Report 05012

abc
February 2005
Report 05012
32 to 64 slice CT scanner
comparison report version 12
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32 to 64 slice CT scanner
comparison report version 12
David Platten, Nicholas Keat

Maria Lewis, Sue Edyvean
ImPACT
Bence Jones Offices
St George’s Hospital
London SW17 0QT
Tel: +44 (0) 20 8725 3366

Fax: +44 (0) 20 8725 3969
e-mail: impact@impactscan.org
For more information on ImPACT visit www.impactscan.org
© Crown Copyright 2005
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Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office (HMSO).
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(www.hmso.gov.uk) or e-mail: hmsolicensing@cabinet-office.x.gsi.gov.uk.
The MHRA is an executive agency of the Department of Health.
ISBN 1 84182 943 9

Contents
Introduction 5
Purpose of this report .............................................................................5
Comparison method ...............................................................................5
Specification comparison........................................................................5
Scanners covered in this report ..............................................................6
Table 1: Scanners covered in this report ................................................6
Specification comparison 7
Table 2: Scanner gantry .........................................................................7
Table 3: Couch .......................................................................................8
Table 4: X-ray generator.........................................................................8
Table 5: X-ray tube .................................................................................9
Table 6: Detection system ......................................................................9
Table 7: System start-up and calibration ..............................................10
Table 8: Scan parameters ....................................................................10
Table 9: Helical scanning......................................................................11
Table 10: Scan projection radiography (SPR) ......................................12
Table 11: Manufacturers' performance data .........................................12
Table 12: Factors affecting image quality .............................................13
Table 13: Operator's console................................................................14
Table 14: Main computer ......................................................................14
Table 15: Image storage.......................................................................15
Table 16: Image reconstruction on main console .................................16
Table 17: 3D reconstruction display......................................................16
Table 18: Optional facilities...................................................................17

Table 19: Installation requirements.......................................................18
Table 20: Independent workstation.......................................................19
Table 21: Image transfer and connectivity ............................................19
Appendix 1: ImPACT and the MHRA 20
Background ..........................................................................................20
ImPACT ................................................................................................20
MHRA support to purchasers and users...............................................20
4
Introduction
Purpose of this report

In May 2003 the UK Government announced a £90 million fund to replace all CT and
MRI scanners installed before 1997 as part of the NHS Cancer Plan.
ImPACT have produced comparison reports for each phase of the purchase
program. The primary aim of these reports is to aid the equipment selection process
by providing comparisons of CT scanners that are currently on the market.
This report is for phase 7 of the Cancer Plan funding. There are separate reports for
six to ten, sixteen, and 32 to 64 slice CT scanners, as well as a report on wide bore
systems.
The scope of this report is limited to CT scanners that are capable of acquiring
between 32 and 64 sets of attenuation data per tube rotation.
Comparison method
The data given in this report are representative of the scanners as of February 2005,
and are liable to change as the performance of individual scanner models is changed
and upgraded. In particular, optional features such as workstations and software
packages may be listed as standard for the scanner replacement programme, but
may not be included in other, separate scanner purchases.
There are two main areas for comparison of the scanners: performance and
specification. None of the scanners in this report have, at the time of publication of
this report, been tested by ImPACT, so the scope of this report is restricted to a
comparison of system specifications.
Specification comparison
The specification comparison is presented as a side-by-side summary comparison of
the specification of each scanner, workstation and related equipment. It is grouped
into a series of sub-sections relating to different aspects of the scanner, such as
gantry, tube and detectors etc. Manufacturers supplied the specification data in
response to a template issued by ImPACT. The data has not been verified by
ImPACT.
5
Introduction
Scanners covered in this report

At the time of writing, there are four manufacturers of medical CT scanners that sell
their systems in the UK (in alphabetical order); GE Medical Systems, Philips Medical
Systems, Siemens AG and Toshiba Medical Systems. The systems capable of
imaging between 32 and 64 slices per gantry rotation are listed below.
Table 1: Scanners covered in this report

Manufacturer Scanner model
GE LightSpeed Pro32
GE LightSpeed VCT
Philips Brilliance CT 40 Power
Philips Brilliance CT 64 Power
Siemens Somatom Sensation 64
Toshiba Aquilion 32
Toshiba Aquilion 64
The GE LightSpeed Pro32 features a detector layout consisting of 32 x 0.63 mm and

