Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
SI Unit Version
Author: J.A.B. de Lange
In conjunction with www.cheresources.com
Press "Ctrl L" to activate the macro that runs the simulation.
! It is very important to read the messages at the bottom of the screen each time the simulation has been run,
Inputs
Line Number 1
Pipe Length (m) 100
Steam Specification
Steam Pressure (kPa) 600
Insulation Specifications
Insulation Material Rock Wool 40 kg/m³
Insulation Thickness (mm) 100
Emissivity of insulation lagging 0.4
Ambient Conditions
Ambient Temperature (ºC) 25
Wind Velocity (km/h) 10.8
Messages
Solution converged to a satisfactory degree
Hottest Surface Temperature Acceptable for Personnel Protection, insulation thickness ok
Insulation thickness acceptable, but refer to the second message for further information
Steam pressure acceptable
Process Fluid Temperature acceptable, and above Minimum Allowable Fluid Temperature
cess Fluid Temperature
Assumptions:
Saturated Steam is used, pressure drop along length of pipe neglegible
Resistance to heat transfer through tracer pipe wall material is neglegible
screen each time the simulation has been run, before evaluating the outputs.
Ouputs
Other Information
Annulus Temperature (ºC) 102.4
Steam Information
Steam Temperature (ºC) 158.8
Steam Consumption (kg/h) 4.9
Insulation Information
Thermal Conductivity, k(ins), (W/mK) 0.04517
Temperature Range (ºC) -43 to 200ºC
Average Insulation Temperature (ºC) 61
! It is very important to read the messages at the bottom of the screen each time the simulation has been run,
Inputs
Line Number 2
Pipe Length (ft) 130
Steam Specification
Steam Pressure (psi) 35
Insulation Specifications
Insulation Material Rock Wool 40 kg/m³
Insulation Thickness (inches) 3
Emissivity of insulation lagging 0.4
Ambient Conditions
Ambient Temperature (ºF) 66
Wind Velocity (ft/s) 9
Messages
Please run the simulation again by pressing Ctrl r, as all the values have not converged to a satisfactory degre
Hottest Surface Temperature Acceptable for Personnel Protection, insulation thickness ok
Insulation thickness acceptable, but refer to the second message for further information
Steam pressure acceptable
Process Fluid Temperature acceptable, and above Minimum Allowable Fluid Temperature
cess Fluid Temperature
Assumptions:
Saturated Steam is used, pressure drop along length of pipe neglegible
Resistance to heat transfer through tracer pipe wall material is neglegible
screen each time the simulation has been run, before evaluating the outputs.
Ouputs
Other Information
Annulus Temperature (ºF) 170.5
Steam Information
Steam Temperature (ºF) 259.3
Steam Consumption (lbm/h) 3.4
Insulation Information
Thermal Conductivity, k(ins), (BTU/fthºF) 0.02604
Temperature Range (ºF) -45 to 390ºF
Average Insulation Temperature (ºF) 111
1 Install Solver
2 Make sure the macro function can use Solver
If at any time Solver reports an error message after a macro has been run, simply uninstall the Solver Add-In from the Add-
Ins menu (found under Tools), and reinstall Solver as described under "Install Solver".
If the above has no effect on the outcome of the error message, try guessing another value for the insulation thickness. Solver
sometimes converges to different values depending on the initial starting value.
r Add-In from the Add-
Pipes Bare
Reference 1 11 Cemented
Reference 2 8
Reference
6
Ambient Temperature
Wind speed (m/s) (km/h) є q -10
0 0 0 20.9726081607 -9
1 3.6 0.05 34.8532249205 -8
2 7.2 0.1 -7
3 10.8 0.15 -6
4 14.4 0.2 -5
5 18 0.25 -4
6 21.6 0.3 -3
7 25.2 0.35 -2
8 28.8 0.4 -1
9 32.4 0.45 0
10 36 0.5 1
11 39.6 0.55 2
12 43.2 0.6 3
13 46.8 0.65 4
14 50.4 0.7 5
15 54 0.75 6
16 57.6 0.8 7
17 61.2 0.85 8
