JATA-CIV-SPC-001 - General Spec For Civ & Struct

PROYEK MINI LPG PLANT LAPANGAN JATA
SUMATERA SELATAN
GENERAL SPECIFICATION
FOR
CIVIL AND STRUCTURE
0 18 Nov 2010 Issued for Information AR FJW DAG

Rev Date Issue Description Prep’d Chk’d App’d Client
Total or partial reproduction and/or utilization of this document are forbidden
Without prior written authorization of the COMPANY
Document No. Revision Status

JATA-CIV-SPC-001 0
PROYEK MINI LPG PLANT JATA
SUMATRA SELATAN
GENERAL SPECIFICATION FOR CIVIL AND STRUCTURE
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. GENERAL .............................................................................................................................. 5
1.1 Scope ........................................................................................................................... 5
1.2 Related Specifications ................................................................................................. 5
1.3 References ................................................................................................................... 5
1.4 Language and Unit ...................................................................................................... 6
1.5 Design Condition.......................................................................................................... 7
2. MAJOR MATERIALS ............................................................................................................. 7
2.1 Concrete ....................................................................................................................... 7
2.2 Structural Steel............................................................................................................. 8
3. DESIGN LOADS .................................................................................................................... 9
3.1 General......................................................................................................................... 9
3.2 Dead Loads (D).......................................................................................................... 10
3.3 Live Loads (L) ............................................................................................................ 10
3.4 Equipment Load ......................................................................................................... 11
3.5 Piping Load ................................................................................................................ 12
3.6 Handling Device Load/ Impact Load (I)..................................................................... 12
3.7 Wind Loads (W) ......................................................................................................... 13
3.8 Earthquake/ Seismic Loads (EQ) .............................................................................. 14
3.9 Vibrating Load (Vi) ..................................................................................................... 16
3.10 Thermal Forces (T) .................................................................................................... 16
3.11 Soil Pressure (SP) ..................................................................................................... 17
3.12 Liquid Pressure (LP) .................................................................................................. 19
3.13 Tube Bundle Pulling Forces (TB) .............................................................................. 19
3.14 Vehicular Loads (Vh) .................................................................................................. 19
3.15 Blast Loads................................................................................................................. 19

Document No. : JATA-CIV-SPC-001
Revision :0 Page 2 Of 32
SUMATRA SELATAN
4. LOAD COMBINATIONS ...................................................................................................... 19
4.1 General....................................................................................................................... 19
4.2 Loading Combination for Allowable Stress Design .................................................. 19
4.3 Factored Loading Combinations for Reinforced Concrete Design .......................... 21
5. ALLOWABLE STRESS AND BEARING CAPACITY ......................................................... 22
5.1 Basic Strength ............................................................................................................ 22
5.2 Increase of Allowable Stress ..................................................................................... 23
5.3 Allowable Bearing Capacity of Soil & Pile Capacity ................................................. 23
6. STABILITY ........................................................................................................................... 23
7. DEFLECTION ...................................................................................................................... 24
7.1 Vertical Deflection ...................................................................................................... 24
7.2 Horizontal Deflection .................................................................................................. 24
8. REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES AND FOUNDATIONS ................................ 24
8.1 Design Method ........................................................................................................... 24
8.2 Minimum Rebar Diameter ......................................................................................... 24
8.3 Minimum Concrete Cover.......................................................................................... 25
8.4 Reinforcement of Pedestal of the Foundations ........................................................ 25
8.5 Shrinkage and Temperature Reinforcement ............................................................ 25
8.6 Classification of Concrete Grade............................................................................... 25
8.7 Deflection ................................................................................................................... 26
8.8 Crack Width................................................................................................................ 27
8.9 Small Footing ............................................................................................................. 27
8.10 Small Machinery Foundation ..................................................................................... 27
8.11 Large Rotating Equipment Foundation ..................................................................... 27
8.12 Stacks and Tall Structure........................................................................................... 28
8.13 Electronic Pole Foundation........................................................................................ 28

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8.14 Exchangers and Horizontal Pressure Vessels ......................................................... 28
8.15 Air Cooler Foundation ................................................................................................ 28
8.16 Combined Footing ..................................................................................................... 28
8.17 Foundation on Top Elevation .................................................................................... 28
8.18 Pipe Trenches ............................................................................................................ 29
9. SEWER AND DRAINAGE ................................................................................................... 29
9.1 Discharge Method...................................................................................................... 29
9.2 Rainfall Intensity ......................................................................................................... 29
9.3 Run off Coefficient...................................................................................................... 29
9.4 Minimum Earth Covering ........................................................................................... 29
9.5 Minimum Pipe Size .................................................................................................... 30
9.6 Discharge (O) Formula .............................................................................................. 30
9.7 Velocity (V) Formula .................................................................................................. 30
9.8 Slope .......................................................................................................................... 30
9.9 Fire Water................................................................................................................... 30
9.10 Manholes.................................................................................................................... 31
9.11 Open Ditches ............................................................................................................. 31
9.12 Materials ..................................................................................................................... 31
10. ROAD AND PAVEMENT ..................................................................................................... 31
10.1 General....................................................................................................................... 31
10.2 Road ........................................................................................................................... 32
10.3 Gravel Surfacing ........................................................................................................ 32
11. SOFT WARE ........................................................................................................................ 32
GENERAL SPECIFICATION FOR

SUMATRA SELATAN
CIVIL AND STRUCTURE
1. GENERAL
1.1 Scope
This design criteria prescribes the general requirements for civil and structural
engineering and design for EPC Gas Production Facilities JATA Development Project.
This design criteria is prepared for design execution with mutual understanding, through
summarizing and interpreting the below referenced specification and codes.
1.2 Related Specifications

The following project specifications and document prescribe items of related work:
JATA-CIV-SPC-002 Specification of Site Preparation and Earth Work

JATA-CIV-SPC-003 Specification for Road Design
JATA-CIV-SPC-004 Specification for Sewer and Drainage
JATA-CIV-SPC-005 Specification for Foundation
JATA-CIV-SPC-006 Specification for Concrete
JATA-CIV-SPC-007 Specification for Reinforcing Work
JATA-CIV-SPC-008 Specification for Form Work
JATA-CIV-SPC-009 Specification for Grouting
JATA-CIV-SPC-010 Specification for Brick Wall
JATA-CIV-SPC-011 Specification for Shelter
JATA-CIV-SPC-012 Specification for Structural Steel
JATA-CIV-SPC-013 Specification for Metal Decking
JATA-CIV-SPC-014 Specification for Temporary Camp Building
JATA-CIV-SPC-015 Specification for Building Insulation
JATA-CIV-SPC-016 Specification for Fire Proofing
Wherever this specification differs from related document, the most stringent shall govern.
1.3 References
The following codes, standards and publications will be used for the purposes listed
below. When an edition date is not indicated for a code or standard, the latest edition and
addendum in force at time of purchase shall apply. Material shall be as specified or an
equal approved by COMPANY. Modifications applicable to this project are described
below.