16 x 1.25 mm detector banks with a z-axis coverage of 40 mm. The maximum gantry
rotation speed is 0.35 s.
The GE LightSpeed VCT is a 64-slice system with 64 x 0.625 mm detector banks,
and a z-axis coverage of 40 mm.
The Philips Brilliance CT 40 Power has 40 x 0.625 mm and 12 x 1.25 mm detector
banks, covering 40 mm along the z-axis. The fastest rotation time available is 0.4 s.
The Philips Brilliance CT 64 Power comes with 64 x 0.625 mm detectors, allowing
40 mm z-axis coverage with 0.625 mm slices, and features a maximum rotation
speed of 0.4 s.
The Siemens Somatom Sensation 64 has 32 x 0.6 mm and 8 x 1.2 mm detector
rows. Using their z-Sharp technology the 0.6 mm detectors are double sampled
along the z-axis, resulting in 64 interleaved 0.6 mm data channels. The standard
maximum gantry rotation speed is 0.37 s, but there is an option to upgrade this to
0.33 s.
The Toshiba Aquilion 32 and 64 are based on the same hardware. The systems have
64 x 0.5 mm detector banks, and a maximum rotation speed of 0.4 s.
6
In order to limit the number of columns in the following comparison scanners with
similar specifications have been listed together. Where differences exist, square
brackets are used to denote the specification of the second system. This is the case
for the following systems:
• GE LightSpeed Pro32 and LightSpeed VCT, where the VCT specifications are
shown in square brackets.
• Philips Brilliance CT 40 Power and 64 Power models, where the 64-slice
system is in brackets.
• Toshiba Aquilion 32 and 64 systems, where the 64-slice specifications are in
brackets.
Table 2: Scanner gantry

Philips Brilliance Toshiba
GE LightSpeed Pro Siemens
CT 40 Aquilion 32
32 [VCT] Sensation 64
[64] [Aquilion 64]
Generation 3rd 3rd 3rd 3rd
Slipring Low voltage Low voltage Low voltage Low voltage
Aperture (cm) 70 70 70 72
Scan fields of view (cm) 25 and 50 25 and 50 50, 70 option 18, 24, 32, 40, 50
0.6, 1.0, 1.2, 1.8,
0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 5 2.0, 2.4, 3, 3.6, 4.8, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8
Nominal slice widths for axial scans (mm) 0.5 - 10
[0.625, 1.25, 2.5, 10] 5, 6, 9, 10, 12 (7.2 (all 4-slice mode)
option)
Tilt range (degrees) ± 30 ± 30 ± 30 ± 30
Type of positioning lights Laser Laser Laser Laser
±1
± 0.5 at centre of
Accuracy of positioning lights (mm) at any laser to ±1 ±1
gantry
patient distance
7
Table 3: Couch
GE LightSpeed Pro Siemens Sensation
CT 40 Aquilion 32
32 [VCT] 64
[64] [Aquilion 64]
Couch top material Carbon fibre Carbon fibre Carbon fibre Carbon fibre
285 x 45 (or 42 just 243 x 41 243 x 40 219 (std) or
Couch top length and width (cm)
for cradle) (just for cradle) (just for cradle) 189 (short) x 47
219 (std)
Horizontal movement range (cm) 200 200 200
189 (short)
Horizontal movement speeds (mm/sec) up to 175 0.5 - 100 1 - 150 10 or 130
Accuracy/reproducibility of table
± 0.25 ± 0.25 ± 0.25 ± 0.25
positioning (mm)
Scannable horizontal range without table 200 (Axial), 187 180 (std)
162 157
top extension (cm) (Helical & Scout) 150 (short)
Scannable horizontal range with table top 170 (Axial), 160 180 (std)
192 157
extension(s) (cm) (Helical & Scout) 150 (short)
Vertical movement range out of gantry
43 - 99 52-104 53 - 102 31 - 95.4
(cm)
Vertical movement range in gantry (cm) 88 - 99 85 - 104 86 - 102 77.9 - 95.4
Minimum couch top height outside gantry

43 52 53 31
(cm)
Maximum weight allowed on couch (kg) 225 204 200 205
Maximum weight on couch which still

205 (±0.25mm)
achieves stated performance 204 200 205
225 (±1mm)
specifications (kg)
Table 4: X-ray generator

CT 40 Aquilion 32
32 [VCT] 64
[64] [Aquilion 64]
Type High frequency High frequency High frequency High frequency
Location Rotation assembly Rotation assembly Rotation assembly Rotation assembly
Power rating (kW) 100 60 70 60

kV settings available 80, 100, 120, 140 90, 120, 140 80, 100, 120, 140 80, 100, 120, 135
10 - 50
10 - 800 30 - 500 28 - 580 (5mA steps)
mA Range and Step size
(5mA steps) (1mA steps) (1mA steps) 50 - 500
(10mA steps)
80kV: 675mA 80 kV: 500mA 80 kV: 500mA
90kV: 500mA
100kV: 770mA 100kV: 500mA 100 kV: 500mA
Max. mA allowed for each kV 120kV: 500mA
120kV: 800mA 120kV: 580mA 120kV: 500mA
140kV: 430mA
140kV: 715mA 140kV: 500mA 135kV: 430mA
8
Table 5: X-ray tube