18 64.8 0.9 9
19 68.4 0.95 10
20 72 1 11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
Imperial Units
Available steam
Latent Heat (BTU/lbm)
946.3524237999
Pipes Bare
Reference 1 11 Cemented
Reference 2 8
Reference
6
Ambient Temperature
Wind speed (ft/s) є q (BTU/hft )
2
-4
0 0 6.5388096184 -3
3 0.05 11.471328178 -2
6 0.1 -1
9 0.15 0
12 0.2 1
15 0.25 2
18 0.3 3
21 0.35 4
24 0.4 5
27 0.45 6
30 0.5 7
33 0.55 8
36 0.6 9
39 0.65 10
42 0.7 11
45 0.75 12
48 0.8 13
51 0.85 14
54 0.9 15
57 0.95 16
60 1 17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
Amount of Tracers
1 Tracer OD OD (Inches) OD (mm)
2 ¼" 0.672 17.0688
3 ½" 0.84 21.336
4 ¾" 1.05 26.67
5 1" 1.315 33.401
Reference 2
Stainless Steel
Carbon Steel
Reference
1
Other Information
Annulus Temperature (ºC) 102.4
Steam Information
Steam Temperature (ºC) 158.8364797
Steam Consumption (kg/h) 4.92
Spacers Required
Insulation Information
Thermal Conductivity, k(ins), (W/mK) 0.04517
Temperature Range (ºC) -43 to 200ºC
Average Insulation Temperature (ºC) 60.84
Ouputs: Cemented
Other Information
Annulus Temperature (ºC) 129.8
Steam Information
Steam Temperature (ºC) 158.8364797
Steam Consumption (kg/h) 8.68
Spacers Required
Insulation Information
Thermal Conductivity, k(ins), (W/mK) 0.04517
Temperature Range (ºC) -43 to 200ºC
Average Insulation Temperature (ºC) 86.80
Outer Surface Information
Hottest Outside Surface Temperature (ºC) -14.31
Surface Film Coefficient, ho, (W/m²K) 10.6
Reference
2
Steam Information
Steam Temperature (ºF) 259.29
Steam Consumption (lbm/h) 3.40
No Spacers Required
Insulation Information
Thermal Conductivity, k(ins), (BTU/fthºF) 0.02604
Temperature Range (ºF) -45 to 390ºF
Average Insulation Temperature (ºF) 111.37
Ouputs: Cemented
Other Information
Annulus Temperature (ºF) 215.5
Steam Information
Steam Temperature (ºF) 259.29
Steam Consumption (lbm/h) 7.75
No Spacers Required
Insulation Information
Thermal Conductivity, k(ins), (BTU/fthºF) 0.02604
Temperature Range (ºF) -45 to 390ºF
Average Insulation Temperature (ºF) 154.06
k1 21.3079594563
k2 0.3415489629
Please refer to Sheet "SI Version" or "Imperial Unit Version" again to continue.
Do not change anything in this sheet, as it will cause the simulation to run incorrectly
c1 16.529173317
c2 0.3424343826
c3 1.6078799145
NPS qt (W/m²K)
½" 34.4 60.2879608
¾" 34.4 60.2879608
1" 34.3 60.1127051
1½" 34.3 60.1127051
2" 32.6 57.1333582
2½" 31 54.329267
3" 29.1 50.9994087
3½" 27.8 48.7210846
4" 26.9 47.1437833
6" 23.8 41.7108566
8" 21.5 37.6799755
10" 18.4 32.2470488
12" 14.6 25.5873322
14" 12.2 21.3811954
16" 9.8 17.1750586
18" 9.8 17.1750586
20" 9.8 17.1750586
24" 9.7 16.9998029
30" 9.7 16.9998029
36" 9.7 16.9998029
42" 9.6 16.8245472
48" 9.6 16.8245472
37.6799755
mm inch
Insthick 100.00 3.937007874
Cement
0.168
0.21
0.168
k1 17.8735015899
k2 0.2384570537
ctrl + r
acos((r1-r2)/(r1+r2)) 0.6049908005 Starting Values Diff
Tsurf pipe bare ºF 69.9527836006 69.9517052085 1.16293E-06
Tsurf pipe cement ºF 72.3280544917 72.3270495153 0.00000101
Process fluid temp Bare 140.9548034288 9.31011E-09
Process fluid temp Cement 233.0973748168 0.0086369967
Please run the simulation again by pressing Ctrl r, as all the values have not converged to
0.0086391789
Please run the simulation again by pressing Ctrl r, as all the values have not converged to
Please refer to Sheet "SI Version" or "Imperial Unit Version" again to continue.
c1 -72.0976492693
c2 0.0403486443
c3 3.01
NPS qt (BTU/ft²hºF)
½" 34.4
¾" 34.4
1" 34.3
1½" 34.3
2" 32.6
2½" 31
3" 29.1
3½" 27.8
4" 26.9
6" 23.8
8" 21.5
10" 18.4
12" 14.6
14" 12.2
16" 9.8
18" 9.8
20" 9.8
24" 9.7
30" 9.7
36" 9.7
42" 9.6
48" 9.6
21.5
mm inch
Insthick 100.00 3.937007874
α 0.6049908005
Ф 1.5084626746
498.15 523.15 573.15 598.15 623.15 648.15 673.15
