* avoid bad habits
Personality Development
Robert J. Havighurst (1900 - 1991) -
Proposed DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS — specific things to do that
come with each stage of development
TASK 1 - You must adjust with the physical changes
that marked your growth.
— physical traits are now developed
* keep yourself healthy
* protect you body from physical harm and any
TASK 2 - You must adjust with your growing
intellectual abilities and develop critical thinking
skills.
— able to see the world beyond what you see
— begin to reach a new level of awareness about things
* abstract thinking
* deal with thoughts
* expand your ideas
TASK 3 - You must adjust to the academic demands in
school.
— intellectual abilities must adapt to the cognitive demands in your
studies
TASK 4 - You must develop your language skills.
— must learn to communicate effectively
— learn to express what you thinks and feel
TASK 5 - You must establish your personal identity.
— knowing oneself and establishing one’s identity is very important
TASK 6 - You must learn ti be independent.
— you start pulling yourself out from you comfort zone of your parents
TASK 7 - You must establish healthy peer relationship.
— form friendship that will support your growth
— make friends with people who will be good influences to you and
will inspire you to do your best
TASK 8 - You must manage your sexuality.
— behave in a manner that promotes self- respect and protects you
from situations that will compromise your future
TASK 9 - You must adopt good moral standards,
personal values, and beliefs.
— the rules on what is good and bad/ right or wrong
form of abuse
TASK 10 - You must learn to control your impulses
and exhibit behavioral maturity.
— able to control your impulses and emotions, and shows maturity in
your behavior
TASK 11 - You must establish career or vocational
goals.
— what you want to become in the future, the next big step is setting
clear goals on how you will make your career plans happen
INDEPENDENCE AND
RESPONSIBILITY AS A MAJOR
GOAL
Three key areas:
1. Self- adjustment and Development of Skills
Adjusting to a maturing body - taking care of yourself is essential to
your growth
* eat healthy food
* exercise
Developing Cognitive Skills - thinking skills covering important aspects
(acquiring knowledge, solving problems, and making decisions)
* cognition - important process in learning
* perseverance - key to developing the mind
6 ways to develop your cognitive skills:
a. BE INQUISITIVE - be an active learner - ask questions
b. BRAINSTORM - come up with a lot of ideas
c. IMAGINE AND EXPLORE - visualize and explore different ways of
thinking
d. CREATE OR INNOVATE - use your thoughts in creating some things
e. ENGAGE IN PROBLEM-SOLVING - keep your mind at work and
further develop its capacity by challenging your brain
f. READ - enriches your knowledge
- improves your vocabulary, level up your comprehension skills,
develop your verbal skills, and sharpen your other cognitive abilities
Developing Communication Skills - help you become more effective in
dealing with people
*communicare - to share
THROOP AND CASTELLUCCI identified the elements and patterns of
communication
ELEMENTS: Sender
Receiver
Message
PATTERNS:
One way communication (sender gives the message,
receiver gets it, and the process is complete)
 Two-way communication (sender gives the message,
receiver gets it and respond with another message)
* LANGUAGE - crucial skill that you need to develop to be an effective
communicator
TWO MAJOR BEHAVIORS THAT PEOPLE MANIFEST DURING
COMMUNICATION:
1. RESPONSIVENESS — your openness in dealing with other
2. ASSERTIVENESS — “behavior ranging from asking questions (low
assertiveness) to telling others what’s expected (high assertiveness)” -
Roger Reid
FOUR MAJOR COMMUNICATION STYLES:
1. Thinker 3. Relater
2. Achiever 4. Seller
Developing Self-Control - will help you refrain from doing something
you might otherwise regret
3 ways to develop self-control:
a. LEARN YOUR OWN SIGNS AND TRIGGERS - “what are your
weaknesses?”
b. TAKE A DIFFERENT OR POSITIVE PERSPECTIVE
- consider the consequences of losing you temper
c. BREATHE DEEPLY - calms down your heightened feelings like
anger or frustration
2. Establishing Positive and Healthy Relationships
* Interaction with others is a significant experience that
contributes to the development of an individual
“Comfortable, successful interpersonal relationships are what
life is all about” - Harry Stack Sullivan (1892-1949)
* CONSTRUCTIVE RELATIONSHIP
- a kind of relationship that is supportive of your growth and
brings out the best in you
- the ones you should strive to have and keep
* DESTRUCTIVE RELATIONSHIP
- a kind of relationship courage behavior that puts you at
risk(taking drugs), hurts other people (bullying), or stops you
from growing.
3. Career Planning
How can you build good relationships with others?
* Identifying Skills and Interests
— have a good rapport with people (rapport means having good
- you touched on your strengths and weaknesses
vibes with others)
- you identifies your skills, talents, and passion that drive you to
do things
Throop and Castellucci identified an essential in a
relationship:
Developing Life Goals
TRUST - you can count on each other (reliability)
- you do NOT just set your eyes on what course to take and what
RESPECT - you take someone important, and the other holds
job to do in the future
you important (valuing)
- you simply start considering some ideas, like things to do or
EMPATHY - deep understanding of experience
goals you want to achieve in life
ABRAHAM MASLOW (1908 - 1970) Throop and Castellucci categorized life goals as:
— recognized that personal growth is a basic human desire, PERSONAL GOALS - include family and your personal life
proposed a model of hierarchy of human needs
EDUCATIONAL GOALS - refer to your study plan
— usually presented in the form of a pyramid considers
PROFESSIONAL GOALS - refers to career and work life
physiological need as very basic
When developing life goals, it helps to set a timeline. It may be
short-term, intermediate, or long-term. — Throop and
Castellucci