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1.3.1 ACI (American Concrete Institute)

1.3.2 AISC (American Institute of Steel Construction)
1.3.3 ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials)
1.3.4 AWS (American Welding Society)
1.3.5 ANSI (American National Standard Institute)
1.3.6 ASCE (American Society of Civil Engineer)
1.3.7 AASHTO (American Association of State Highway and Transportation
Officials)
1.3.8 NFPA (National Fire Protection Association)
• NFPA 5000 (Building Construction and Safety Construction)
1.3.9 Indonesian Local Codes and Regulations
• SII (Indonesian Industrial Standard)
• SKBI ( Indonesian Construction Building Standard )
• PPI-1983 ( Indonesian Loading Regulation )
• SKBI.2.3.26 1987 UDC : 625.73 (02)
• Code of Practice for seismic design of Buildings in Indonesia
1.3.10 JIS (Japanese Industrial Standard)
1.3.11 UBC (Uniform Building Code)
1.3.12 CMAA (Crane Manufacturers Association of America)
1.4 Language and Unit

The following language and units shall be used for specifications, calculation sheets and
drawings throughout the project.
Language : English
Unit : International System of Units (S.I)
Conversion Units
Type Unit Unit Conversion
Mass (Weight) N 1N = 0.10197 kg

kN 1 kN = 101.97 kg
1 ton = 1000 kg
1 lb = 0.453 kg
Length mm 1 inch = 25.4 mm

M 1 foot = 0.3048 m

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Pressure, Stress MPa 1 MPa = 10.197 kg/cm2

kPa 1 kPa = 101.97 kg/m2
1 psi = 0.0703 kg/cm2
1 psi = 0.0068948 MPa
2
1 lb/ft = 4.88 kg/m2
Density kg/m3 1 lb/in3 = 27.68 ton/m3

ton/m3 1 lb/ft3 = 0.016 ton/m3
Area m2 1 ft2 = 0.0929 m2

1 hectare = 10,000 m2
Volume m3 1 ft3 = 0.0283 m3
Expression of dimension etc. shall be as follows:

DIMENSIONS : All dimensions shall be expressed in millimeters, unless otherwise
noted.
COORDINATES : All coordinates shall be expressed in meters.
ELEVATIONS : All elevations shall be expressed in meters.
Highest point of pavement and grade elevation (HPP) in plant area shall be relative to
Mean Sea Level (MSL) and shall refer to Plot Plan drawings.
1.5 Design Condition

1.5.1 Site Condition
• The location and condition of the proposed site are described in the project
documentation (bid document)
1.5.2 Climate Condition
• The location and condition of the proposed site are described in the project
documentation (AMDAL prepared by Company)
1.5.3 Geotechnical Condition
• The geotechnical of the site are described in the report of soil investigation.
1.5.4 Seismic Condition
• According to UBC 1997, the seismic zone of the site is Zone 2A.
2. MAJOR MATERIALS
2.1 Concrete
2.1.1 Cement
- SII 0013-81, ASTM C150 or equivalent
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- Type I cement (Standard Portland Cement) could be used for general concrete
foundation and any above ground concrete structures.
- Type V cement (Sulfate Resistant Cement) shall be used for foundation, grade
beams, any underground structures and pits containing sulfur or any chemical
mixture containing sulfur.
- Aggregate: ASTM C 33 or equivalent.
2.1.2 Reinforcing Steel Bar
SII 0136-84 or BjTD 40 or JIS G 3112, Deformed bar SD390, ASTM A615 Grade 60 or
equivalent.
These materials will be supplied with certificates guarantee.
2.1.3 Welded Wire Fabric
JIS G 3551, ASTM A185 or equivalent
2.1.4 Anchor Bolt
ASTM A307 grade C, or JIS G 3101 Gr SS400 or equivalent
2.1.5 Grouting
Non shrink non staining grout, minimum compressive strength of grout at 7 days shall
be 48 Mpa for flowable and 60 MPa for trowable.
Epoxy Grout with minimum strength 85 Mpa shall be used under all bases of
reciprocating equipment and anchor holes for centrifugal compressors, turbine, fan,
pumps, etc and their drivers over 500 hp.
2.2 Structural Steel

JIS G 3101 grade SS 400 or ASTM A36 or equivalent
2.2.1 High Strength Bolt
ASTM A325 or equivalent
2.2.2 Mild Steel Bolt
JIS B 1180 grade 4.6 or ASTM A307 or equivalent
2.2.3 Steel Pipe for Structural Use
JIS G 3444 STK400 or ASTM A500 grade B and ASTM A501 or equivalent
2.2.4 Welding Electrode
AWS A5.1 E70 series or JIS Z3211 D43 series or equivalent
2.2.5 Flooring for Platform and Walkway
Platform and walkway use galvanized steel grating or 6 mm thick galvanized checkered
plate. Size and dimension are according to strength and serviceability requirements
2.2.6 Concrete Pipe for drainage
JIS A5303 Class 2 or ASTM C497 or equivalent
2.2.7 Carbon Steel Pipe for Drainage
ASTM A106 grade B or ASTM A33, JIS G 3456 STPT 410 or equivalent

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2.2.8 Corrugated Galvanized Metal Pipe for Culvert

ASTM A760, A761, AASHTO M36, JIS G 3471 or equivalent
2.2.9 PVC Pipe for sewer For Building
JIS K 6741, class VU or equivalent
3. DESIGN LOADS
Loads and forces used for design shall be as specified below.
3.1 General
1. All design drawings and fabrication drawings shall be prepared using Metric units.
2. All structural steel, bolt holes, pipes and rolled shapes shall be called out in
accordance with AISC.
3. Structural steel design shall be performed using AISC (ASD) shapes confirming to the
Manual Steel Construction.
4. Concrete design shall be performed using standard reinforcing bar sizes. Reinforcing
bar sizes shall be shown on the drawings.
5. Concrete masonry design shall be performed only after verification by
CONTRACTOR that the materials, testing and inspection, as specified in this criteria
are available at the project Site.
6. Load and force designation symbol are tabulated below:
No Load and Forces Symbol

1. Dead Load D
2. Live Load L
3. Equipment Load
a. Empty Load E(E)
b. Operating Load E(O)
c. Test Load E(T)
4. Pipe Load
a. Empty Load P(E)
b. Operating Load P(O)
c. Test Load P(T)
5. Handling Device/ Impact Load I
6. Wind Load W
7. Earthquake/Seismic Load EQ
8. Vibration Load Vi
9. Thermal Force T