CT 40 Aquilion 32
32 [VCT] 64
[64] [Aquilion 64]
Type and make GE Performix Pro Philips MRC Siemens Straton Toshiba Megacool
Focal spot size(s) (mm), quoted to IEC 0.6 x 0.7 0.5 x 1.0 0.6x0.7, 0.7x0.7, 0.9 x 0.8
336/93 standard 0.9 x 0.9 1.0 x 1.0 0.8x1.1 1.6 x 1.4
Automatically
Settings at which focal spot changes
Info. not available Info. not available selected dependent Info. not available
from small to large
on scan protocols
Total filtration (inherent + beam shaping > 1 (inherent)

6.8 (70kV, head)
filter) at central axis 7 6.8 1.5 - 10 (wedge
9.5 (70kV, body)
(mm Al equivalent) dependent)
Anode heat capacity (MHU) 8 8 0.6, equiv to 30 7.5
Maximum anode cooling rate (kHU/min) 1782 1608 5000 1386
Method of cooling Oil to air Oil to air Oil to air Oil to forced air
1 year unlimited 1 year unlimited 1 year unlimited
Guaranteed tube life 300,000 rotations
guarantee guarantee guarantee
Table 6: Detection system

CT 40 Aquilion 32
32 [VCT] 64
[64] [Aquilion 64]
Solid state Solid state (High Solid state (Ultra
Detector type Solid state
(HiLight / Lumex) speed ceramic) Fast Ceramic)
888 (plus 18 672 896 (plus 1 pair ref

Number of detectors per row 690
reference elements) (1344 channels) detectors tube side)
Number of elements along z-axis 48 [64] 52 [64] 40 64

32 x 0.625 40 x 0.625,
Effective length of each element at 32 x 0.6,
16 x 1.25 12 x 1.25 64 x 0.5
isocentre (mm) 8 x 1.2
[64 x 0.625] [64 x 0.625]
Total effective length of detector array at
40 40 28.8 32
isocentre (mm)
Option to upgrade to
Upgradeable to all Yes, 64
Future option for more slices / rotation 64 Yes
Brilliance levels [None currently]
[None currently]
9
Table 7: System start-up and calibration

CT 40 Aquilion 32
32 [VCT] 64
[64] [Aquilion 64]
Power-on to warm-up time from fully off

2 5 4 2
(mins)
Tube warm-up time from 'cold' to 2 (0 in an

1.23 2-3 0
operating temperature (mins) emergency)
Time to perform detector calibrations at Included in tube Part of warm up
5 1
warm-up (mins) warm-up procedure
Recommended frequency for any

Once every 24 hours 1 to 3 weeks Not required Not required
additional calibration by the radiographer
Time to perform these additional

10 2 Not required Not required
calibrations (mins)
Total time from fully off to scanning in an
<3 5 4 2
emergency (mins)
Table 8: Scan parameters

CT 40 Aquilion 32
32 [VCT] 64
[64] [Aquilion 64]
Reconstruction fields of view (cm) 9.6 to 50 5 - 50 (0.1 steps) 5 - 50 0.05 - 50
Extended scan field of view (cm) Info. not available Info. not available 70 option Info. not available
64x0.6, 20x0.6, 32x0.5, 32x1, 16x2,

12x0.6, 24x1.2, 6x3, 4x0.5, 4x1, 4x2, 4x3,
8x0.625, 32x0.625,
40x0.625, 32x1.25, 3x6, 2x9, 12x2.4, 4x4, 4x6, 4x8
Nominal slice widths (mm) and number of 32x1.25
16x2.5, 2x0.5 6x4.8, 4x7.2, 3x9.6, [64x0.5, 32x0.5,
simultaneous slices (axial scans) [8x0.625, 32x0.625,
[64x0.625, 2x0.5] 2x14.4, 1x5, 1x10, 32x1, 16x2, 4x0.5,

64x0.625]
6x0.6, 3x1.2, 2x1.8, 4x1, 4x2, 4x3, 4x4,
1x3.6 4x6, 4x8]
0.3*, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.22* (option), 0.25*, (0.25* , 0.4 option)
Scan times for axial scans (s) 0.3*,0.4 0.5, 0.75,
0.7, 0.8, 0.9, 1, 2 0.33*, 0.33 (option), 0.32*, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0,
* = Partial scans 1, 1.5, 2
(360° rotation) 0.37, 0.5, 0.67*, 1.0 1.5, 2.0, 3.0
kV settings available 80, 100, 120, 140 90, 120, 140 80, 100, 120, 140 80, 100, 120, 135
10 - 50
10 - 800 30 - 500 28 - 580 (5mA steps)
mA Range and Step size
(5mA steps) (1mA steps) (1mA steps) 50 - 500
(10mA steps)
80kV: 675mA 80 kV: 500mA 80 kV: 500mA

90kV: 500mA
100kV: 770mA 100kV: 500mA 100 kV: 500mA
Max. mA allowed for each kV 120kV: 500mA
120kV: 800mA 120kV: 580mA 120kV: 500mA
140kV: 430mA
140kV: 715mA 140kV: 500mA 135kV: 430mA
10
Table 9: Helical scanning

