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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION .....................................................................................................................4
ABOUT THE BOOK..................................................................................................................................................... 4
Umdatul Fiqh ..................................................................................................................................................... 4
His other books .................................................................................................................................................. 4
ABOUT THE AUTHOR - IBN QUDAMAH (RAH) ............................................................................................................. 4
CHAPTER 2: THE BOOK OF ZAKAH ............................................................................................................5
MEANING OF ZAKAH ................................................................................................................................................. 5
Linguistic ........................................................................................................................................................... 5
Technical ........................................................................................................................................................... 5
WAJIB (MUST BE PAID) ............................................................................................................................................. 5
It is mentioned 3 times individually.................................................................................................................. 5
Importance of Zakah ......................................................................................................................................... 5
WISDOMS OF ZAKAH ................................................................................................................................................. 6
Did Zakah exist before us? ................................................................................................................................. 6
Zakah vs Sadaqah .............................................................................................................................................. 6
Implications before implementing Zakah .......................................................................................................... 7
Understand Zakah ............................................................................................................................................. 7
Punishments for abandoning Zakah .................................................................................................................. 7
EVERY FREE MUSLIM................................................................................................................................................ 7
Categories of People who refuses Zakah .......................................................................................................... 7
Slaves are exempted from obligation of Zakah ................................................................................................ 8
Disbelievers are exempted ................................................................................................................................ 8
COMPLETE OWNERSHIP ............................................................................................................................................... 8
MUST HAVE REACHED THE NISAAB ................................................................................................................................. 8
HAWL ....................................................................................................................................................................... 9
Exceptions .......................................................................................................................................................... 9
ZAKATABLE WEALTH ................................................................................................................................................. 10
#1 Free-grazing, domesticated livestock ......................................................................................................... 10
Exceptions ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 10
#2 What is produced or extracted from the land ............................................................................................. 10
#3 Silver and Gold (As-Simaan) ........................................................................................................................ 11
#4 Merchandise prepared for Sale (Amwal Al-Urud) ....................................................................................... 11
ZAKAT THRESHOLD ................................................................................................................................................... 11
CHAPTER 3: ZAKAH ON FREE GRAZING LIVESTOCK ........................................................................................ 12
CAMELS .................................................................................................................................................................. 12
Examples .......................................................................................................................................................... 12
Masalatu Ishreena dirham ............................................................................................................................... 12
COWS .................................................................................................................................................................... 13
Examples .......................................................................................................................................................... 13
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GOATS & SHEEP ..................................................................................................................................................... 13
Example ............................................................................................................................................................ 13
What cannot be given as Zakah? ..................................................................................................................... 13
SOME GENERAL RULINGS ON ZAKAH ON LIVESTOCK ................................................................................................. 14
Joint ownership ................................................................................................................................................ 15
CHAPTER 4: ZAKAH ON THAT WHICH COMES OUT OF THE EARTH .................................................................. 16
PLANTS ................................................................................................................................................................... 16
Characteristics of Zakatable plants .................................................................................................................. 16
Farmer’s effort vs. Natural irrigation ............................................................................................................... 16
When and how to give Zakah?......................................................................................................................... 17
METALS .................................................................................................................................................................. 17
CHAPTER 5: ZAKAH OF CURRENCY ................................................................................................................ 19
