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South Asia experienced major political, economic, and social developments from 8000 BCE to the present:
1) Ancient river valley civilizations like the Harappan and Mohenjo-Daro flourished through trade but declined around 600 BCE when Aryan groups migrated in, establishing the varna caste system and patriarchal social norms.
2) Powerful empires like the Maurya, Gupta, and Mughal periods saw centralized control and growth in trade along the Silk Road, but also reinforced social stratification along caste and gender lines.
3) European colonialism from the 1700s disrupted traditional power structures and economies, but also introduced modern science and global trade networks that
South Asia experienced major political, economic, and social developments from 8000 BCE to the present:
1) Ancient river valley civilizations like the Harappan and Mohenjo-Daro flourished through trade but declined around 600 BCE when Aryan groups migrated in, establishing the varna caste system and patriarchal social norms.
2) Powerful empires like the Maurya, Gupta, and Mughal periods saw centralized control and growth in trade along the Silk Road, but also reinforced social stratification along caste and gender lines.
3) European colonialism from the 1700s disrupted traditional power structures and economies, but also introduced modern science and global trade networks that
South Asia experienced major political, economic, and social developments from 8000 BCE to the present:
1) Ancient river valley civilizations like the Harappan and Mohenjo-Daro flourished through trade but declined around 600 BCE when Aryan groups migrated in, establishing the varna caste system and patriarchal social norms.
2) Powerful empires like the Maurya, Gupta, and Mughal periods saw centralized control and growth in trade along the Silk Road, but also reinforced social stratification along caste and gender lines.
3) European colonialism from the 1700s disrupted traditional power structures and economies, but also introduced modern science and global trade networks that
8000- Harappa and Mohenjo- Active trade and Warrior aristocracy/
600 CE Daro communication with enslaved Dravidians Aryans (1500 BCE) Sumer Arayans stratify class – 16 states Ashoka (Maurya) Varna – four classes Then Maurya (321-185 promote trade with rest Patriarchal BCE) areas for travelers and Customs devalued women Central, powerful Buddhist missionaries More isolated – purdh military Trade with Then Gupta Empire Mesopotamia – Silk, (320 – 550 CE) cotton, elephants Central control w/ Silk Road village gov’ts 600- Collapse of Delhi Indian Ocean trade and Caste system 1450 sultanate in 1300’s Trade with Islamic CE World, China, East Africa and Persia Traded: cotton, silk, elephants, gems, cinnamon, and salt 1450- Centralized under Thrived due to cotton Patriarchal 1750 Mughal trade Treatment of women better CE under Akbar (initially) – allowed widows to remarry and intermarry between Hindus and Muslims, portray talents openly 1750- Mughal empire, European traders More racial based 1914 Buhudar Shahill sent British East India Abolish inhumane cultural CE into exile Company traditions (Sati) Indian National congress Ghandi European influence 1914- Nationalism Globalization facilitate Still patriarchal w/ caste Present Indian National and create greater trade system Congress across the globe Push for independence (finally get after WWII)
Science/ Art/ Empire Religion
Inventions Architecture 8000-600 CE Pi, Zero, Paintings, Indus Hinduism…Buddhism numerical temples, system, sculptures, medicine, courtyard astronomy, plastic surgery 600-1450 Islam, CE Hinduism, Buddhism 1450-1750 Gunpowder Blended w/ Mughal Islam, Buddhism… CE technology Muslim Gunpowder though mostly Hindu Arches, domes empire Taj Mahal Decline: due to opening to foreign control 1750-1914 European Roads, British colony Hindu, Islam, CE education railroads, Buddhism, promotes canals Christianity (though science/ not very popular) invention 1914- After civil Muslim minority Present war: India, Pakistan, Bangladesh
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