CT 40 Aquilion 32
32 [VCT] 64
[64] [Aquilion 64]
0.35*, 0.375*, 0.4,
0.425*, 0.45*,
0.475*, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.33 (option), 0.37, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5
Rotation times for helical scanning (s) 0.4, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5
0.8, 0.9, 1 0.5, 1.0 (0.4 option)
(*Cardiac Helical
Mode)
32, 16, 4 (all rotation

Number of simultaneous slices at each times)
32 [64] 40 [64] 64
rotation time [64, 32, 16, 4 (all
rotation times)]
For 32 slices: 0.625 -

0.906 / 1.125 - 1.5
(increment 0.003)
For 16 slices: 0.625 -
1.0 / 1.125 - 1.5
0.515:1
Pitches available for routine scanning 0.13 -1.7 0.45 - 2.0 (increment 0.006)
0.984:1
(range and increment) freely selectable freely selectable For MUSCOT: 0.625
1.375:1
-0.875 / 1.125 - 1.5
(increment 0.125)
[For 64 slices: 0.625
- 0.906 / 1.109 - 1.5
(increment 0.001)]
Any pitch may be

0.515:1 0.6875, 0.9375,
Recommended pitches for optimal image used to optimise 0.45 - 2.0
0.984:1 1.4375
quality dose vs image freely selectable
1.375:1 [0.828]
quality
SureView, AMPR
Cobra -
GE Proprietary 3D cone-beam artefact
Helical interpolation algorithms available Cone Beam TCOT and MUSCOT
algorithms reduction and z-
Reconstruction
sharp technology
200 rotations at 270-

Maximum number of rotations in one 160 (324mA, .5s)
380 mA at 0.6 s [200 200 at 0.5s
helical run at standard abdomen 200 176 (300mA, .5s)
rotations at 230- (250 at 0.4 option)
parameters 200 (273mA, .5s)
325mA at 0.6s]
Maximum continuous scan time (s) 60 100 100 100

Starting with a cold tube, the maximum
helical scan distance using a 1 mm 1900 1750 (std)
1920 1570
imaged slice thickness and a pitch of 1.5 (at pitch of 1.375:1) 1450 (short)
(mm)
Gantry tilt range for helical scanning
± 30 ± 30 ± 30 ± 30
(degrees)
11
Table 10: Scan projection radiography (SPR)

CT 40 Power [64 Aquilion 32
32 [VCT] 64
Power] [Aquilion 64]
1800 (std)
Maximum SPR length (mm) 1900 1500 1536
1500 (short)
width:
240, 400, 500
SPR field dimensions (mm x mm) 500 x 1900 500 x 1500 500 x 1536 length:
200 - 1800 (std),
1500 (short)
0°, 90°, 180°, 270°,
Angular positions of X-ray tube available 0 - 359°
0°, 90°, 180° AP, PA, LAT and any angle in 5°
for SPR (1° steps)
steps
Real time image No No Yes Yes
Accuracy of slice prescription from the
± 0.25 ± 0.25 ± 0.5 ± 0.25
scanogram (mm)
Accuracy of distance measurements from
< 2 x image
SPR's taken at isocentre (lateral and ± 0.25 ± 0.5 < ± 0.5
pixel size
axial directions) (mm)
Table 11: Manufacturers' performance data

CT 40 Aquilion 32
32 [VCT] 64
[64] [Aquilion 64]
MTF0: x,y-15.4 MTF2: 21.4 lp/cm

MTF0: 24 lp/cm MTF0: 30
Spatial resolution (lp/cm) for sharpest MTF10: x,y-13.9 (120 kV, 200mA, 2
(0.75 s, 2.5 mm (0.75 s, U95u,
clinical algorithm. Acquisition parameters Z axis MTF Pending mm slice width, 1s,
slice, 25 cm scan 50 mm FOV,
in brackets. (10cm DFOV, Edge 240 mm FOV, FC90
FOV, E alg) small focus)
alg, Small Focus) alg, small focus)
4.0 mm @ 0.3% 120

4 mm @ 0.3% @
kVp, 330 mA, 0.75 Spiral: 5 mm @
Contrast resolution: smallest rod size 21,8 mGy: 120kV,
sec, 10 mm slice, 25 0.3% @ 17 mGy:
(mm) discernable at given parameters in Info. not available 190 mAs, 240 mm
cm FOV, EB filter, 120 kV, 180 mAs,10
20 cm CATPHAN FOV, FC41, 8 mm
27 mGy at center of mm
slice
phantom
Air: ± 10
CT number accuracy (HU) Water : ± 3 ±4 Water: ± 3
Water: ± 4
120kV, 20 x 1.2mm
CTDI settings for std head 120kVp, 20 mm 120kV, 40 mm 120kV, 4 x 4 mm
(24 x 1.2 - 2005)
CTDI (mGy/100mAs), centre of head 10.0 (Wedge 1)