TYPES OF ZAKATABLE CURRENCY ................................................................................................................................. 19
NISAB AND ZAKAH ................................................................................................................................................... 19
PURITY OF GOLD/SILVER............................................................................................................................................ 19
JEWELRY FOR PERSONAL USE AND LENDING................................................................................................................... 20
Is it allowed to rent out Gold and Silver? ......................................................................................................... 20
CHAPTER 6: ZAKAH OF DEBT......................................................................................................................... 21
IS ZAKAH APPLICABLE ON DEBT? .................................................................................................................................. 21
NON RECOVERABLE DEBT/BRIDAL GIFT ........................................................................................................................ 21
DEBTORS................................................................................................................................................................. 22
CHAPTER 7: ZAKAH ON MERCHANDISE ......................................................................................................... 23
NISAB OF MERCHANDISE ........................................................................................................................................... 23
Example ............................................................................................................................................................ 23
BETWEEN PERSONAL USE AND MERCHANDISE ............................................................................................................... 23
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Chapter 1: Introduction
Umdatul Fiqh
o Written by Ibn Qudamah, Hanbali Scholar
o Testimony to his fiqh and understanding
o It is one of the simplest of books of Ibn Qudamah made especially for beginners
o Author was selective in his ruling and many rulings found in other books wont be available here to
make it easier for the beginner
o No comparative Fiqh
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Chapter 2: The Book of Zakah
It is called as book though it is part of the book, is because there are several chapter on Zakah
Meaning of Zakah
Linguistic
1. Purity (Taharaah) - Qad Aflah man Zakaaha (Qur’aan 91:9)
2. To grow/increment
Technical
o Worship of Allah through specific rites on specific wealth through specific way in specific time
o Specific is mentioned because it has to meet several conditions to apply to certain individual
Importance of Zakah
o Zakah is the characteristic of the believer
o Zakah is one of the pillars of Islam
o Prophet specified clearly about Zakah on different categories where Zakah applies showing the
importance of Zakah
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o Hadeeth of Mu’adh to Yemen “Once they accept Islam, Salah, they have to give charity (zakah) to
poor”
o In Prophet’s Bayyah, he included Zakah
o Prophet would send collectors of Zakah which shows obligation so it is not a voluntary wealth
o Even the authors of Fiqh discussed Zakah after Salah
Wisdoms of Zakah
1. It purifies us and purifies our wealth
o Purification of wealth means our conduct with our wealth
2. More we are attached to the matters of Dunya, we are less attached to the hereafter and vice versa
3. It is sign of our Eemaan
4. Zakah is a means for unity
o Through Salah, Allah bring both rich and poor in one line 5 times a day
o Through Zakah, Allaah connects Rich with the poor
o Through fasting, we remember the poor
o Through Zakat al Fitr, We remember the poor
o Through Hajj, Allaah brings international community of Rich and poor in one place
Zakah vs Sadaqah
o Both are used synonymously
o In Qur’aan, it comes as 5 times as Sadaqah and 8 times as Sadaqaat (plural)
o It means feeding the poor or expiation
o During Qur’aanic era, Sadaqh meant obligatory charity
o Now, Sadaqah means voluntary charity and Zakah means obligatory charity
o Allaah commanded to take Zakah by using the word Sadaqah in Surah Taubah
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o “Take, [O, Muhammad], from their wealth a charity by which you purify them and cause them
increase, and invoke [ Allah 's blessings] upon them.”(Qur’aan 9:103)
Understand Zakah
o When it is said “It must be paid”, it is the right of the impoverished. Understand, You are in need of
them not they are in need of you
o Zakah is means of building our Jannah.
o If there is nobody who is poor then we cannot practise Zakah. When Allah is keeping their money as
Zakah in bank accounts, it is to test you
o Amount is specified and not open for negotiation
o If a person is not living in an islamic country, then it is on the shoulders of individuals
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o If he refuses and believes it is not obligatory, evidences should be presented to him. If he persists,
he is considered as an apostate
Complete Ownership
o It should not be a lost property like camel
o For example: I have a property and I received the rental payment for whole year right now.
Eventhough person did not utilize the property completely. So I have access to days he used. Only
wealth under your ownership is number of days he spent in your property
1
Wasaq = 60 Sa’ This is a measure of volume than weight. 1 Sa’ = 2.6 to 3 kgs
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Passing of a [Hawl]
There is no zakât on property until an entire hawl
(Islamic/lunar year) has passed, except for that which
comes from the land, and the growth emanating from
capital through birth (as with livestock) or profit. The hawl
of these is that of their origin.
Hawl
o Hawl is one islamic (lunar) year
o Property should be with you for one complete year (Hawl) to become Zakatable
o Ramadan is not a condition but people pay for ease of calculation and payment
o We pay Zakah on complete amount (ie., amount of Nisab + amount above nisab)
o If the harvest is more than 5 awsaq, he has to pay Zakah immediately
Exceptions
As for exception from Hawl, they are
o Agricultural produce (i.e., comes from the land) as Zakah is due at Harvest (Qur’aan 6:141)
o Wealth comes from Capital
o Eg.: Person has 5 camels at beginning of the year and 10 days before Zakat date, these
camels gave birth to many camels, say 60. Zakah is due on all Camels not the passing of
Hawl i.e., their origion
o Eg.: On Ramadan, I have 1000 pounds. On the first of Muharram I invest them. On next
Ramadan, it grow to 5000 pounds. Now, I have to pay Zakah for 5000 pounds. I have to
consider the year of capital for Calculation
o Eg.: Zakah on Salary2 Choose a day in a year when you will pay Zakah. Pay Zakah on that
day on whatever wealth you have which means you pay zakah for all your salary till date.
This is like early payment of Zakah when Zakah is not due upon that wealth (ie., passing of
Hawl)
2
Refer to http://www.islamqa.com/en/26113
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Zakatable Wealth
Zakâtable Wealth
Exceptions
o Eg.: Person having the animals for selling them.
o They are treated as merchandise.
o He has to pay Zakah even he fed the animals
o Eg.: I fed for part of year and part of the year from public pasture.
o If animal is fed for more than 6 months, they are treated as Saaimah.
o If not, they are treated as Maalufa (i.e., fed)
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#3 Silver and Gold (As-Simaan)
o Allah warned people who hoarded Gold and silver by not paying Zakah
Zakat Threshold
Zakât Threshold
There is no zakât applicable upon that types of property that Zakaah is payable
upon until it reaches the nisâb.
