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1. Vectors
1.1. Vector Addition/Subtraction
1.2. Vector Multiplication:
× Cross Product
• Dot Product
2. Motion in 2-Dimensions
• Projectiles,
Projectiles maximum height,
height time,
time range
3. Relative velocity
-b
a - b = a + ((-b))
a b
2 2
a= ax + ay
a ay
i θ
ay = a sin θ = tan −1
ax
θ
ax = a cos θ
bx = b cos θb 2 2
c = cx + cy
by = b sin θb
−1
cy
θ c = tan
cx
ax cy c=a+b
bx ax bx
cx
by
b
and
Scalar quantity
a • b = a b cos 0 = a b
Case 2:
θ = 90o a
b
a • b = a b cos 90° = 0
a × b = a b sin 0 = 0
Case 2:
θ = 90o a
b
a × b = a b sin 90° = a b
i•i=1 i•j=0
ay
j•j=1 j•k=0
j a ax k•k=1 k•i=0
i
x
k
az i×j=k i×i=0
z j×k=i j×j=0
k×i=j k×k=0
a = ax i + ay j + az k
2 2
vx = v0 x + axt = 22 m / s + ×24m / s × 7.0s = +190 m/s
b) y and vy
1 1
y = v0 y t + a y t = 14 m / s × 7 s + × 12 m / s × (7 s ) = +392 m
2 2
2 2
v y = v0 y + a y t = 14m / s + 12m / s(7 s ) = +98 m/s
+x
ax = 0 and ay = - g
x-direction y-direction
A
Acceleration
l ti ax = 0 ay = −g
V l it
Velocity vx = v0 x v y = v0 y − gt
1 2
Displacement Δx = v0 x t Δy = v0 y t − gt
2
• You can see that the object in the projectile changed its
direction from going upwards to coming downwards.
• That clearly indicates that it reached a point whereby the
vertical velocity was zero.
• The maximum height occurs when vy is equals to zero.
• But the horizontal velocity remained constant.
constant
v 0 y = gt
v0 yv 0 sin θ
t= =
g g
FAP0015 PHYSICS I 22/01/2010 08:56 28
Projectile
j Motion
• Maximum height when vy=0
• The
Th equation
i to be
b usedd is
i
v =v
2
y
2
0y − 2 g (Δ y ) and vy=0
0
Thus
Thus, 2
v sin θ
v 0y
2 2
Δy = h = = 0
2g 2g
a) v BS = v 2
Bw +v 2
WS = (4 .0 m/s ) 2
+ (2 .0 m/s ) = 4 .5 m/s
2
Width 1800 m
b ) time = = = 450 s
v BS sin θ 4 .0 m/s
FAP0015 PHYSICS I 22/01/2010 08:56 53
Summary
The components of initial velocity, v0 are
v0 x = v0 cos θ and v0 y = v0 sin θ
X-Direction Y-Direction
Acceleration ax = 0 ay = -g
Velocity vx = v0 x v y = v0 y − gt
1 2
Displacement Δx = v0 x t Δy = v0 y t − gt
2