17.9 12.8 13.7 (13.4)
phantom 18.4 (Wedge 2)
CTDI (mGy/100mAs), periphery of head 11.1 (Wedge 1)
18.7 Info. not available 13.8 (13.7)
20 x 1.2mm
CTDI settings for std body 120 kVp, 20 mm 120kV, 24 mm 120 kV, 4 x 4 mm
(24 x 1.2 - 2005)
CTDI (mGy/100mAs), centre of body 3.5 (Wedge 1)
5.4 6.5 4.5 (4.3)
CTDI (mGy/100mAs), periphery of body 7.3 (Wedge 1)
11.2 Info. not available 7.9 (7.8)
20 x 1.2 : 27 mm
32 : 38 ± 9.5 (s)
Dose profile FWHM (mm) (focal spot size ± 10% for all (small)
Info. not available 16 : 20 ± 5.0 (s)
in brackets) collimations (24 x 1.2 : 32 mm
8 : 12 ± 3.6 (s)
(small))
12
Table 12: Factors affecting image quality

CT 40 Aquilion 32
32 [VCT] 64
[64] [Aquilion 64]
Post-patient collimation for narrow slices No No No No
Automatic mA control Doseright ACS and Yes

3D Dose Modulation SureExposure
(AEC / mA modulation) software DOM + cardiac (CAREDose 4D)
- mA adjustment for patient size Yes Yes Yes Yes

- mA adjustment along the z-axis Yes Yes Yes Yes
- mA modulation during rotation Yes Yes Yes No
Adaptive image
Low signal enhancement or Yes
Adaptive filtration for noise reduction Yes (automatic)
correction smoothing for three (quantum denoising)
density ranges
Quarter detector shift Yes Yes Yes Yes

Moving (dynamic/flying) focal spot No Yes Yes No
672
Number of imaging detectors per row 888 672 896
(1344 channels)
1800 (0.5s scan)
Sampling frequency (Hz) 2460 4640 Max. 4640
1200 (>0.5s)
Modified beam
Iterative Bone hardening Beam hardening
Option (IBO), (abdomen, pelvis, correction
Iterative bone
Motion correction shoulder), Motion Raster Art.
correction, COBRA
Reconstruction of correction Suppression
Artefact reduction algorithms cone beam
thick slices from (sequential modes), Protocol (RASP)
reconstruction,
thinner ones to Posterior Fossa Stack scanning
combined slice
reduce partial optimisation, z- Automatic patient
volume effects Sharp motion correction
Reconstruction
Cone beam Yes, SureView and

GE Proprietary 3D TCOT (modified
Cone beam correction reconstruction AMPR cone-beam
algorithms Feldkamp method)
(COBRA) artefact reduction
13
Table 13: Operator's console

CT 40 Aquilion 32
32 [VCT] 64
[64] [Aquilion 64]
Diagonal dimension of image screen
20 18 (LCD) 18.1 18 (LCD)
(inches)
2 (acquisition/
2 (patient info and 2 (patient set up and 2 (acquisition/
Number of monitors at console (functions review and
technique selection / acquisition / review, review and
of each if > 1) processing) (shared
image display) recon and filming) processing)
database)
512 x 512, 768 x 512 x 512, 640 x
Image area matrix dimensions 1024 x 1024 1024 x 1024
768, 1024 x 1024 640, 1024 x 1024
-1024 to +3071
Usual range of CT Number displayed
-31743 to +31743 -1024 to + 3094 (-10,240 to 30,710 if -1024 to +8191
(HU)
metal implants)
Accuracy of distance measurements in x- < 2 times depends on
± 0.25 <1
y plane (mm) image pixel size pixel size
Weighted CTDI (CTDIw or CTDIvol)
Yes Yes Yes Yes
displayed on console
Dose Length Product (DLP) displayed on
Yes Yes Yes Yes
console
Geometric Efficiency displayed on
Yes Yes No Yes
console when <70%
Mouse, trackball,
Control methods Mouse, keyboard Mouse, keyboard Mouse, keyboard
keyboard
Table 14: Main computer

CT 40 Aquilion 32
32 [VCT] 64
[64] [Aquilion 64]
Siemens PC 2 x Dual Processor

Make and model HP XW8000 Dell Xeon compatible with Reconstruction
array processors processor
Operating system Linux RedHat 7.3 Windows XP Windows XP Windows

3.06Ghz (scan
12 x Pentium Xeon
Type and speed of CPU 2 x 2.88 GHz 2 x 3.06 GHz console and display
3.2 GHz
console)
3.0 (scan console)

Amount of computer RAM supplied as
4 4 20 3.0 (display console)
standard (Gbytes)
76.0 (recon unit)
3.0 (scan console)

