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All content following this page was uploaded by Timothy O Adekunle on 03 May 2018.
Date submitted for review: March 2018. This work was supported as part of K.A. Tabet Aoul is with the United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box
a Ph.D. Research Fellowship by the United Arab Emirates University. 15551, Al Ain, UAE. (e-mail: kheira.anissa@uaeu.ac.ae).
D.E. Attoye is with the United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, A. Hassan is with the United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 15551, Al
Al Ain, UAE (e-mail: 201590088@uaeu.ac.ae). Ain, UAE. (e-mail: ahmed.hassan@uaeu.ac.ae).
T.O. Adekunle is with the University of Hartford, 200 Bloomfield Avenue
West Hartford, CT 06117 (email: adekunle@hartford.edu)
2
b.
3. External Devices/Accessories
Sunshades and sunscreens, spandrels, balconies parapets, elements
of visual and acoustic shielding [5]
c.
Figure 1: BIPV in the building envelope 4. Advanced/Innovative Envelope Systems
Source: Ref. [37] Such as double skin façades, active skins, rotating or moving façade
parts, etc. [3]
Table 1 shows various representative examples of BIPV façade
integration. The importance of these examples is to show the
design adaptability and opportunities with BIPV. It also
presents a guide for enhancing an understanding of its
materiality and multi-functionality. The latter part of the paper
explained various concepts for the development of the
educative-communication model. d.
a. Curtain Wall of Hanergy Office, Guangdong, China; showing
A. BIPV Barriers BIPV cladding; b. The glazing of KTH Executive School AB,
From the findings of several studies stated earlier, six broad Sweden; showing glazing with spaced solar cells for daylighting
categories of barriers have been identified. Each of these and view; c. Shading devices on Kingsgate House London, UK;
barriers embodies a unique set of challenges to BIPV adoption; showing vertical polycrystalline; d. Innovative façade of Hanergy
a further explanation of each barrier category is presented as Headquarters, Beijing, China; showing innovative “dragon scale”
listed below. arrangement of BIPV modules
1) Educational barriers 2) Product barriers
Lack of sufficient technical knowledge by architect [22] Lack of products suitable for quality building integration
Few certified BIPV contractors available [24] [22].
Poor public understanding and cost perceptions of BIPV Need to improve overall aesthetics and allow for
[25] customization of appearance [22].
3
important to state that any framework or model must meet the form and the 3Pillars of sustainability. The concept leads to a
requirements highlighted in the definitions. For this paper, the comparison of the four (4) components of the BIPV-PV-Solar-
study agrees that for BIPV, the framework for research and Renewable chain with the Environmental-Economic-Social
market proposals must satisfy the crucial requirements for the Pillars. In this comparison, BIPV technology/proposal/project/
pillars of sustainability. Also, the integration of the pillars for is discussed at each level of its hierarchy based on associated
development of a framework must provide a truly sustainable environmental, social or economic benefits. Added to the model
design or development that will make the world a better place. is the design dimension to simulate the intrinsic architectural
orientation of BIPV. Fig. 4 below shows the color-coded
matrix, and the discussion section summarizes the practicality
B. BIPV Triple Advantage and Hierarchy of Form of the matrix in operation.
A descriptive understanding of BIPV viz-a-viz, a structural Each cell in the matrix corresponds to the required information
breakdown of its constituents, has been suggested [44]. at each level of the BIPV Hierarchy based on its 3P benefits.
Reference is made to the elemental and compositional The grid format selected assists in a structured and systematic
dimensions; the former relates to specifics such as the cell approach to present the facts required to justify the
technology, cells shape, module design, and arrangement. The project/proposal objectives and benefits.
latter refers to the building function and type of product. The
descriptive model provides a holistic understanding of BIPV is IV. DISCUSSION
here proposed to encompass the hierarchy of BIPV origins and The developed matrix is divided into a set of rows and columns
form. to communicate the proposal/project idea. The information
To state succinctly, the hierarchical composition of BIPV contained by detailing the 3P section of BIPV hierarchy 1 to 3
relates to it first as a building component, next as type of PV (i.e., Renewable, Solar and Photovoltaic aspects) is similar for
technology; then as a strategy which harnesses solar energy to all projects (Cells 1 to 12). However, discussing it in context
generate electricity. Solar energy is itself a renewable source of can be different and potentially presents better relevance and
energy which assists to reduce the use of non-renewables and aids understanding. For example, based on regional policies,
stem the rate of global environmental pollution. The idea Renewable Energy (BIPV Hierarchy 1) has economic benefits
portrays a wider perspective of what BIPV represents and may (Cell 2). As such, this information will differ for projects in
help to appreciate its relevance to society and facilitate its separate geographical locations and consequently impact the
adoption. Fig. 3 shows a diagrammatic illustration of the BIPV- contents of the matrix. BIPV Hierarchy 4 (cell 13-16) is the core
PV-Solar-Renewable chain. of the proposal, and the 3P outline should be discussed at two
levels; firstly the benefits of BIPV as an energy source and
secondly, as a building component.
Solar
Renewable Photovoltaics BIPV To aid better understanding the Matrix, the crucial information
Energy
required for communicating a BIPV project proposal for the
sixteen cells has been outlined below. The list of suggested
contents is aligned with the 3P columns on the Matrix.
Figure 3: BIPV Hierarchy of Form However, this is a guide not an exhaustive list to justify the
Source: Authors proposal. Similar questions should be developed to facilitate
contextual and holistic potentials based on unique
C. Unified BIPV-3P Matrix characteristics of the proposal.
The final stage of the model development is an integrated
matrix which presents a juxtaposition of the BIPV hierarchy of
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