International Journal of Innovations & Advancement in Computer Science
IJIACS
Smart Border Monitoring System-A Survey
Biswarup Deb
Dept. of CSE & IT
Assam Don Bosco University
Guwahati, India
Bishal Das
Dept. of CSE & IT
Assam Don Bosco University
Guwahati, India
Abstract: Increasing tensions across Indian borders with
intruders crossing the border and analyzing the previous
attack in our country, it is evident that in most of the
cases security forces are unaware of the entry of these
intruders. Therefore seeing the problem we need a
system to deal with border problem which would be
capable of working in hilly terrains, where there is no
power. The paper deals with detection and locating of
the intruders crossing the border using PIR sensor and
camera when there is any unwanted change across
border the sensor immediately sense and camera will
streamline the images to the base station (BS) and
depending on the instruction coming from BS, sensor will
either activate the camera for further streamlining or
make it off. The paper aim in providing a system that will
help Border Security Force (BSF) in controlling all kind
of illegal moments near the border in a better and
precise way.
Keyword: Smart, Internet of Things (IoT), Base Station
(BS), Sensor
I. INTRODUCTION
Smart border security system is an innovative idea
to secure our frontiers smartly without the
intervention of human. It gives not only safeguard
to our country but also saves energy and resource at
the same time. Smart border security system is not
only identified any intruder but also update the also
keep on reporting all the activities happening near
the area. Due to large and hazardous area of border,
it becomes difficult to engage security force all the
time. Even to protect the country from outside
attacker, it must to monitor the border constantly. It
involves lots of manpower and resources. By
looking the importance of securing the border,
implementation of smart border monitoring system
168 Biswarup Deb, Bishal Das, Ankita Paul, Bobby Sharma
ISSN 2347 – 8616
Volume 7, Issue 3
March 2018
Ankita Paul
Dept. of CSE & IT
Assam Don Bosco University
Guwahati, India
Bobby Sharma
Dept. of CSE & IT
Assam Don Bosco University
is very essential. It involves technical issues and
application of proper algorithm so that any intrusion
detected in the border can easily be transmitted and
take necessary action. Proper application of the
system may help Border Security Force (BSF) to
control those activities in a better and more precise
way.
WSN
Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a kind of
wireless network which has a set of autonomous
nodes connected with sensors. Sensor collects data
from the environment and accordingly data are
sending to base station (BS) for further processing.
In [5], author mentioned that long lasting WSN
motivates the user for accepting Free Space Optics
(FSO) link along with radio frequency (RF) link for
communication.
In [6] authors mentioned that WSNs have become a
leading solution in many applications including
intrusion
Detection, target tracking, industrial automation,
smart building, and smart surveillance and so on.
These networks are suitable for hard to reach area.
Sensor nodes are also concerned about energy.
Some of the energy is also consumed in MAC layer
due to Network functionality. Author also proposed
about cross-layer protocols as a concept that leads
to benefit from the network resources as well as
prolonging network lifetime.
In [7], the concept of WSN has been explained in
terms of micro-electro-mechanical systems
 International Journal of Innovations & Advancement in Computer Science
technology, wireless communication system and
digital electronics. Author also reviews the
properties by which WSN can be signified.
Figure 1: Wireless Sensor Network
PIR Sensor
Pyroelectric Infrared (PIR) Sensor is a kind of
sensor is a kind of sensor which is basically used to
detect motion of an abject based on thermal
radiation falls on it. Every living object emits some
radiations from it. PIR sensors consist of two IR-
sensitive elements with opposite polarization.
During the idle state both the slots in the sensor
detect same amount of IR radiation.
As and when warm object like human or animal
comes towards the sensing area it results in a
positive differential change in output of PIR sensor.
When the warm body leaves the sensing area, the
sensor generates a negative differential change. The
motion of an object can be understood from the
change of pulse [8][9]. It passively accepts infrared
radiation (IR) coming out of an object.
Applications of PIR sensor are vast due to its low
cost [9].
Internet of Things (IoT)
The concept of IoT has been evolved in the year
2000. But now concept of IoT is to connect
different objects together. It may be from industrial
equipments to household chores even some living
organism including plants, farm animals and people.
In IoT, physical environment is observed by the
different sensors connected. Collected and
processed data will be communicated over an IP
network [10].
169 Biswarup Deb, Bishal Das, Ankita Paul, Bobby Sharma
IJIACS
ISSN 2347 – 8616
Volume 7, Issue 3
March 2018
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
Border security is considered as one of the critical
task for a country. It involves lots of resources,
communications, intelligence and coordination.
Being one of the largest country, India has a very
large boarder of around 15,106.7 km along the side
of China, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Bhutan and
Myanmar. Due to hazardous and comple border
structure, it becomes difficult to manage and secure
the boarder.
It gives a thought to implement smart border
security system in which without much human
intervention, boarder can be secured. Anything
unwanted happened in border can be realised at any
point of time.
It involves effective communication, prompt
services, data security etc. It not only protects a
country from external attackers but also reduce
illegal immigration, terrorism, illegal migration,
smuggling etc.
Various guarding forces of India including BSF,
AR, ITBP, SSB etc, are responsible for securing
India-Pakistan boarder, India-Bangladesh borders,
India-China border, India-Nepal, India-Bhutan
borders etc.
Above all the Central board of Excise carries the
regular patrolling duty to recognise illegal entry.
Along with that security forces use modern
equipments like night vision devices, unattended
ground sensors , handheld thermal imagers etc. To
better understanding of illegal entry.
Specially for Indian Boarder area, Technology
intervention includes sophistication and
mobilisation of different equipments, weapons,
vehicles and other relevant materials. It also
involves Surveillance and communication.
Though different biometric approaches including
fingerprint, photograph etc. are considered as smart
ways of identifying different people, still
implementation of such methods in hard to reach
areas of border is not possible. In such situations, it
requires some automated system by which it can
easily identify the illegal objects and notify the user
accordingly.
In [1], authors approached to detect the obstacle as
human or animal at border itself by analyzing the
sound of footsteps produced by human. This system
has the capability of detecting the obstacle as
human or animal at border itself by analyzing the
 International Journal of Innovations & Advancement in Computer Science
IJIACS
ISSN 2347 – 8616
Volume 7, Issue 3
March 2018