Maximum amount of computer RAM
22 4 20 3.0 (display console)
(Gbytes)
76.0 (recon unit)
14
Table 15: Image storage

CT 40 Aquilion 32
32 [VCT] 64
[64] [Aquilion 64]
Total standard hard disk capacity
438 [803] 880 800 1060
(Gbytes)
Maximum hard disk capacity (Gbytes) 438 [1095] 880 800 1060
Hard disk capacity for image storage
146 292 146 180
(Gbytes and no. of uncompressed
(250,000 images) (514,000 images) (260,000 images) (160,000 images)
512x512 images)
292 (4770 32 slice 588

Hard disk capacity for storage of raw axial raw data files) (195,000 data files) 720
300
data files (Gbytes and no. of data files) [584 (4770 64 slice [100 (195,000 data (3600 rotations)
axial raw data files)] files)]
MOD (option)
MOD (images) &
MOD and CD writer MOD and CD writer DVD-RAM
Archive options DVD (scan data,
(standard) (standard) DICOM Media CD-
protocols) (standard)
ROM
9.1 (39,000 MOD: 4.1GB

4.6 (9400 losslessly losslessly (26,000 lossless
Capacity of a single archive disk (Gbytes compressed compressed images), CD-R:
9.4 (DVD)
and no. of images) 512x512 images or 512x512 images. 0.65GB (4100
37 raw data files) Factor 2-3 lossless images)
compression) 512 x 512
Immediate
5-6 in background Approx 30
Time to mount an archive disk or tape (s) (disk continually less than 20
operation for full disk
accessible)
Archive data transfer rate 1 (read)
>1 2-3 background task
(images / s) 0.7 (write)
15
Table 16: Image reconstruction on main console

CT 40 Aquilion 32
32 [VCT] 64
[64] [Aquilion 64]
Reconstruction matrix 512 512, 768,1024 512 256, 512
Minimum reconstruction interval in helical
0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
scanning (mm)
Reconstruction time from the start of data
acquisition to the appearance of the 30th 3 Defined by total
30 sec(with IBO) 1.75
image of a series for a standard axial (up to 20 f/s) scan time
brain scan (s)
Reconstruction time from the start of
data acquisition to the appearance of the 3
Info. not available 1.75 2
30th image of a series for an axial spine (up to 20 f/s)
scan (s)
Reconstruction time from the start of data
acquisition to the appearance of the 30th 3
Info. not available 1.55 2
image of a series for a helical abdomen (up to 20 f/s)
scan (s)
Simultaneous scanning and
Yes Yes Yes Yes
reconstruction
Any delay in either scanning or
reconstruction when performed No No No No
concurrently
Simultaneous scanning and routine
Yes Yes Yes Yes
analysis
Simultaneous scanning and archiving
Yes Yes Yes Yes
and/or hard copying
Simultaneous scanning and transfer to
Yes Yes Yes Yes
second console/workstation
Table 17: 3D reconstruction display

CT 40 Aquilion 32
32 [VCT] 64
[64] [Aquilion 64]
MC-standard
MIPs and MinIPs (maximum and MC-standard MC-standard MC-standard
WS-standard
minimum intensity projections) WS-standard WS-standard WS-standard
(MIP & MinIP)
MC-option
MC-standard MC-standard MC-standard
SSD (3D Shaded Surface Display) WS-standard
WS-standard WS-standard WS-standard
(3D)
MC-option
3D Volume rendering software WS-standard
(Volume Rendering)
MC-option
MC-standard MC-standard MC-option
3D Virtual endoscopy WS-standard
(Navigator)
MC-standard
MPR (Multi-planar reconstruction) WS-standard
(MPR & MPVR)
Axial, sagittal,
All planes, any
Axial, para-axial, Axial, sagittal, coronal, oblique,
oblique (identical on
Planes available in MPR sagittal, coronal, coronal, oblique, curved with cross
console and
oblique, curvilinear curvilinear cut through the
workstations)
curved reformat
16
Table 18: Optional facilities

CT 40 Aquilion 32
32 [VCT] 64
[64] [Aquilion 64]
Contrast injector Option Option Option Option
Standard Standard
Contrast media bolus tracking Standard Standard
(SmartPrep) (CAREBolus)
Option (Continuous Option (CAREVision

CT fluoroscopy software and hardware Option (SmartStep) Option
CT Imaging) with HandCARE)
Hard-copy imaging device Option Option Option Option

Option
Option
Radiotherapy planning table top (RT flat pad and Option Option
(Exact table top)
Exact couch top)
Carbon fibre breast board Option Option Option Not available
Means for attaching patient

Option
immobilisation devices and a stereotactic Option Option Option
(Exact couch)
frame to the end of the couch
MC-Not available MC-option

