(Inductive Approach)

LSPU-LHS Los Baños,

Laguna
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OBJECTIVES: At the end of the 1 hour class period, the students should be able to:

1. Identify the major structures of the urinary system and its functions.
2. Trace the process through which urine is produced.
3. Describe the major disorders of the urinary system and treatments.

SUBJECT MATTER: Respiration and Excretion

Topic: EXCRETION
Subtopic: Urinary System
MATERIALS:

 Visuals Aids
 Powerpoint presentation
 LCD and personal computer
 Chalk and Chalkboard
 Handouts for students

References:
 Biology Science Impact by Pacifico C. Paywal and et. al., Academe Publishing House Inc 2006,
pages 490 - 505
 Internet websites:
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinary_system;
 http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003476.htm;
 http://www.mayoclinic.com/images/image_popup/mcdc7_kidney_transplant.jpg;
 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urinary_tract_infection;

PROCEDURE:
1) Daily Routine
a) Cleanliness and Orderliness of the classroom
b) Prayer and Greetings
c) Checking of Attendance, uniform and ID

2.) Review
Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity
In our previous lessons, we have discussed the
different body systems involved in excretion.

What is excretion again? Yes, Jonimar.
Very Good! There are three body systems
involved in excretion. Let’s start with the Digestive
System. What happens to the undigested foods?
Yes, Alyssa.
Excretion is the process of removing metabolic
wastes.
The undigested food is passed into the large
intestine for temporary storage. 

Review (continuation)
Teacher’s Activity
Good answer! And what contains the undigested
foods? Yes, Rainiel.
Very well said! What do we call to the remaining
solid wastes after absorption? And what does it
contains? Yes, Jennelyn?
And how feces discharged? Franz.
Very Good! Other body system involved in
excretion is our Respiratory System which excretes
a gaseous waste. Can you tell me how our
respiratory system can be said as NOT only organs
of respiration but also organs of excretion? Yes,
Matthew.
That’s right! And we also excrete liquid wastes.
One body system perform this excretion of liquid
wastes like water, urea and salt is our
Integumentary System . What do we call this
liquid waste produced by our Integumentary
System? Yes, Cyril.
Yes. And how it is taken out from our body? Yes,
Ramil.
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Student’s Activity
The undigested food contains a large amount of
water and dissolved minerals like iron, calcium,
and magnesium. 
Some of the water and the dissolved minerals are
absorbed by the walls of the large intestine and
returned to our body through blood circulation. 
The remaining solid waste after absorption is
called feces.  Feces contains bacteria, undigested
food, bile, and the remaining water and minerals. 
It is discharged by the large intestine through the
rectum.  It then leaves our body through the anus.
Our lungs give off carbon dioxide and water vapor
as waste products. These are picked up by the
blood from the cells and brought to the lungs. 
Then, the lungs give them off as we exhale or
breathe out.
We call these wastes as sweat or perspiration.
These metabolic wastes move out of the blood
vessels through the capillaries into the sweat
glands. Each sweat gland has a sweat tube that
leads to a small opening in the skin’s surface called
pore. This is where water and salt pass out of the
skin. 
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3. Presentation / Motivation

Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity

(Three Students who first raise the hands will be
rewarded.)

I have here nilagang saging and Nova.

Who wants Nova crackers? (This will not be given to student who raise the
hands)

Who wants the nilagang saging? (Those students who likes nilagang saging will
receive nilagang saging while those who likes junk
foods will not receive).

I have here a bottle of Coke and 3 bottles of

mineral water.

Who wants the Coke? (This will not be given to student who raise the
hands)

Who wants mineral water? (Those students who likes mineral water will
receive mineral water while student who likes Coke
will not be given).

If I would ask you to choose which food do you like (Student’s answers may vary depending on their
to eat after our class this morning, can you give me preferred food tastes.) Examples are Chippy, Nova,
examples of junks foods you usually buy during V Cut, Cheese curls and etc.,
your snack time?

I gave the three pieces of nilagang saging to your Because nilagang saging is an example of fruit that
classmates. Why do you think I did NOT gave to is rich in vitamins and minerals and is very good to
you the Nova? our health while these junk food Nova is too salty
and therefore is not good in our health.

What drinks do you preferred? Softdrinks, canned (Student’s answers may vary depending on their
juice, Zest O and other beverages or water? preferred drinks.) Examples are soft drinks like
Coke, RC, C2 and etc.,

I gave the three bottles of mineral water to your Because soft drinks are too acidic and therefore
classmates. Why do you think I did NOT gave to are not good in our health while water intake is
you the Coke? Yes, Foilan. very good to our health.

What is the importance of water intake?Yes, Clint. Water is very important to take compared to other
beverages because it plays a very important
function in controlling body temperature, carrying
nutrients and helps excretion of wastes.
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4. Lesson Proper

Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity

Very Good! Our body has integrative body
systems. When we say “integrative”, this means
that our body systems are interconnected to each
other to maintain homeostasis. What is human
homeostasis? Yes, Kristine?
Human homeostasis refers to the body's ability to
physiologically regulate its inner environment to
ensure its stability in response to fluctuations in
the outside environment and the weather. In
other words, it is the state of balance in our body.

What will happen if you do not have the ability to Homeostatic imbalance will lead to diseases or
maintain homeostasis in our body? Yes, Daniel? even death.