If the value reaches or exceeds the nisâb, then zakât is obligatory on the full
amount – except for free grazing, for which there is nothing obligatory on their
‘awqaas’
o There is no Zakah on a number of specific type of cattle owned that lies in between two stipulated
amounts.
o For example, a person having cattle than ranges between 35 and 46 in number3
o This is called as Masalatul Waqs
3
This will be explained in greater detail, InshaAllah
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Chapter 3: Zakah on Free grazing Livestock
This comes from books of Zakah of Abu Bakr and Umar, which are attributed to Prophet. These are further
recorded in Saheeh. People claim it was with Ali and it is not correct
Camels
o Nisab is 5 camels
o If you have 5 camels, you have to pay 1 sheep
o If we have 11 camels, we pay only 2 sheep and 1 is forgiven
o Camel are of two types
One hump
Two humps
Examples
o If a person has 140 camels, He has to pay two Hiqqah (50 + 50) and 1 bint laboon (40 camels)
o If a person has 170 camels, He has to pay one Hiqqah (50) and 3 bint laboon (40 + 40 + 40 camels)
o If a person has 200 camels, He has to pay four Hiqqah (50 + 50 + 50 + 50) Or and 5 bint laboon (40 *
5 camels)
4
This is because She camel gives milk and two year old male camel do not
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Cows
o Cows are called as Bakar in Arabic because it splits the land apart
o It includes buffalos as well
o Zakah on cows is based on hadeeth5 of Mu’adh ibn Jabal6
o There is no zakat on cows until they reach 30 in number (Jamhoor7)
o Minority group of scholars weakened the hadeeth of Mu’adh and said we have to make Qiyaas of
Camel as there were not cows in Arabia
o They weakened the hadeeth because of presence of Masrooq in the chain who never met Mu’adh.
Imam Tirmidhi says acceptable because of supporting evidences
o Imam Shafi’ee says Masrooq was from Yemem. Even though, they did not meet but was well versed
about fiqh of Mu’adh
Examples
o If a person has 35 cows, He has to pay 1 Tabi (30 cows)
o If a person has 80 cows, He has to pay two Musinnah (40 + 40)
o If a person has 100 cows, He has to pay two Tabi and 1 Musinnah (30 + 30 + 40)
Example
o If a person has 401 sheep, He has to pay 4 sheep
5
Imam ibn Abdul Barr and Imam Tirmidhee authenticated the hadeeth
6
Companion sent to Yemen to give Da’wah and was loved by Prophet
7
Majority of Scholars
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o A one-eyed animal
o A very old one
o A mother9 that has just given birth and is nursing her offspring
o An animal about to give birth
o A fattened beast that has been singled out to be slaughtered
o Neither the worst nor the best kind of property is to be taken as zakat except when the owners of
the property donate it
He must only give (as zakât) female animals experiencing good health,
except for the [male calf] that is levied on thirty cows, and the two-
year- old male camel (ibn laboon) that is substituted for the one-year-
old female camel ( bint makhad), if he cannot find one.
However, if all his sheep are male or sick, it would be acceptable (to
pay) just one of them. He is only obliged to a six-month-old (jadha’ah)
from the sheep, or a one-year-old female (thaniyah) from the goats, and
the recommended age level (of other kinds) unless the owner of the
property chooses to pay an age level that is higher than what is
obligatory.
If they are all young, it is permissible to pay one that is young. If they
are a mixture of health and sick, male and female, and young and old, he
must pay a healthy, mature female; its value should be an average of the
whole flock.
If it is a mixture of foreign and Arab animals, cows and buffalos, goats
and sheep, good and bad, fat and thin, he should pay one of average
value.
8
Giving out female is better because it helps the poor with milk, sheep and so on
9
Shows how Sharee’ah is merciful
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Joint ownership
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Chapter 4: Zakah on that which comes out of the Earth
o Qur’aan 6:141
o This ayah denotes obligation of paying Zakah on harvest and minerals
Plants
Zakât is obligatory on plants, for all grain and fruit that can be
measured and stored, if it is produced from that land and reaches five
awsuq (in measure). This is based on the narration of the Prophet
(SAW): “There is no charity (meaning obligatory zakât in this context)
on grain and fruit until it reaches five awsuq.”
One wasaq is equal to sixty ş â’.
