The textual voice deny

context language Representing the current proposition

No reference to positions itself at no, didn’t, never
odds/rejecting as replacing/supplanting a proposition
other voices and disclaim
some contrary which would have been expected in its
viewpoints.
position. place.
counter
Positioning the
speaker/writer with yet, although, amazingly, but
respect to the value monogloss
Roles: authorial/textual position being advanced Announcing the
voice, the text’s putative and with respect to addresser as affirm
reader, and alternative potential responses. agreeing
voices. with/having the naturally, of course, obviously
contract
same knowledge concur
as some
projected concede
GRADUATION is implicated in dialogic partner
Acting to
ENGAGEMENT as the (the text’s
ENGAGEMENT challenge/fend admittedly… [but], sure… [however]
projecting source or the putative reader).
off/restrict the
projecting process can be
scope of
graded (some/many
alternative Authorial emphases or explicit
researchers suggest…).
positions and authorial interventions/interpolations.
proclaim pronounce
voices.
I contend, the facts of the matter are…, indeed

By representing the
heterogloss proposition as highly
warrantable, the textual
Propositions sourced to external
voice sets itself
sources are construed by the authorial
against/suppresses/rules
voice as correct.
Utterances out alternative positions. endorse
invoke/allow for
dialogistic the report demonstrates/shows/proves that…
alternatives.
By explicitly presenting the proposition as grounded in
its own internal contingent/individual subjectivity, the
authorial voice represents the proposition as but one
entertain of a range of possible positions.

perhaps, it’s probable that, this may be, must, it seems to me, apparently, expository questions

expand There is no overt indication as to where the authorial

voice stands with respect to the proposition.
acknowledge
Making allowances for dialogically Halliday argues that, many Australians believe that…, it’s said that, the report states
Bold text, underlined text, SMALL CAPITALS, boxed text , italics and colours alternative positions and voices. attribute
(AFFECT: red, JUDGEMENT: green, APPRECIATION: blue) are used to encode
appraisal analyses. There is an explicit distancing
distance
of the authorial voice from
By representing the proposition as grounded in
Chomsky claimed to have shown that… the attributed material.
the subjectivity of an external voice, the
textual voice represents the proposition as but
one of a range of possible positions.

or

and

Roles: emoter
(source; conscious
participant
experiencing the
emotion); trigger un/happiness Affairs of the heart.
(phenomenon
sad/happy
responsible for
that emotion). in/security Eco social well-being.
anxious/confident

AFFECT (emotion)
dis/satisfaction Telos (the pursuit of goals).
fed up/absorbed
Construing
emotional dis/inclination Intention with respect
reactions. tremble/miss to an irrealis stimulus.

Related to usuality
normality
(e.g., often).
fashionable/dated

capacity Related to ability

A key (or style) is a set of situational social esteem (e.g., can).
(related to register) variants or sub- Assessing behaviour
powerful/weak
selections of the global evaluative (target) according to
meaning potential establishing normative principles;
feelings Codified in
different probabilities for the
institutionalised as oral culture. tenacity Related to modulation
occurrence of the different types of
proposals. of inclination (e.g.,
ATTITUDE, GRADUATION and ENGAGEMENT. brave/timid determined to).
Different stages of the text can be Interactive aspects
associated with a different key. Sub- of discourse
keys within one key are referred to as speech function JUDGEMENT (ethics)
stance; syndromes of APPRAISAL and exchange
identified with specific individuals are structure.
referred to as signature. Codified in
written
regulations.
Reciprocity of choice: it veracity (truth) Related to probability
affects who can/can’t ideational NEGOTIATION (e.g., certainly).
express feelings, what kinds semantics honest/lying
of feelings are expressed, One of the three social sanction
how strongly they are major discourse
field propriety (ethics)
expressed, and how directly semantic Related to obligation
they are sourced. resources ethical/evil (e.g., should).
construing Prosody refers Related to affection (emotive):
interpersonal to the way that not the emotions someone feels
meaning. interpersonal but ascribing the power to trigger
meanings resist such feelings to things. impact
the categorical
power (status) confinement captivating/tedious
register tenor discourse semantics interpersonal semantics APPRAISAL associated with reaction
experiential
solidarity (contact) meaning to In academic writing quality
spread across APPRECIATION (esp.
Roles: appraiser valuation) frequently enchanting/repulsive
and appraised. clauses or
across phases of dominates in overall Related to
discourse. preferences for perception
inscribed attitude. (our view of
order). balance