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10. Soil Pressure SP

11. Liquid Pressure LP
12 Tube Bundle Pulling Load TB
13. Vehicle Load Vh
3.2 Dead Loads (D)

3.2.1 Dead Load of Equipment (Dq)
Dead loads are the weight of equipment and all materials permanently fastened thereto
or supported thereby, including piping attached to equipment, fire proofing, electrical
conduit and insulation.
For Building, dead loads mean the weight of structure.
3.2.2 Dead Load of Structure Proper (Dp)
Dead loads are the self weight of structure of foundation. Unit weights of the major
construction materials shall be in accordance with PPI-1983.
List of unit weight in accordance with PPI-1983:
Material Unit Weight Unit Weight

(t/m3) (kN/m3)
Steel 7.85 76.983
Cement Mortar 2.1 20.594
Reinforced Concrete 2.4 23.536
Plain Concrete 2.2 21.575
Sand (dry) 1.6 15.691
Sand (saturated) 1.8 17.652
Crushed stone ( sieved ) 1.85 18.142
Ground Water 1 9.807
Asphalt 2.3 22.555
Brick 1.7 16.671
3.3 Live Loads (L)

1) A live load (“L”) is any load not permanently fixed to the structures, e.g. loading
caused by personnel, furniture, tools, or traffic. Loads imposed by piping,
equipment, and attachments, or lifting equipment such as cranes, shall be
considered separately and not included in live load.
2) The live load for buildings shall comply with the requirements of PPI-1983 or ASCE
7/05, except where defined otherwise in the following subsections.

SUMATRA SELATAN
3) The roof live loads for shelter and buildings with a pitched roof where only
temporary access, such as that for maintenance, is required shall be as section 3.2
of PPI-1983.
4) The live loads for equipment supporting structures, shelter, operating stages and
building shall comply with the following values unless higher value are specified in
the loading data for special maintenance requirements.
5) Live loads shall be uniformly distributed over the specified floors as determined in
the detailed design :
Structure Description Min Uniform Load Min Uniform Load

(kg/m2) (kN/m2)
Office Floor 300 2.942
Operating / Maintenance 400
Platforms 3.923
Stairway Passing way and 250
Corridor 2.452
Meeting Room 250 2.452
Roof 20 0.196
Storage Warehouse 610 (light) 5.982 (light)
1220 (heavy) 11.964 (heavy)
3.4 Equipment Load

1) The equipment load is the weight of the equipment or machinery, including
appurtenances and it is classified as an empty (erection) load, an operating load, or
a testing load. When the equipment support the load of the piping attached to the
equipment, such piping load shall be included in the equipment load as described
herein.
2) The empty (erection) loads, “E(E)”, is the load imposed during an empty conditions,
excluding the weight of the internals, and all the external attachments, such as
platform, ladder, and piping to be attached to the equipment or machinery,
equipment and piping insulation, and fireproofing of the equipment.
3) The operating load, “E(O)”, is the load imposed during the normal operating
condition. It is the “Empty (erection) load” including the weight of internal and
external attachments, such as platform, ladder, and piping to be attached to the
equipment or machinery, equipment and piping insulation, and fireproofing of the
equipment plus the weight of fluids and solids within the equipments.
4) The testing loads, “E(T)”, is the load imposed during hydrostatic testing. It is the
“Empty (erection) load” including the weight of internal and external attachments,
such as platform, ladder, and piping to be attached to the equipment or machinery,
equipment and piping insulation, and fireproofing of the equipment plus the weight
of water in the equipment and piping. The testing loads need be considered for
future maintenance even if equipment is hydrostatically tested only at vendor shop.
But consideration need not be taken that all of the equipment on the same structure
is tested at the same test.
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3.5 Piping Load

1) The piping load is the weight of the pipe, fittings, valve, insulation, and the fluid in
the piping, and it is classified either as empty piping load, operation piping load, and
test piping load. (The piping load shall be assumed and calculated as the uniform
load per horizontal unit area of a pipe sleeper or a pipe rack. However the
concentrated loads of large diameter pipes and valves shall be calculated
separately).
2) Empty piping loads, “P(E)”, is the weight of the pipe, fittings, valves, and insulation.
3) Operation piping loads, “P(O)”, is the weight of the pipe, fittings, valves, and
insulation, and the fluid in the piping during the normal operating conditions. (Thrust
forces of high or low temperature piping shall be treated separately as thermal load
specified in another subsections).
4) Test piping loads, “P(T)”, is the weight of the pipe, fittings, valves, and insulation,
and the water inside the pipe during hydrostatic test. For gas piping, where load
may increase only during hydrostatic testing, the test water load is imposed only on
portion of the pipe where hydrostatic is carried out. When two or more pipes are
placed in parallel on the same pipe support, it shall be assumed that only one
heaviest pipe shall be tested at a time.
Minimum loading for any pipe rack shall not be less than 30 psf (1.44 kN/m2)
3.6 Handling Device Load/ Impact Load (I)

1) Handling device load (“I”) is the load imposed by handling devices, such as
traveling cranes, hoist, elevator, lifts, forklift and conveyors. The handling device
load includes the weight of the device, the lift load, and the impact load.
The loads and forces imposed by traveling cranes, elevators, or lift shall be
determined in according to the requirements of ASCE 7/05 and/ or CMAA #74
whichever governing
a. Vertical Impact Force
• Crane support : 25 %
• Monorail support (Powered) : 25 %
• Monorail support (Hand Operated) : 0%
b. Lateral Impact Force
• Crane Runways
Transverse force : 20 % of lifted load
Longitudinal force : 10 % of the maximum wheel
loads.
• Monorail support (Powered)
Transverse force : 20 % of lifted load
Longitudinal force : 10 % of the maximum
wheel loads
2) The loads and forces caused by forklift and conveyors shall be calculated
according to the actual conditions.
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3.7 Wind Loads (W)

3.7.1 Wind loads shall be established in accordance with the following design
codes.
ASCE 7/05 : Minimum Design Loads for Building and other structure
3.7.2 Basic wind Speed
Basic wind speed: 28 m/sec
To account for the surface area of piping, platform and other attachments fixed to the
equipment, the surface area of the equipment (vessel / column) exposed to the wind
shall be increased by 20%.
3.7.3 Design Wind Pressure
Velocity Pressure up to the height of 100 m above grade is shown in below. These
values are derived from:
qz = 0.613*Kz*Kzt*Kd*V2*I
where :
qz = Velocity pressure evaluated at height z above ground (kN/m2)
Kz = Velocity pressure exposure coefficient (Table 6-3)
Kzt = Topographic factor = 1
Kd = Wind directional factor (Table 6-4)
V = Basic Wind Speed = 28 m/sec
I = Importance factor = 1.15 (Category III)
Table 6-3, Velocity Pressure Exposure Coefficients, Kz