MC-option MC-option
Bone Mineral Densitometry WS-option WS-option
WS-option WS-Not available
(BMD) (Osteo CT)
MC-standard
WS-standard
CT Angiography AVA (Vessel
Assessment) option
on WS
MC-option MC-option
MC-option MC-option
Dental WS-option WS-option
WS-option WS-option
(Dentascan) (Dental CT)
Coherence
MC-Not available
MC-option Dosimetrist MC-Not available
Radiotherapy CT simulation software WS-option
WS-option (separate WS-option
(CT sim)
workstation)
MC-option
MC-option MC-option WS-option
Prospective ECG-triggered cardiac MC-option
WS-option (Prospective Gating) (post-processing
software WS-option
(SmartScore) WS-Not available only)
(HeartView CS)
MC-option MC-option
MC/WS-option MC-option
Retrospective ECG-gated cardiac (Snapshot) WS-option (post-
(Retrospective WS-option
software MC+WS-option processing only)
Tagging) (Prospective Gating)
(Cardiac Imaging) (HeartView CI)
MC-option
MC-option MC-option
WS-option MC-option
CT Perfusion software WS-option WS-option
(head + body WS-Not available
(CT Perfusion) (Perfusion CT)
perfusion)
17
Table 19: Installation requirements

CT 40 Aquilion 32
32 [VCT] 64
[64] [Aquilion 64]
Environmental requirements (max/min 18-26 ºC, 30-60% 15-24 °C, 20-75% 15-28 ºC, 15-75% 18-28 ºC, 40-80%
temperature, humidity) in scanner room relative humidity relative humidity relative humidity relative humidity
Environmental requirements (max/min

18-26 ºC, 30-60% 15-28 °C, 20-75% 15-28 ºC, 15-75% 18-28 ºC, 40-80%
temperature, humidity) in scanner control
relative humidity relative humidity relative humidity relative humidity
room
Peak heat output from system during 1.53 (add 0.07 for
17 5.9 10.5 max
scanning (kW) CT fluoro)
System cooling method Output to air Oil to air Water - water Output to air
Not required, other
Air conditioning requirements for scanner Not necessary but
Recommended than for patient None
room of minimum floor area recommended
comfort
Minimum floor area required for the 27 (std)
30 25 30
system (m²) 25 (short)
Gantry dimensions 1887 x 2230 x 1007, 2030 x 2290 x 940, 1990 x 2280 x 940, 1950 x 2330 x 960,
(H x W x D (mm)) and weight (kg) 1954kg 1764kg 2000 kg 1750kg
450 x 630 x 2690,
Couch dimensions 1094 x 650 x 2850, 1010 x 690 x 2490, 1022 x 690 x 2430, 450kg (std)
(H x W x L (mm)) and weight (kg) 445kg 383 kg 500 kg 450 x 630 x 2390,
420kg (short)
Power unit: 1815 x
Power Unit: Transformer:
Supplementary unit dimensions Transformer 1120 x 905 x 800, 550kg
1067 x 711 x 559, 980 x 800 x 770,
(H x W x D (mm)) and weight (kg) 560 x 530 Cooling unit: 1815 x
350kg 550kg
905 x 860, 200kg
3 phase 380-480V, 3 phase 380-480V, 3 phase 380-480V 3 phase 380-440V,
Power supply requirements
150kVA 90kVA 104kVA 100kVA
18
Table 20: Independent workstation

CT 40 Aquilion 32
32 [VCT] 64
[64] [Aquilion 64]
Yes, Brilliance
Is a workstation provided? Yes Extended Yes, LEONARDO Yes
Workspace
Siemens Fujitsu
Computer make and model HP XP8000 Dell Xeon Dual processor
Xeon
Operating system Linux Red Hat 7.3 Windows XP Windows XP Windows
Type and speed (GHz) of CPU 2 x 3.06 2 x 3.06 2 x Xeon 3.2 X86 3.06
Amount of computer RAM supplied as
2 4 2 3
standard (Gbytes)
Maximum amount of computer RAM
4 4 3 3
(Gbytes)
Total hard disk storage capacity supplied 180 (shared
163 146 147
as standard (Gbytes) storage)
Maximum total hard disk storage capacity 180 (shared
163 438 147
(Gbytes) storage)
CD-R standard CD-R standard CD-R standard MOD option
Archive options
MOD optional EOD option MOD option DVD-RAM
MOD: 4.1
Capacity of a single archive disk (Gbytes) 4.6 9.1 9.4 (DVD)
CD-R: 0.65
10-40 ºC,
Environmental requirements (max/min 10-35 ºC, 20-80% 18-28 ºC, 40-80%
20-80 % relative 0-40 °C
temperature, humidity) for workstation relative humidity relative humidity
humidity
Table 21: Image transfer and connectivity


