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Table 3.1
• Decreased Consumption of products
• Resource Recovery
• Reduction of toxicity
• Awareness
On site Processing and Collection
Key Concepts
• resource recovery to generate less waste
• hazard reduction
• separation of different fractions of waste
Process description
Significance
• On site processing is one of the most effective and sustainable
ways to achieve resource
recovery.
• Biodegradable materials
• Hazardous materials
Problem: Effect of home recovery on Energy content
of Collected Solid Waste
• Problem 3.1: Using the typical percentage distribution data given in Table 2.12
(Chapter 2), estimate the energy of the remaining solid wastes if 80 per cent of the
cardboard, 70 per cent of the paper and 90 per cent of wood is recovered by the
homeowner
Implementation of source reduction
and on-site processing
• competence of waste generators
• motivation of waste generators
• economic incentives
• convenience
• environmental education
• legislation.
Calculation of Source Reduction
Source reduction for a given period of time
involves the following formula:
• Source reduction=(projected waste generation
at a given time) – ( actual waste generation at
that time)
• For a small community, this can be measured
by conducting a survey at the source of waste
generation for a given period of time.
• For nationwide information, the estimate
generally involves the calculation of the
On site Storage
On-site storage
Influenced by a number of factors
• type of storage containers used
• location of storage containers
• public health and aesthetics
• availability of resources for waste
management
• available methods for waste collection and
further transportation.
Storage Containers
Table 3.3: Typical storage containers for waste
used in industrialized countries
• Fixed enclosures
• Fixed Depots
• Fixed storage bins
• Demountable
• Concrete pipe sections
• Drums
Design of Storage Containers
General Considerations
• Nature of Waste
• Capacity Margin
• Compatibility
• Standardization
• Efficiency
• Convenience
• Public health and aesthetic
• Social
Size of Storage Containers
• The size of a storage container can be
calculated using the following simple equation
3.5.
Size of storage container = (N X G X F) / D +
capacity margin (3.5)
Where,
N = number of population served (nos, cap);
G = average rate of waste generation
(kg/cap/day);