Height above ground level,
Exposure
z
(ft) (m) C
0 - 15 0 – 4.6 0.85
20 6.1 0.90
25 7.6 0.94
30 9.1 0.98
40 12.2 1.04
50 15.2 1.09
60 18 1.13
70 21.3 1.17
80 24.4 1.21
90 27.4 1.24
100 30.5 1.26

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Table 6-4, Wind directionality Factor, Kd

Structure type Kd
Buildings, Solid Signs, 0.85
Trussed Tower
Chimney, Tanks and Similar 0.95
Structure
Wind Pressure, qz
Buildings, Chimney,
Height above ground level, Solid Sign, Tanks, and
z Trussed similar
Tower structure
(ft) (m) (kN/m2) (kN/m2)
0 - 15 0 – 4.6 0.709 0.792
20 6.1 0.751 0.839
25 7.6 0.784 0.876
30 9.1 0.817 0.914
40 12.2 0.868 0.97
50 15.2 0.909 1.016
60 18 0.943 1.053
70 21.3 0.976 1.091
80 24.4 1.009 1.128
90 27.4 1.034 1.156
100 30.5 1.051 1.175
3.7.4 The Wind Force

Design wind pressure for main wind force resisting system of buildings shall be
determined by the following equation:
p = qz x G x Cp
Where:
qz = velocity pressure (kN/m2)
G = Gust effect factor = 0.85
Cp = Pressure coefficient (Figure 6-6)
3.8 Earthquake/ Seismic Loads (EQ)

1. All plant equipment and structures shall be designed for earthquake forces in
accordance with UBC 1997, Static and the following factors:
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Base shear ( Vs )
2.5 x Ca x I x ΣWi
Vs =
R
Where
- Base shear, Vs (kN)
- W = weight of equipment and/or structure (kN)
- I = Importance factor = 1.25 (Table 16-K Occupancy Category – Hazardous
Facilities)
- Ca = Seismic coefficient = 0.3, depend on seismic zone and soil specification
- Seismic zone = 2A
- Seismic Acceleration = 0.15
- Soil specification = Soft soil
- R = numerical coefficient (table 16-N or 16-P)
Table 16 N – R Structural Systems

No. Basic Structural System Lateral Force Resisting System R
Description
1. Building frame system Ordinary braced frames:
(resisting to lateral load is
a. Steel 5.6
provided by braced
frames) b. Concrete 5.6
2. Moment-resisting frame Ordinary braced frames
system (resisting to lateral
a. Steel 4.5
load is provided by
flexural action of b. Concrete 3.5
members)
3. Cantilevered column Cantilevered column elements 2.2
building system
Table 16 P – R factor for Non building Structures

No. Structure Type R
1. Vessels, including tank and pressurized spheres, on braced or 2.2
unbraced legs
2. Cast-in-place concrete silos and chimney having walls continuous to 5.6
the foundations
3. Distributed mass cantilever structures such as stacks, chimney, silos, 2.9
skirt-supported vertical vessels
4. Trussed tower (freestanding or guyed), guyed stacks and chimney 2.9

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5. Cantilevered column-type structures 2.2

6. Cooling towers 3.6
7. Bins and hoppers on braced or unbraced legs 2.9
8. Storage racks 3.6
9. Sign and billboards 3.6
10. Amusement structure 2.2
11. All other self-supporting structures not otherwise covered 3.9
3.9 Vibrating Load (Vi)

Foundations supporting large rotating equipment such as compressors and blowers, etc.,
shall be designed to safely withstand static loads plus dynamic loads. Large rotating
equipment is defined as reciprocating equipment or machinery, centrifugal compressors,
turbines, fans, pumps, etc. and their drivers over 500 HP. Dynamic loads shall be in
accordance with the data issued from manufacturer.
For requirement regarding design of vibrating major equipment foundation, refer to
section 8 herein after.
3.10 Thermal Forces (T)

3.10.1 Friction Forces (Tf) due to pipes
1. In design of the pipe tracks, pipe racks, and pipe supports, a horizontal friction force
due to the thermal expansion or contraction of flare lines and stream lines, etc. shall
be applied at the support bearing surfaces.
2. This forces shall be assumed to act in either direction parallel to or perpendicular to
the piping run as determined by the analysis and shall be as follows :
Tf = pipe gravity load x friction coefficient
The friction force ( Tf ) shall be deemed to be a temporarily acting thermal loads
3. Pipe gravity load :
Heaviest single pipe or group of several lines known to expand or contract
simultaneously in the same direction on the track or (¼) of total pipe load, whichever
is greater. It should include weight of the pipe, insulation and service fluid.
4. Friction Coefficient shall be as follows :
Steel to steel = 0.35
Steel to lubricate = 0.15
Stainless steel to Teflon = 0.10
Teflon to Teflon = 0.10
Steel to concrete = 0.45

SUMATRA SELATAN
3.10.2 Anchor Force (Ta) due to pipes

1. For pipe -tracks, pipe-racks, and pipe supports, pipe anchor force (Ta) shall be
calculated based on the thermal stress analysis of the piping system and the
deflection of the supports need be considered if it imposes risk the overall stability of
the structure.
2. The Anchor force (Ta) shall be deemed as a permanent thermal load when the
temperature corresponds to the normal operating condition.
3.10.3 Thermal Sliding Force (Ts)
1. The sliding supports supporting heat exchangers or horizontal vessel for high-
temperature service shall be designed to be safe under the friction force due to
thermal deformation of equipment. The force shall be deemed as a permanent load
when the temperature corresponds to the normal operating condition.
2. The sliding plate type shall be as follows :
Weight of vessel operating temperature Sliding plate type
0
W ≤ 27 ton t ≤ 200 C steel to steel
W ≤ 27 ton t ≤ 2600 C Teflon or lubrite
0
Pads t ≤ 260 C Insulators
3.11 Soil Pressure (SP)

The lateral earth pressure depends on the several factors:
The physical properties of soil, i.e. unit weight (γs), cohesion (c) and angle of internal
friction (Ø)
The time-dependent nature of soil strength.
The interaction between the soil and the retaining structure at the interface.
The general characteristics of the deformation in the soil-structure composite.
The imposed loading, e.g. height of backfill, surcharge loads.
The lateral earth pressure illustrated as follow:
Backfill
Active pressure, Pa
Passive Weight of
Pressure, Pp Structure, W
Friction force, F
Normal
Force, N

