marginalised groups can access. There is also significant room for improving the
effectiveness of Government programmes and services in reaching out to marginalised and
excluded groups.

Climate change poses new vulnerabilities to a land already burdened with disasters. Rapid
urbanization has also led to new challenges. The urban poor live in slums and low income
settlement areas, have poor quality of life and do not have access to housing, basic utility
services, education and health services.

Currently, there are 145 social safety net programmes; implemented by 23 line ministries,
spending Tk. 308 billion (FY 2014-15), accounting for 13% of the Government budget, at a
level of 2% of GDP. Some programmes overlap and are considered too small to make any
real headway in reducing poverty. Against the backdrop above, the Government of
Bangladesh embarked upon the formulation of a comprehensive National Social Security
Strategy (NSSS) to coordinate and consolidate the existing safety net programmes to achieve
better efficiency and results from the money that is being allocated.

The Government’s Social Security Strategy is part of policies and programmes that comprise
the Social Development Framework. This forms a wider umbrella incorporating the
Government poverty reduction strategy and strategies on education, health, nutrition,
sanitation and water supply, financial inclusion, women and gender empowerment, social
inclusion of ethnic and religious minorities, disaster management and social security. Social
security for citizens is mandated by the Article 15 (d) of the Constitution of Bangladesh as “the
provision of basic necessities”, including ensuring citizens’ right to “social security”.

The long term vision of the National Social Security Strategy is to: “Build an inclusive Social
Security System for all deserving Bangladeshis that effectively tackles and prevents poverty
and inequality and contributes to broader human development, employment and economic
growth.”

Over the next five years, the goal for the National Social Security Strategy is to: “Reform the
national Social Security System by ensuring more efficient and effective use of resources,
strengthened delivery systems and progress towards a more inclusive form of Social Security
that effectively tackles lifecycle risks, prioritises the poorest and most vulnerable members of
society.” In tandem, also the Seventh Five-Year Plan FY2016-2020 emphasizes the need to
reform and strengthen social security programmes in favour of the extreme poor.

The core of the strategy is a consolidation of programmes that will address possible risk factors
of a human life cycle. An expansion of schemes for the extreme poor, marginalized and most
vulnerable people of the society will focus on mother and child, youth, working age, the
elderly and people with disabilities. The NSSS will ensure that the most vulnerable women are
provided with income security and greater opportunities to engage in the labour market, in
particular as they enter into motherhood. Furthermore, the strategy will initiate a social
insurance system that would enable people to invest in their own social security, providing
protection against the risks of old age, disability, social exclusion, unemployment and
maternity.

'The Social Security Policy Support Programme (SSPS)' will assist the roll-out of the strategy.
The programme is being implemented by the Cabinet Division and General Economics
Division, Planning Commission, Government of the People's Republic of Bangladesh in
partnership with UNDP and DFID.