sound of footsteps produced by human .This paper
shows the system has several nodes which are
interconnected with each other and finally they are
connected to the main node. The concept of using
node increases its overall range , but this project
also suffers a major disadvantage that if obstacle do
not enter with footsteps then it may fail to detect
also this project cost is very high because of the
number of nodes connected with each other.
Features identified in this system are as follows,
a. WINS is used for identify a stranger or
some terrorists entering the border.
b. It provides a facility of monitoring of land,
water, air resources on global scale
In [2], authors proposed a system in which artificial
neural networks (ANN) is used along with WSN for
border detection. Main objective of use of ANN
along with WSN is to identify the pattern depending
on trained data set and accordingly predict the type
of intrusion. Distribution of nodes is done in such a
way that it can understand the presence of intruder
along the boarder. Use of light and sound sensors
helps the network to detect intrusion with high
probability.The main feature extracted from this
system is that using light sensor and sound sensor
can detect instruction.
LDR based system has been proposed in [3]. LDR
(Light depended resistor) used to detect the amount
of light falling on it and with the help of Laser
beam. To detect the amount of light falling on it and
with the help of Laser beam which are placed at
three different known distances we can detect the
Obstacle. The laser light has special property that it
can produce continuous beam of invisible light with
intake intensity of light in a large area. This
property of laser beam can be utilized to detect
obstacle from distant. By placing the three laser
beam continuously falling on LDR surface. When a
person or object wants to cross the border, sensor
detects it due to discontinuity of light on the surface
of LDR. Accordingly it sends signal to
microcontroller. Main feature extracted in this paper
is that LDR surface sensor detects the obstacle and
it sends a signal to the microcontroller to detect
human in border.
Use of Pyroelectric Infrared (PIR) sensors has been
mentioned in [4] for Intrusion Detection system.
Use of PIR sensor has been seen in many
applications including home security, smart office
etc. These sensors are mostly used to detect the
movement of the objects.
It is also mentioned that proposed system can detect
vehicles, human, animals etc. Apart from counting
and detecting object being several tens of meters
away, it is also able to understand the difference of
objects by extracting their features depending on
time and frequency domain.

III. ANALYSIS
.Sl.No. Main topic Approached used Details Identified features Smartness level
1 A Review on detecting the this system has the capability a. WINS is used for Not Clear
Security of Border obstacle as human or of detecting the obstacle as detecting objects entered
Using WINS animal at border human or animal at border through border.
itself by analyzing itself by analyzing the sound b. it provides a facility
the sound of of footsteps produced by of monitoring of land, air,
footsteps produced human water resources on global scale
by human
2 Advanced Border Securing border by Idea is to generate pattern Using light sensor and sound Not Clear
Intrusion Detection implementing and train ANN to discover sensor can detect instruction.
and Surveillance artificial neural the
Using Wireless networks along with intrusion
Sensor WSN

3 Smart Security LDR(Light depended to detect the amount of light a) LDR surface sensor Not Clear
System resistor) used to falling on it and with the help detects the obstacle and
detect the amount of of Laser beam which are b) It sends a signal to
light falling on it and placed at three different the microcontroller detect
with the help of known distance we can detect human in border.
Laser beam the Obstacle
4 Intrusion Detection Pyroelectric Infrared pyroelectric Infrared (PIR) Objects can be distinguished by Not Clear
using Passive (PIR) sensors sensors are vastly used to extracting their features
Infrared Sensor(PIR) detect movement of objects, depending on time and
specially used for home frequency domain.
security system.

170 Biswarup Deb, Bishal Das, Ankita Paul, Bobby Sharma

 International Journal of Innovations & Advancement in Computer Science
IV. CONCLUSION
This paper presents an idea to know about the
implementation of sensors to secure the border in a
simple and more reliable way. Various features
extracted from different papers lead us to think for
an advanced but smart border security system to
do some good towards the nation and for our
Indian soldiers that are working day and night just
to protect us from hazardous situation which is
planned by terrorist. Keeping this view in mind,
we are going to propose a new Smart Border
Monitoring System which is supposed to be simple
but smart enough and it covers a large area in such
a way that it can be free from illegal entries,
intruder’s movement, smuggling and other
unauthorised activities.
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IJIACS
ISSN 2347 – 8616
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March 2018
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