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The figure above shows some of the forces acting on a typical gravity retaining structure.
The thrust Pa is the resultant of the active pressure. The resistance to the active pressure
is provided by the frictional force at the bottom of the wall and by the soil in front of the
wall. Relative to the soil in front of the wall, the wall becomes the actuating force with the
soil providing the passive resistance to movement, with the resultant Pp.
The lateral earth pressure shall be determined according to the following pressure
distribution:
q (lb/ft2)
2 c √Κa
Z0 (Tension Zone)
Failure Surface
2 c √Κp
Depth (H1)
Pa
Pp
σp σa
Depth (H2)
φ φ
45 + /2 45 - /2
Active Lateral Stress, σa = [(γs * depth + q) * Ka] - 2 c √Ka (kN/m2)

Passive Lateral Stress, σp = γs * depth * Kp + 2 c √Kp (kN/m2)
The maximum lateral earth pressure occurs when depth = H, hence:
Resultant Active Lateral Earth Pressure, Pa = 1/2 γs (H1)2 Ka - 2 c √Ka H1 (kN/m)
Resultant Passive Lateral Earth Pressure, Pp = 1/2 γs (H2)2 Kp + 2 c √Kp H2 (kN/m)
Where:
γs = unit weight of undisturbed soil (kN/m3)
c = cohesion of undisturbed soil (kN/m2)
Ø = angle of internal friction
Ka = coefficient of active lateral earth pressure = tan2 (45 - Ø/2)
Kp = coefficient of passive lateral earth pressure = tan2 (45 + Ø/2)
The above coefficients are specific for the site soil condition and shall be obtained from
the soil investigation reports.

SUMATRA SELATAN
3.12 Liquid Pressure (LP)

The liquid pressure is the pressure of liquid acting on a building, structure or foundation.
3.13 Tube Bundle Pulling Forces (TB)

Tube bundle pulling forces shall be as follows.
Fixed type = nil
For other type than fixed type, 150% of bundle weight shall be considered. It shall be
given and included in equipment loading data from Mechanical.
The bundle weight to be considered in foundation design shall be in accordance with
equipment loading data.
Total bundle pull shall be considered on fixed side alone.
3.14 Vehicular Loads (Vh)

The heavy duty roads, bridges, trenches, and underground installations accessible to
truck loading shall be designed for a single axle load of 8.16 tons, and light duty for axle
load of 5 tons.
The impact load coefficient shall be 20%.
3.15 Blast Loads

The blast load effect accordance to ASCE design guide for blast resistant design of
buildings at Pertrochem facilities. Blast predictions effect shall be deal with HSE.
4. LOAD COMBINATIONS
4.1 General
1. Structures, buildings, and foundations shall be designed to have design strength at
least equal to the required strength calculated for the loading combinations as
described in paragraph 4, 5, and 6.
2. Factor loading combination shall be used for concrete structure and foundation.
Unfactor loading combination shall be used for steel structure and stability check of
foundation. Factor and unfactor loading combination shall be considered for permanent
and temporary conditions.
3. Loads prescribed here to fore shall be considered to act in the following combination
adjusted by multiplying a Load Combination (LC) probability factor whichever produces
the most unfavorable effects in the building, foundation, or structure member concrete.
4.2 Loading Combination for Allowable Stress Design

(1) The following combinations of the loads and forces shall be considered in design;
however, combinations that are obviously safe need not be included in the design.

SUMATRA SELATAN
Loading Combination for Allowable Stress Design

Increase in
Loading Condition Loading Combination Allowable Remarks
Stress
(a) Erection or Empty D + L + E(E) + P(E) 0% Permanent
Condition Load
D + L + E(E) + P(E) + W 33 % Temporary
Load
D + L + E(E) + P(E) + EQ 33 % Temporary
Load
(b) Operating D + L + E(O) + P(O) + T 0% Permanent
Condition Load
D + L + E(O) + P(O) + T+ I + SP 33 % Temporary
+ Vi Load
D + E(O) + P(O) + W + T 33 % Temporary
Load
D + E(O) + P(O) + EQ + T 33 % Temporary
Load
D + E(O) + P(O) + T 33 % Temporary
Load
(d) Testing D + E(T) + P(T) 0% Permanant
Condition Load
D + 0.5 L + E(T) + P(T) + 0.25 W 33 % Temporary
Load
(e) Maintenance D + E(E) + P(E) + TB 33 % Temporary
Condition Load
(2) Where applicable, vibration load shall be added to the equipment and piping load.
(3) The handling device loads shall be added to the 50 percent live loads, after considering
the actual loading conditions. Crane impact load need not be combined with wind load
and earthquake load.
(4) When the earthquake load “EQ” is computed based on the strength design of UBC, “(EQ /
1.4)” shall be used when “EQ” is indicated in the loading combination.

SUMATRA SELATAN
4.3 Factored Loading Combinations for Reinforced Concrete Design

1. Unless otherwise specified, the factored loading combinations for reinforced concrete
design are as follows in accordance ACI 318-89.
Load Combination for Ultimate Strength Design Method

Loading Condition Loading Combination Remarks
(a) Erection or Empty 1.4 [ D + E(E) + P(E)] Permanent
Condition Load
1.2 [ D + E(E) + P(E)] + 1.6L Permanent
Load
1.2 [D + E(E) + P(E)] + 1.0 L + 1.6 W Temporary
Load
0.9 [D + E(E) + P(E)] + 1.6 W Temporary
Load
0.9[D + E(E) + P(E)] + 1.4 EQ Temporary
Load
(b)Operating Condition 1.4[D + E(O) + P(O)] Permanent
Load
1.2[D + E(O) + P(O)] + 1.6L Permanent
Load
1.4 [D + E(O) + P(O) + T] Permanent
Load
1.2 [D + E(O) + P(O) + T] + 1.6L Permanent
Load
1.2 [D + E(O) + P(O)] + 1.0 L + 1.6 W Temporary
Load
1.2 [D + E(O) + P(O)] + 0.8 W Temporary
Load
0.9 [D + E(O) + P(O)] + 1.3 W Temporary
Load
1.2 [D + E(O) + P(O) + 1.4 EQ Temporary
Load
0.9 [D + E(O) + P(O)] + 1.4 EQ Temporary
Load
(c) Testing Condition 0.9[D + E(T) + P(T)] + L)]+ 1.6 W Temporary
Load
(d)Maintenance 0.9 [D + E(E) + P(E)] + 1.6 TB Temporary
Condition Load

SUMATRA SELATAN
5. ALLOWABLE STRESS AND BEARING CAPACITY
5.1 Basic Strength

a. Concrete
Concrete Grade water-cementations Compressive strength
ratio at 28 days (cylinder
spec)
fc’ = 4000 psi 0.30 – 0.35 fc’ = 28 MPa
fc’ = 3000 psi 0.30 – 0.35 fc’ = 21 MPa
fc’ = 2000 psi - fc’ = 14 MPa
b. Reinforcing Steel bar

Material Grade Yield strength
BjTD 40 or SD 390 fy = 400 MPa
c. Structural steel or pipe

Material grade Yield strength
SS 400 or STK 400 fy = 240 MPa
The elements of structural members such as shape steel, excluding girts, purling
strips and joists shall have a wall thickness of not less than 5 mm. Wall thickness of
the pipe shall not less than 2.5 mm.
Sectional properties for design of structural members shall be in accordance with JIS
G 3192.
d. High strength bolts

Material Grade Allowable Stress
ASTM A325 Tension = 300 MPa
(for nominal area of bolt)
Shear = 124 MPa
(for nominal area of bolt )
For connection design, allowable bearing stress of plate shall be taken into account in
accordance with AISC.

