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A salt is an ionic compound formed when the hydrogen atom in an acid is replaced
by a metal ion or ammonium ion.
Neutralization is one common reaction whereby a salt is produced.
An acid reacts with a base (neutralization reaction) to produce a salt and water.
The salt consists of two parts – one part is from the acid, while the other is from the base.
E.g. KOH+HCl→KCl+H2O
The potassium part of the salt (potassium chloride – KCl) is from the base and the chloride part
is from the acid.
The table below shows the solubility of the different types of salts in water. (IMPORTANT!)

Type of salt Soluble In Water Exceptions

Ammonium Salts Yes –
Nitrate Salts Yes –
Ethanoate Salts Yes –
Alkali metal (Group Yes –
I) Salts
Silver chloride
Chloride Salts Yes, (With some Lead(II) chloride
exceptions) Mercury chloride
Calcium sulphate
Sulphate Salts Yes, (With some Lead(II) sulphate
exceptions) Barium sulphate

Alkali metal carbonates

(e.g. sodium
No,(With some carbonate)
Carbonate Salts exceptions)
Ammonium carbonate

Lead(II) nitrate

Lead Salts
No,(With some Lead(II) ethanoate
exceptions)

Preparation of Salts
The most efficient way of preparing salts is the way whereby the salt can be easily
extracted without loss of yield.
The table below shows the overview of the different preparation methods.

Salt Prepared Preparation Method Extraction Method Examples

Filter any excess solid Acid + metal

Soluble Solution + excess solid

Evaporate the filtrate Acid + carbonate(s)

Acid + base(s)

Solution + solution Acid + alkali(aq)

Soluble Evaporate
(via titration) Acid + carbonate(aq)
Insoluble Solution + solution Filter out precipitate Solution + solution