0.068 0.075
0.103970625 0.1120475
0.071 0.0742363 0.08 0.083 0.086 0.09 0.0928
0.0269025 0.02665 0.02592 0.025443 0.02489 0.024263 0.02356
- - - - - - -
0.097 0.118
0.069 0.072
0.069 0.0738
Bare
Cem
Ref P T H Ref P T H
87 599.865 431.978 2115 35 35 259.29 946.352
88 606.76 432.422 2113.8 36 36 260.95 945.345
PIPE INTERNAL DIAME
PIPE SIZE OD SCH 5S SCH 10 SCH 10S SCH 20 SCH 30 SCH 40 SCH 40S
5S 10 10S 20 30 40 40S
½" 21.336 18.034 - 17.12 - - 15.799 15.799
¾" 26.67 23.368 - 22.454 - - 20.93 20.93
1" 33.401 30.099 - 27.864 - - 26.645 26.645
1½" 48.26 44.958 - 42.723 - - 40.894 40.894
2" 60.325 57.023 - 54.788 - - 52.501 52.501
2½" 73.025 68.809 - 66.929 - - 62.713 62.713
3" 88.9 84.684 - 82.804 - - 77.927 77.927
3½" 101.6 97.384 - 95.504 - - 90.12 90.12
4" 114.3 110.084 - 108.204 - - 102.26 102.26
6" 168.28 162.742 - 161.472 - - 154.056 154.056
8" 219.08 213.542 - 211.562 206.38 205.008 202.722 202.722
10" 273.05 266.242 - 264.668 260.35 257.454 254.508 254.508
12" 323.85 315.936 314.71 311.15 307.086 303.226 304.8
14" 355.6 347.676 342.9 346.05 339.75 336.55 333.35 -
16" 406.4 398.018 393.7 396.85 390.55 387.35 381 -
18" 457.2 448.818 444.5 447.65 441.35 434.95 428.65 -
20" 508 498.45 495.3 496.93 488.95 482.6 477.824 -
24" 609.6 598.526 596.9 596.9 590.554 581.05 574.654 -
30" 762 748.73 746.158 746.15 736.678 730.25 - -
42" 1066.8 - - - - - -
48" 1219.2 - - - - - -
PIPE SIZE Radius OD SCH SCH SCH SCH SCH SCH SCH
5S 10 10S 20 30 40 40S
½" 10.668 21.336 1.651 - 2.108 - - 2.769 2.769
¾" 13.335 26.67 1.651 - 2.108 - - 2.87 2.87
1" 16.7005 33.401 1.651 - 2.769 - - 3.378 3.378
1½" 24.13 48.26 1.651 - 2.769 - - 3.683 3.683
2" 30.1625 60.325 1.651 - 2.769 - - 3.912 3.912
2½" 36.5125 73.025 2.108 - 3.048 - - 5.156 5.156
3" 44.45 88.9 2.108 - 3.048 - - 5.487 5.487
3½" 50.8 101.6 2.108 - 3.048 - - 5.74 5.74
4" 57.15 114.3 2.108 - 3.048 - - 6.02 6.02
6" 84.14 168.28 2.769 - 3.404 - - 7.112 7.112
8" 109.54 219.08 2.769 - 3.759 6.35 7.036 8.179 8.179
10" 136.525 273.05 3.404 - 4.191 6.35 7.798 9.271 9.271
12" 161.9 323.8 3.962 - 4.572 6.35 8.382 10.312 9.525
14" 177.8 355.6 3.962 6.35 4.775 7.925 9.525 11.125 -
16" 203.2 406.4 4.191 6.35 4.775 7.925 9.525 12.7 -
18" 228.6 457.2 4.191 6.35 4.775 7.925 11.125 14.275 -
20" 254.179 508.358 4.775 6.35 5.537 9.525 12.7 15.088 -
24" 304.827 609.654 5.537 6.35 6.35 9.525 14.275 17.475 -
30" 381.289 762.578 6.635 7.925 7.925 12.7 15.875 - -
36" 457.2145 914.429 - 7.925 - 12.7 15.875 19.05 -
42" 533.4 1066.8 - - - - - - -
48" 609.62 1219.24 - - - - - - -
STD SCH 60 SCH 80 SCH 80S XS SCH 100 SCH 120 SCH 140 SCH 160 XXS
60 80 80S 100 120 140 160
15.799 - 13.868 13.868 13.868 - - - 11.786 6.401
20.93 - 18.847 18.847 18.847 - - - 15.545 11.024
26.645 - 24.308 24.308 24.308 - - - 20.701 15.215
40.894 - 38.1 38.1 38.1 - - - 33.986 27.94
52.501 - 49.251 49.251 49.251 - - - 42.849 38.177
62.713 - 59.005 59.004 59.005 - - - 53.975 44.983
77.927 - 73.66 73.66 73.66 - - - 66.65 58.42
90.12 - 85.446 85.446 85.446 - - - - -
102.26 - 97.18 97.18 97.18 - 92.05 - 87.326 80.06
154.056 - 146.334 146.33 146.334 - 139.73 - 131.754 124.388
202.722 198.456 193.68 193.68 193.68 188.904 182.554 177.83 173.056 174.63
254.508 247.65 242.874 247.5 247.65 236.524 230.174 222.25 215.9 222.25
304.8 295.3 288.9 298.5 298.45 280.974 273.05 266.7 257.2 273.05
336.55 325.424 317.5 - 330.2 307.95 300.024 292.1 284.176 -
387.35 373.076 363.524 - 381 354.026 344.474 333.35 325.424 -
438.15 419.1 409.55 - 431.8 398.476 387.35 377.85 366.726 -
488.95 466.75 455.626 - 482.6 442.926 431.8 419.1 400.05 -
590.55 560.374 547.674 - 584.2 531.826 517.55 504.85 490.524 -
742.95 - - - 736.6 - - - - -
1047.75 - - - 1041.4 - - - - -
1200.15 - - - 1193.8 - - - - -