SUMATRA SELATAN
e. Mild steel bolts

Material grade Allowable Stress
ASTM A307 or JIS B1180 grade 4.6 Tension = 133.65 MPa
Shear = 66 MPa
f. Anchor Bolts
Material grade Allowable stress
ASTM A307 or JIS G3101 SS400 Tension = 137.30 MPa
Shear = 68.60 MPa
5.2 Increase of Allowable Stress

For temporary load condition, the material strength shall be increased by 33 % for
permissible stress design method.
5.3 Allowable Bearing Capacity of Soil & Pile Capacity

Allowable soil bearing capacity shall be design in accordance:
1. The allowable settlement of foundation shall be based on equipment requirements or
25 mm whichever is less.
2. Safety factor of bearing capacity shall be 3 for permanent load condition and 2 for
temporary load condition.
For allowable pile bearing capacity refer to “Calculation for Piling Capacity Design”.
6. STABILITY
Every building, structures and foundation shall be designed so that the safety factor shall
not be less than values mentioned below at any circumstances.
Overturning Sliding uplift
1. against permanent load condition 2.0 2.0 1.1
2. against temporary load condition 1.5 1.5 1.1
Friction force between soil and concrete shall be taken as a resistant force against sliding.
Passive soil pressure shall not be considered simultaneously.
Coefficient of friction of 0.3 shall be applied.

SUMATRA SELATAN
7. DEFLECTION
7.1 Vertical Deflection

The limiting permissible vertical deflection for structural steel members shall be as
specified below unless specified in vendor’s requirement.
• Gantry girder for electric overhead crane (capacity up to 50T) : L/750
• Gantry girder for manually operated crane : L/500
• Girder/beam for supporting dynamic equipment/ hoist : L/450
• Grating/ Checkered Plate : L/200 or ¼” whichever
is minimum.
• Purlins supporting any type of roofing material under
(dead load + live load) or (dead load + wind load) conditions : L/200
• Other structures/ structural components : L/200
Note:
- Where L represent the span.
- For deflection of concrete structures, the requirement shown in ACI 318 shall be
applied.
7.2 Horizontal Deflection

The limiting permissible horizontal deflection for multi storied steel structure/ building shall
be height/200 except for height/400 for crane girders.
8. REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES AND FOUNDATIONS
8.1 Design Method

In design of reinforced concrete structures, members shall be design in accordance with a
load factor method (or ultimate strength method) in ACI 318-89.
8.2 Minimum Rebar Diameter

1. For flexural reinforcement : D13
2. For tie beam or stirrups reinforcement : D10

SUMATRA SELATAN
8.3 Minimum Concrete Cover

The following minimum concrete cover shall be provided for reinforcement:
No. Items Minimum cover

(mm)
1. Concrete cast against and permanently
exposed to earth 70
2. Concrete exposed to earth or weather
a. D20 through D55 bars 50
b. D15 bar, W31 or D31 wire and smaller 40
3. Concrete not exposed to weather or in
contact with ground
a. Slabs, walls, joist:
- D45 and D 55 bars 40
- D35 bar and smaller 20
b. Beams, columns
- Primary reinforcement, ties, stirrups,
spirals 40
c. Shell, folded plate members
- D20 bar and larger 20
- D15 bar, W31 or D31 wire and smaller 15
8.4 Reinforcement of Pedestal of the Foundations

Ratio of reinforcement shall be the greater value of required by calculation or area of
anchor bolts in terms of ratio of yield strength of anchor bolt to rebar.
8.5 Shrinkage and Temperature Reinforcement

All structural concrete shall be reinforced on all faces of concrete to eliminate cracking.
8.6 Classification of Concrete Grade

Concrete Grade
(Cylinder Specimen) Application
fc’ = 14 MPa ( Type I cement ) Leveling concrete, fill and backfill concrete and
fire proofing concrete.
fc’ = 28 MPa ( Type I cement ) All above ground structure.(pavement)
General Foundation, grade beams, any
underground structure and pits.
fc’ = 21 MPa ( Type I cement ) Fireproof structure

SUMATRA SELATAN
fc’ = 28 MPa (Type V cement ) Foundation, Piles, Grade beams, any

underground structures and pits, containing
sulfur or any chemical mixture containing sulfur.
Concrete slump shall be as follows:
Table of Concrete Slump
Structure Maximum (mm) Minimum (mm)
Foundations 100 (150) 50 (100)
Pavement and Slab on Grade 100 (150) 25 (75)
Slabs, beam, walls, and 125 (175) 75 (100)
columns
( ) for the slump using concrete pump
8.7 Deflection
Reinforced concrete members subjected to flexure shall be designed to have adequate
stiffness to limit deflections or any deformations that affect strength or serviceability of a
structure adversely. The table below had shown the maximum permissible computed
deflections.
Type of Member Deflections to be Deflection Limitation
considered
Flat roofs not supporting or Immediate deflection due to L/180
attached to non structural live load L
element likely to be
damaged by large
deflections
Floors not supporting or Immediate deflection due to L/360
attached to non structural live load L
element likely to be
damaged by large
deflections
Roof construction That part of the total deflection L/480
supporting or attached to occurring after attachment of
non structural element likely non structural elements (sum
to be damaged by large of the long time deflection due
deflections to all sustained loads and the
immediate deflection due to
Floor construction L/240
any additional live load)
supporting or attached to
non structural element likely
to be damaged by large
deflections

SUMATRA SELATAN
8.8 Crack Width

The crack on the tension area of the reinforced concrete subjected to flexure should be
calculated based on the Gergery-Lutz expression as follow:
w = 1.11 × 10 −6 × β × fs × 3 dc × A
Where:
w = maximum crack width (mm)
β = height factor, in practical use the values of β = 1.2 and 1.35 are applicable for beams
and slabs respectively
fs = calculated stress in reinforcement at service loads (Mpa), in practical use, the values
of fs = 0.6 fy are applicable
dc = thickness of concrete cover measured from extreme fiber to center of bar located
closest there to (mm)
A = effective tension area divided by number of bars (mm2)
The limit crack width of 0.4 and 0.33 are correspond to the interior and exterior exposure
respectively.
Limit of crack width for retaining structures is 0.01 mm according to ACI 350
8.9 Small Footing

