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Frac
Frac
Ball
Viscous Fluid Diversion
Baffle
Damaged
Shale
Undamaged
Diversion Diversion
Category Method Key Considerations and Comments
Viscous Polymers • Set and break times of gel (or Fluid) must be controlled.
Fluids (Crosslinked)
and & • Can only treat zones above the wellbore plug.
Viscoelastic Surfactants
• May result in polymer formation damage.
• No mechanical problems
• Water injectors
*Bridging agents and chemical diverters are good for moderate to low degree of heterogeneity.
Water soluble for water wells; Oil soluble for oil wells (This rule of thumb does not hold for high
WOR wells). Roughly 1 diverter stage per 25-50’ interval. Low KV/KH.
**Less sensitive to chemical composition of fluid and temperature. (Minimize Injectivity decrease).
When the velocity of the fluid moving into the perforations is low, the ball density should be only
slightly heavier than the fluid density. This will reduce the chance of the balls falling past the perfs.
Also the fluid may be viscosified to help the seating efficiency.
REFERENCES