mode consistent/contradictory
ATTITUDE APPRECIATION (aesthetics) composition

textual semantics INVOLVEMENT complexity

Proliferation: the Contraction: the Construing the value of rich/plain
better you know better you know things (target), including
someone the more someone the less natural phenomena and
SMALL CAPS are
feelings you will you need to say to semiosis, with reference to
used for Especially sensitive to field;
share. share feelings. a given field; feelings
Non-gradable resources for discourse- related to cognition (our
institutionalised as
negotiating tenor relations, esp. semantic valuation considered opinions).
propositions.
solidarity (e.g., terms of address, systems. authentic/fake
interjections, slang, specialised
lexis, markers of social dialect). In academic writing, non-attitudinal (experiential) meanings can be scaled
along dimensions of force and focus (i.e., graduation) to flag an evaluative
In introductory sections of research reading. This is so because graduation can function to invoke an
articles, inscribed attitude is strongly attitudinal meaning through implying a relative or comparative value. The
associated with evaluation of the grading of non-attitudinal meanings enables attitudinal work to be done
object of study, whereas invoked while retaining a surface ‘objectivity’ and avoiding the dichotomising
attitude through graduation is impact [+/-] of inscribed attitude. The interpretation as [+] or [-] value will
strongly associated with evaluation depend on other values construed in the co-text or in the field.
of other research.

provoke
we fenced them in like sheep
Using lexical metaphor.
-
invoke
flag Subjectifying meanings Degree of freedom
through graduation. allowed readers in
we smashed their way of life
aligning with the values
invite naturalised by the text;
sensitivity to co-text and
The selection of
reading position.
ideational meanings
(even in the absence of afford Ideational meanings that
attitudinal lexis) is trigger cultural values.
enough
evaluation.
to invoke
we brought the diseases

+
Instances of inscribed attitude are identified as encoding an explicit Inscribed attitude can launch a prosody which directs readers
positive [+] or negative [-] value that is gradable (good/very good). in their evaluation of non-attitudinal ideational material.
inscribe

number
a few/many
a trickle of enquiries/stream of enquiries

mass/presence
Distance, relative
tiny/small/large/huge/gigantic location.
QUANTIFICATION mountain of a man/slip of a girl
time
recent arrival/ancient betrayal
PROXIMITY
Amount and
extent.
space
EXTENT space nearby/distant
time
Adjusting the
long-lasting hostility/short battle
degree of an DISTRIBUTION
evaluation; with
gradable
resources. space
quality (degree) wide-spread hostility/narrowly-based support
slightly corrupt/very corrupt
contented/happy/ecstatic
FORCE Degree of Scope, relative
intensity. spread.
process (vigour)
slightly disturb/greatly disturb
INTENSIFICATION casually observe/closely observe
like/love/adore
amble/walk/stride out

According to
proposal
Hood, 2010.
must/need to consider

Realised by an
Modulating isolating individual item.
meaning by
a bit/rather/extremely miserable
degree.
Fused with a meaning
infusing which serves some other
GRADUATION Adjusting the possible/probable/certain semantic function.
strength of
boundaries
[+] sharpen (up-scale)
between
categories; authenticity a true father
with non-
[-] soften (down-scale)
gradable
resources. valeur a sort of truth
Dialogic: it enables
speakers/writers to [+] sharpen (up-scale)
present themselves specificity
as more/less strongly [-] soften (down-scale)
According to
aligned with the value FOCUS in some sense
Hood, 2010.
position being [+] sharpen (up-scale)
advanced by the text. completion
[-] soften (down-scale)

fulfilment
almost, attempt Appraisal toolkit
[+] sharpen (up-scale) • Typographic perspective based on Martin, J. R., & White, P. R. R.
up-scale actualisation (2005). The language of evaluation: Appraisal in English. New
[-] soften (down-scale) York: Palgrave MacMillan / Hood, S. (2010). Appraising research:
ephemeral evaluation in academic writing. London: Palgrave MacMillan.
Where values are graded
• Version 12.02.
up, the inscription of
down-scale • Suggestions to navarro @ filo.uba.ar
attitude is likely to have
• Downloaded from discurso.wordress.com
greater radiated prosodic
impact.

Writers/speakers employ rhetorical strategies when making choices

- Degree of delicacy of choice in the system networks.
+
within discourse-semantic systems. These choices are encoded in
lexical and grammatical realisations in texts.