Small footing for light loads (under 0.9 ton) shall be square or rectangular, with a minimum
thickness of 200 mm.
The Foundation shall be stable, no shrinkage or no settlement.
8.10 Small Machinery Foundation

Small or light machinery includes all rotating equipment such as pumps or compressors
having a gross plan area of 0.93 m2 or less and/or a total mass of 0.9 ton or less. All such
equipment may rest on separate footing, or may be set on an adequate reinforced slab
having minimum thickness of 200 mm. The Foundation shall be stable, no shrinkage or
no settlement.
8.11 Large Rotating Equipment Foundation

1. Large rotating equipment is defined as all reciprocating equipment or machinery all
centrifugal compressors, turbines, fan, pumps, etc. and their drivers over 500 hp.
2. Foundation shall be reinforced concrete block proportioned so that the resultant of
vertical loads of the equipment, piping, the block itself, and any unbalanced inertia
forces lies within the base itself and 150 mm minimum below the top of the
foundations.
3. For all large rotating equipment foundations, a comprehensive Geotechnical Report is
to be prepared which will provide all the criteria required to carry out a Dynamic

SUMATRA SELATAN
Analysis. This should include the unit mass of the soil supporting the foundation and
its coefficient of sub grade reaction.
4. The bearing pressure under the foundation shall be limited to 75 % of the allowable
soil bearing capacity for static loads.
5. The ratio of operating speed (forcing frequency) to the “dampened” natural frequency
of the soil/foundation system must fall outside the ratio 0.6 to 1.8.
6. For large pumps with variable speed or gear drive, the resonance and frequency
calculations shall be carried out over the anticipated range of the speeds.
8.12 Stacks and Tall Structure

For free standing stacks 30 m or greater height the entire foundation may remain in
compression or tension for the design overturning moment.
8.13 Electronic Pole Foundation

For electronic pole foundation minimum depth shall be 1200mm or the entire foundation
may remain in compression or tension for the design overturning moment.
8.14 Exchangers and Horizontal Pressure Vessels

1. Two pedestal supported by spread footings or piles shall in principles be used, and if
necessary, foundation tie beams shall be used.
2. Calculation of stresses shall be made based on assumption that connecting part
between the saddle base of equipment and the top of foundation pedestal is in stage
of pin for a horizontal force in direction of the axis of equipment and it is rigid for a
horizontal force in the direction at a right angle to the axis of equipment.
3. The tube bundle pulling forces shall be applied at the axis of equipment concerned. If
the force to be carried by sliding side exceeds the friction force thereof, the pulling
force shall be carried by fixed side only.
8.15 Air Cooler Foundation

Free standing air coolers shall support on spread footings or piles. The grade beam shall
be 250 mm minimum width and shall be 300 mm above grade.
8.16 Combined Footing

Combined footings shall be designed that the resultant of all normal long term operating
loads placed thereon coincide with the center of gravity of the footing within 5 %.
8.17 Foundation on Top Elevation

1. The top of concrete pedestals or grade beam shall be flush with the floor slab, and at
least 150 mm above finished grade elevations.
2. The top of concrete pedestals under steel column bases for pipe racks or open
structural framing and legs and/or skirts on vertical vessels and towers shall be 300
mm above finished grade or paving, unless otherwise indicated.
3. The elevations shall allow for minimum of 25 mm grout under column base plates and
equipment.

SUMATRA SELATAN
8.18 Pipe Trenches

1. Pipe trenches shall be avoided if at all possible. If required, the pipe trenches shall be
of reinforced concrete with minimum thickness of 150 mm for wall and floor.
2. The trench floor shall have 1 % minimum slope to a maximum of 150 mm.
9. SEWER AND DRAINAGE
The design requirements for collecting and segregating various wastes shall be in
accordance with document Specification for Road, Pavement, Sewage, Drainage and
Fencing.
9.1 Discharge Method

1. Oily Water Drain
Oily water is collected in sewer line and shall run through underground carbon steel
pipe or HDPE pipe.
2. Storm Water Sewer (Non contaminated sewer)
Non contaminated water shall flow through open ditches.
At road crossing, the water in open ditches shall flow through RD pipes or RC culverts.
Natural drainage courses shall be utilized whenever possible.
3. Chemical Sewer
Chemical sewer shall run through underground PVC or HDPE pipe as appropriate for
the acidity and alkalinity of the chemicals in the sewer.
4. Sanitary Sewer
Sanitary sewer shall run through underground PVC pipe or HDPE pipe.
9.2 Rainfall Intensity

The design rainfall intensity shall use I = 100 mm/hr
9.3 Run off Coefficient

Runoff coefficients shall be as follows:
Roofs or paved areas ……………. C = 1.0
Compacted gravel, or clay area …. C = 0.5
Undeveloped areas…………… … C = 0.4
9.4 Minimum Earth Covering

1. Minimum earth cover for the pipes will be follows :
a. Steel pipe = 450 mm
b. Reinforced concrete pipe = 500 mm
c. One half of the pipe diameter if greater than (a) and (b)

SUMATRA SELATAN
2. At road crossing and when the earth cover is less than (a), (b) and (c), the stress of
pipe shall be checked by the calculation based on the natural loading condition or the
pipe shall be protected by concrete encasement.
9.5 Minimum Pipe Size

Pipe size depend to sufficient for sewer and drainage condition
9.6 Discharge (O) Formula

Calculation of discharge shall be made by “Rational Formula “:
Q = CIA / 360 (m3/sec)
Where:
C = Run-off coefficient
I = Rainfall intensity (mm/hr)
A = Catchment Area (ha)
9.7 Velocity (V) Formula

1. Calculation of discharge volume shall be made by “ Manning Formula “
2. The Maximum average velocity shall be 2.0 m/sec for lined ditch and 0.6 m/sec for
unlined ditch. The limitation is not applied to side ditches along roads outside facility
fence and pipe culvert.
V = 1/n R2/3 S1/2
Q = VA
Where:
Q : discharge (m3/sec)
V : velocity (m/sec)
A : cross sectional area of flow (m2)
S : hydraulic gradient (m/m)
R : hydraulic radius (m)
n : coefficient of roughness
concrete ditch = 0.014
RC pipe, ductile iron pipe, steel pipe and PVC pipe = 0.013
Corrugated metal pipe = 0.024
Unlined ditch = 0.024
9.8 Slope
Road crossing culvert shall have a minimum slope 0.25 %
9.9 Fire Water

For process areas the surface run off volumes shall be based on firewater or storm water
whichever greater.
SUMATRA SELATAN
9.10 Manholes
Manhole shall be provided at a maximum 100 m distances for underground sewer lines.
9.11 Open Ditches