The zakât that must be paid is ten percent of the (of the entire crop) for
what has been watered by rain or water sources (that flow to the land
without effort), and five percent for what has been irrigated with effort,
such as bringing water by irrigation equipment or on the backs of
camels (or any other beast of burden).
o No Zakah on plants which is less than 5 awsuq i.e., 300 Sa’ equivalent of approximately 900
kilograms
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Zakat becomes obligatory when the fruit appears ripe and the grain has
matured (is firm).
One does not set the grain aside (as payment) until it has been
threshed, and likewise for the fruit until it has dried
There is no zakat on what one collects of the permissible (for public
use) grains, fruit that grows in the wild (without cultivation), items that
have been found or picked up, or wages for harvesting.
One kind of grain or fruit does not have to be added to another to
complete a nisâb (zakat threshold)
However, if there is one kind that
has different varieties, like the various sorts of dates, there would be
zakât on it (if all the varieties put together meet the nisâb of five
awsuq).
One must pay zakat of each kind. If one pays a good kind of zakât for a
bad kind, it is permissible (but not vice versa), and one would deserve a
reward (from Allah the Almighty)
When and how to give Zakah?
o When Zakah becomes obligatory?
o Fruits should ripe
o Grain should be firm
o Fulfills characteristics of Zakatable plants
o Experts can be brought and check the status of whether it is ripe or not
o Non Zakatable Plants
o Tree that grows naturally
o Without cultivation
o Picked up grains/fruits by a person not the farmer
o Wages for farming
o One should not join between two crops like Dates and barley and so on to arrive at Nisaab
o However, one crop of different types like Ajwa, Sukary dates can be joined to arrive at Nisaab
o Pay Zakah for each kind individually
o If one pays a good kind of zakât for a bad kind, it is permissible (but not vice versa)
Metals
o In Arabic it is called as Ma’adin comes from the same word “Adn” meaning established
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Whoever extracts a nisâb of metal – of gold or silver – or a value equal
to this nisâb in precious metals such as kohl, copper and iron, must pay
zakât on it. (Its zakât) is not to be paid until after it has been cast and
refined.
o Buried Treasure
o Treasure should be from the times of Jaahiliyah
o Zakah is 1/5th of treasure
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Chapter 5: Zakah of Currency
There are two types of currency: Gold and Silver. There is no zakât on
silver until it reaches two hundred dirhams (about 595 g of pure
silver), and its zakât is about 5 dirhams (2.5%). There is no zakât on
gold until it reaches twenty mithqâl (about 85 g of pure gold), and its
zakât is half a mithqâl (2.5%).
Purity of Gold/Silver
10
Hanafi says it is 700 grams
11
Mentioned by Ali, Amr ibn Shubay
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o Pure gold or silver are considered for nisaab
o Is this weight or count? It is weight over count as hadeeth of weight is more established than count
o Opinion 1: Pay for all gold though it may have other metals and it will be beneficial for poor
o Opinion 2: Purify it by casting it to determine the actual amount12
All kinds of gold and silver that are customarily worn by women are
permissible for them, and the permissible silver items for men are:
rings, ornamentation of swords, belts, and so on. There is zakât on what
(gold and silver) is prepared for renting and savings, as well as on the
prohibited kinds.
o If Car/home is for personal use, then there is no zakah on them. What about jewelry for personal
use and lending?
o According to author, it is not
o Correct view is that Zakah is wajib irrespective you rent it out or for personal use
o General commands regarding Gold and Silver
o Hadeeth of Tabarani which says there is no Zakah on gold is weak
o Zakah is not applicable to the house but applicable to rent generated. Based on this author says
jewelry for lending are Zakatable
12
Author is writing based on the time he was living in. Those days, techniques of determining without casting was not
available
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Chapter 6: Zakah of Debt
Whoever is owed a debt by a debtor who is capable of paying; or has
money he is capable of collecting , as when someone denies having
borrowed it, but he has proof; or has had something taken by force
from him, yet he is capable of taking it back; he must pay zakât for it
when he finally takes possession of it. He should do so for all the years
that have passed.
13
Scholars like Saeed ibn Musayb
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Debtors
Whoever has a debt equal to ( or greater than ) the nisâb he owns, or it
(the debt) makes it (the money he owns) less (than the nisâb), there is
no zakât on it (the money he possesses).
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Chapter 7: Zakah on Merchandise
Nisab of Merchandise
o Person should intend trade with the assets he has which makes it Zakatable
o Assess it at Selling price i.e., safer opinion and benefits the poor
o Nisab of merchandise is Nisab of lowest of price of either Nisab of gold or silver
Example
If the person (also) owns golf or silver, he must add it to the value of
his merchandise (that is prepared for trading) to complete the nisâb
Example
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o In January, You bought Car for personal use
o In June, You have decided Car for sale
o Zakah is now applicable on car
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