Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Thesis Citations
Atty. Dan Kevin Mandocdoc
Lecturer, Ateneo Law School
Associate, Gulapa Law Office
April 25, 2016
Presentation Overview
Introduction
Rules on Footnoting
Citation
Forms
General Rules of Usage
Bibliography
Introduction
The Cases of Students A and B
Student A Student B
Primary authorities
Secondary authorities
Books
Journal articles
Theses
News clips
Reliable websites
How to cite?
Footnotes
ALJ Legal Citation Guide
The Bluebook
Philippine Constitution:
PHIL. CONST. art. ___, § ___, ¶ ___.
Note:
Always cite the Constitution in full.
Codes/Statutes:
Subsequent citations:
Short Title, subdivisions.
Subsequent citations:
First Party, volume number
SCRA/SCAD/Phil. at cited page.
Separate opinions
Cite like an ordinary case (J. Surname of
Justice, separate/concurring/dissenting
opinion).
Subsequent Citations
SURNAME OF AUTHOR(S), supra note
footnote, at page being cited.
Unpublished Theses
Author, Title of the Article, at page number (date)
(description, institution that awarded the degree)
(source).
Websites
Subsequent Citations
Id. Supra.
Constitution ✗ ✗
Laws, Cases ✓ ✗
Treaties ✓ ✓
Secondary Sources ✓ ✓
Basics – Footnotes
Brackets
Alterations or substitution
Unchanged significant mistakes in the
original
Omitted letters or punctuations
Ellipsis
Omissions in the middle of the quotation
He said that “[t]he rules … provide[.]”
Emphasis
Emphasis supplied
Emphasis omitted
Emphasis maintained?
Bibliography
Basics – Bibliography
Grouping
First
Part: Primary Authorities
Second Part: Secondary Authorities
Clustering
Organize sources of the same class
together
Example: All books must be listed
together.
Basics – Bibliography
Grouping + Clustering
I. Primary Authorities
A. Constitution
B. Statutes
C. Cases
II. Secondary Authorities
A. Books
B. Journals
C. Internet Sources
Basics – Bibliography
Sequencing
For primary sources:
Then, alphabetically
Sequencing
I. Primary Authorities
A. Constitution
1987 PHIL. CONST.
1973 PHIL. CONST.
B. Statutes
Batas Pambasa
Presidential Decrees
Republic Acts
C. Jurisprudence
Supreme Court
Court of Appeals
Basics – Bibliography
Sequencing
Forsecondary sources: Turabian
Surname first
Alphabetical
Thank you.