1. Unlined ditch
Unlined ditch shall be trapezoidal in cross section and 1.5 horizontal to 1 vertical
slope, minimum bottom width 0.0 m. Any surface protection is not required.
2. Concrete line ditch
Concrete line ditch shall be trapezoidal in cross section, minimum bottom width 0.3 m,
1 horizontal to 1 vertical slope.
3. Concrete U ditch
Concrete width of concrete U ditch shall be 0.3 m , unless noted otherwise
4. Pipe Culvert at slope
Pipe culvert shall be provided for flow lines with more than 10 % gradient.
9.12 Materials
1. Piping
Sewer and drainage piping materials will be as follows:
a. Oily water line : C.S.P
b. Oil contaminated water line : C. S. P; R.C.P
c. Clean water line (road crossing) : R.C.P; C. M.P
a. Sanitary water line :
- C.S.P : Carbon steel pipe
- R.C.P : Reinforced concrete pipe
- P.V.C : Polyvinyl chloride pipe
- C.M.P : Corrugated metal pipe
2. Manholes
Manholes, catch basin, etc. will be made of reinforced concrete.
3. Coating
Coating to be applied to outer surface of buried C.S.P sewer pipe
10. ROAD AND PAVEMENT
10.1 General
General requirement for road & pavement such as road classification, width and radius
etc shall be in accordance with Doc No FCG-CIV-SPC-003 “Specification for Road
Design”

SUMATRA SELATAN
10.2 Road
1) Slope
Transversal Slope, Road = 2%
Transversal Slope, Shoulder = 5%
Max Longitudinal Slope = 6.7%
2) Road Design Criteria
- Unless otherwise specified, the following is the design criteria to be used as basis of
design for site road.
- Field CBR test or plate load test shall be conducted to confirm design basis.
- Sub grade shall be compacted 95% to Proctor Standard
- Pavement Type for all roads : Wearing course is gravel with 100-150
mm thickness
- Width of Paved Surface :6m
- Pavement Slope (Transversal) :2%
- Width of Shoulders (each side) : 1.0 m
- Shoulder Slope (Transversal) : 5%
- Design Axle Loads (Single) : 18000 lbs (80.07 kN)
- Cycle Frequency : 5 per hour
- Service Life (base & sub-base) : 20 years
10.3 Gravel Surfacing

1) Vehicular movement area (maintenance area)
- Unit : walkway and gravel around of foundation 100 mm thick
2) Non vehicular movement area
- Unit : walkway and gravel around of foundation 50 mm thick
- Offsite pump station : Gravel 50 mm thick
- LPG sphere/bullet area : Gravel 100 mm thick
11. SOFT WARE
Computer soft ware shall be used for structure design in this project are STAAD Pro or
other programs related to design.


JATA-CIV-SPC-001 - General Spec For Civ & Struct

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PROYEK MINI LPG PLANT LAPANGAN JATA

0 18 Nov 2010 Issued for Information AR FJW DAG

Document No. Revision Status

GENERAL SPECIFICATION FOR CIVIL AND STRUCTURE

1.1 Scope ........................................................................................................................... 5

1.2 Related Specifications ................................................................................................. 5

1.3 References ................................................................................................................... 5

1.4 Language and Unit ...................................................................................................... 6

1.5 Design Condition.......................................................................................................... 7

2. MAJOR MATERIALS ............................................................................................................. 7

2.1 Concrete ....................................................................................................................... 7

2.2 Structural Steel............................................................................................................. 8

3. DESIGN LOADS .................................................................................................................... 9

3.2 Dead Loads (D).......................................................................................................... 10

3.3 Live Loads (L) ............................................................................................................ 10

3.4 Equipment Load ......................................................................................................... 11

3.5 Piping Load ................................................................................................................ 12

3.6 Handling Device Load/ Impact Load (I)..................................................................... 12

3.7 Wind Loads (W) ......................................................................................................... 13

3.8 Earthquake/ Seismic Loads (EQ) .............................................................................. 14

3.9 Vibrating Load (Vi) ..................................................................................................... 16

3.10 Thermal Forces (T) .................................................................................................... 16

3.11 Soil Pressure (SP) ..................................................................................................... 17

3.12 Liquid Pressure (LP) .................................................................................................. 19

3.13 Tube Bundle Pulling Forces (TB) .............................................................................. 19

3.14 Vehicular Loads (Vh) .................................................................................................. 19

3.15 Blast Loads................................................................................................................. 19

4. LOAD COMBINATIONS ...................................................................................................... 19

4.2 Loading Combination for Allowable Stress Design .................................................. 19

4.3 Factored Loading Combinations for Reinforced Concrete Design .......................... 21

5. ALLOWABLE STRESS AND BEARING CAPACITY ......................................................... 22

5.1 Basic Strength ............................................................................................................ 22

5.2 Increase of Allowable Stress ..................................................................................... 23

5.3 Allowable Bearing Capacity of Soil & Pile Capacity ................................................. 23

7.1 Vertical Deflection ...................................................................................................... 24

7.2 Horizontal Deflection .................................................................................................. 24

8. REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES AND FOUNDATIONS ................................ 24

8.1 Design Method ........................................................................................................... 24

8.2 Minimum Rebar Diameter ......................................................................................... 24

8.3 Minimum Concrete Cover.......................................................................................... 25

8.4 Reinforcement of Pedestal of the Foundations ........................................................ 25

8.5 Shrinkage and Temperature Reinforcement ............................................................ 25

8.6 Classification of Concrete Grade............................................................................... 25

8.7 Deflection ................................................................................................................... 26

8.8 Crack Width................................................................................................................ 27

8.9 Small Footing ............................................................................................................. 27

8.10 Small Machinery Foundation ..................................................................................... 27

8.11 Large Rotating Equipment Foundation ..................................................................... 27

8.12 Stacks and Tall Structure........................................................................................... 28

8.13 Electronic Pole Foundation........................................................................................ 28

Document No. : JATA-CIV-SPC-001

8.14 Exchangers and Horizontal Pressure Vessels ......................................................... 28

8.15 Air Cooler Foundation ................................................................................................ 28

8.16 Combined Footing ..................................................................................................... 28

8.17 Foundation on Top Elevation .................................................................................... 28

8.18 Pipe Trenches ............................................................................................................ 29

9. SEWER AND DRAINAGE ................................................................................................... 29

9.1 Discharge Method...................................................................................................... 29

9.2 Rainfall Intensity ......................................................................................................... 29

9.3 Run off Coefficient...................................................................................................... 29

9.4 Minimum Earth Covering ........................................................................................... 29

9.5 Minimum Pipe Size .................................................................................................... 30

9.6 Discharge (O) Formula .............................................................................................. 30

JATA-CIV-SPC-002 Specification of Site Preparation and Earth Work