CT 40 Aquilion 32
32 [VCT] 64
[64] [Aquilion 64]
Speed of scanner / workstation
connections to local area networks 1000 100 or 1000 1000 1000
(Mbits/s)
Remote PC access to images on
Option Option (Easyweb) Option Option
workstation
DICOM services on Main Console
Storage SCU, SCP SCU, SCP SCU, SCP SCU, SCP
Print SCU SCU SCU SCU
Query / retrieve SCU, SCP SCU, SCP SCU, SCP SCU, SCP
Modality worklist Option SCU SCU SCU
Performed procedure step Option SCP SCU SCU
Storage commitment Not available Not available SCU SCU
DICOM services on Workstation
Storage SCU, SCP SCU, SCP SCU, SCP SCU, SCP
Print SCU SCU SCU SCU
Query / retrieve SCU, SCP SCU, SCP SCU, SCP SCU, SCP
Modality worklist management Not available SCU Not available Not available
Performed procedure step Not available SCP Not available Not available
Storage commitment Not available Not available SCU Not available
19
Appendix 1: ImPACT and the MHRA
Background
One of the roles of the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency
(MHRA) is to fund evaluation programmes for medical devices and equipment. The
programme includes evaluation of x-ray Computed Tomography Equipment currently
available on the UK market.
MHRA aims to ensure that evaluation techniques keep abreast of improvements in
CT imaging performance and that MHRA reports present evaluation information that
is timely, useful and readily understood.
ImPACT
ImPACT (Imaging Performance Assessment of Computed Tomography) is the
MHRA's CT evaluation facility. It is based at St George's Hospital, London, part of St
George's Healthcare NHS Trust.
ImPACT have developed test objects and measurement procedures suitable for
inter-comparing CT scanner performance. For each CT evaluation hundreds of
images are obtained from the system under test and subsequently analysed using
custom written software. Dose measurements are made using ion chambers, and x-
ray film is used to obtain additional x-ray dose information.
MHRA support to purchasers and users

The ImPACT team is available to answer any queries with regard to the details of this
report, and also to offer general technical and user advice on CT purchasing,
acceptance testing and quality assurance.
ImPACT
Bence Jones Offices
St George’s Hospital
London SW17 0QT
T: +44 (0) 20 8725 3366
F: +44 (0) 20 8725 3969
E: impact@impactscan.org
W: www.impactscan.org
MHRA contact point for general information on the CT evaluation programme:

Device Evaluation Service
MHRA
Elephant and Castle
London SE1 6TQ
T: +44 (0) 20 7972 8181
F: +44 (0) 20 7972 8105
E: des@mhra.gsi.gov.uk
W: www.mhra.gov.uk
20

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ISBN 1 84182 943 9

Table 18: Optional facilities...................................................................17

Purpose of this report

Scanners covered in this report

Table 1: Scanners covered in this report

The GE LightSpeed Pro32 features a detector layout consisting of 32 x 0.63 mm and

Table 2: Scanner gantry

Horizontal movement speeds (mm/sec) up to 175 0.5 - 100 1 - 150 10 or 130

Vertical movement range in gantry (cm) 88 - 99 85 - 104 86 - 102 77.9 - 95.4

Minimum couch top height outside gantry

Maximum weight allowed on couch (kg) 225 204 200 205

Maximum weight on couch which still

Table 4: X-ray generator

Location Rotation assembly Rotation assembly Rotation assembly Rotation assembly

Power rating (kW) 100 60 70 60

Table 5: X-ray tube

Total filtration (inherent + beam shaping > 1 (inherent)

Maximum anode cooling rate (kHU/min) 1782 1608 5000 1386

Table 6: Detection system

888 (plus 18 672 896 (plus 1 pair ref

reference elements) (1344 channels) detectors tube side)

Number of elements along z-axis 48 [64] 52 [64] 40 64

Table 7: System start-up and calibration

Power-on to warm-up time from fully off

Tube warm-up time from 'cold' to 2 (0 in an

Recommended frequency for any

Time to perform these additional

Table 8: Scan parameters

64x0.6, 20x0.6, 32x0.5, 32x1, 16x2,

[64x0.625, 2x0.5] 2x14.4, 1x5, 1x10, 32x1, 16x2, 4x0.5,

80kV: 675mA 80 kV: 500mA 80 kV: 500mA

Table 9: Helical scanning

32, 16, 4 (all rotation

For 32 slices: 0.625 -

Any pitch may be

200 rotations at 270-

Maximum continuous scan time (s) 60 100 100 100

Table 10: Scan projection radiography (SPR)

Table 11: Manufacturers' performance data

MTF0: x,y-15.4 MTF2: 21.4 lp/cm

alg, Small Focus) alg, small focus)

4.0 mm @ 0.3% 120

CTDI (mGy/100mAs), centre of head 10.0 (Wedge 1)

Table 12: Factors affecting image quality

Post-patient collimation for narrow slices No No No No

Automatic mA control Doseright ACS and Yes

- mA adjustment for patient size Yes Yes Yes Yes

Quarter detector shift Yes Yes Yes Yes

Cone beam Yes, SureView and

Table 13: Operator's console

Table 14: Main computer