Yes. Our body is so sensitive to everything we take Our body also excretes liquid waste in the form of
in our body and to environment outside where we urine.
live in. And because of its sensitivity, we need
other body system to perform other major liquid
excretion aside from excretion by our skin. What
do you think is the other liquid waste we excreted
in our body? Yes, Crisdel?

I have here a diagram of our Urinary System.

What are the major structures of urinary system? The urinary system consists of the kidneys,
Yes, John Mark. ureters, urinary bladder and urethra.

Instruction:
As your activity today, I want you to group into (1,2, 1, 2… up to the last student)
two groups. Please count 1 and 2.

Now all 1’s please stand up and go tothis side. All

2’s please stand up and go to this side.
Select a leader and secretary in your group. The
secretary will list the names of each group.

In each group is a diagram of urinary system and

its parts. I want you to label the parts and put its
functions beside the parts. When you are done put
the diagram on the board.

Group with the highest number of correct (The students then will label the parts of the
answers will receive plus two in class participation urinary system and its functions for 5-7 minutes.)
while the other group will receive only plus one in
today’s class participation.

(Group performance will be checked during

discussion)

Lesson Proper (continuation)
Teacher’s Activity
Very Good! Thank You. Please go back to your sits.
Let us see if your work is correct. Now can you
describe the kidneys? Yes, Kristine.
And what is its function? Yes, Matthew.
Where this blood for filtration enters? Rainiel.
Rainiel said that blood for filtration enters the
renal artery, what will happen next? Yes, Ramil.
Nice answer! This is the structure of nephron that
filters the blood inside the kidneys. What will
happen to the filtered blood? Yes, Crisdel.
Yes, very good! What will happen to the excess
salts, water, and other wastes? Yes, Jennelyn.
How many times the blood passes through the
kidneys? Kristine.
What will happen to the waste materials?
Jennelyn.
That’s right. Jennylyn says that urea is nitrogenous
compounds included in urine. What about the uric
acid?
What foods contain purines?
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Student’s Activity
The kidneys are the major organs of the urinary
system.  These are two bean-shaped kidneys found
on each side of the spinal column in line with our
elbows. 
The main function of the kidney is to filter
impurities from the blood and regulate the water
level and chemicals in the body. 
 The blood, which carries waste materials
and other substances, enters the kidneys
through the renal artery. 
 Each kidney is composed of about a million
nephrons.  A nephron is the filtering unit
of the kidney. At the end, most of the
water, sugar, vitamins and salts have been
reabsorbed The substances that are useful
to the body are brought back into
circulation.  Together with the clean
blood, they leave the kidneys through the
renal veins.
Excess salts, water, and wastes remains in the
tubule and become urine.
Urine enters collecting ducts (tubes) in the medulla
All the blood in the body passes through the
kidneys about 20 times every hour. 
The waste material left in the kidneys after
filtration is in the urine.  It is made up of metabolic
wastes such as excess water, excess salts, and the
nitrogenous compounds urea and uric acid. The
urine leaves the kidneys through the ureters.
Uric acid is a chemical created when the body
breaks down substances called purines.
Purines are found in some foods and drinks, such
as liver, anchovies, mackerel, dried beans and
peas, beer, and wine.

Lesson Proper (continuation)
Teacher’s Activity
Can you describe the ureters and tells us what is
its function? Yes, Ruchelle.
Good. Can you please describe the urinary
bladder? Yes, Daniel.
What is the function of the urinary bladder?Sarah.
What will happen then when the urinary bladder is
full? Yes, Jonimar.
Yes. And what is the function of urethra? Clint.
GENERALIZATION:
Teacher’s Activity
What do you call to the state of balance in our
body? Yes, Rainiel.
What are major structures of the urinary system?
Yes, Jennelyn.
Let’s trace back the process how urine is
produced by our urinary system.
Let’s start with kidneys. When the blood enters
our kidney through the renal arteries, what is the
main function of kidneys? Yes, Crisdel.
How about the ureters?Yes, Leslee Ann.
Very Good! What is the function of the urinary
bladder? Yes, Franz.
And lastly? Yes, Daniel.
APPLICATION:
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Student’s Activity
The ureters are muscular tubes 10-12 inches long
that moves urine from the kidney to the urinary
bladder.
It is a hollow muscular sac organ connected from
the ureters.
Urinary bladder temporarily store the urine that
pass from the two ureters.
When the urinary bladder is full, it contracts and
urine moves from the bladder through the
urethra.
Urethra is a tube that carries urine from bladder to
outside of the body.
Student’s Activity
The state of balance in our body is called Human
homeostasis.
The urinary system consists of the kidneys,
ureters, urinary bladder and urethra.
Kidneys are bean-shaped organ that contains
filtering units called nephrons.
The ureters are muscular tubes 10-12 inches long
that moves urine from the kidney to the urinary
bladder.
Urinary bladder temporarily store the urine that
pass from the two ureters.
Urethra is a tube that carries urine from bladder to
outside of the body.
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Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity

How many times do you urinate in one day? (Students answers may vary depending on their
experience.)

If I would I ask you to approximately measure your (Students answers may vary depending on their
urine you excreted in one day, how many liters do experience.)
you think is it?

What do you think is the normal average amount Humans produce about 2.9 liters of urine over 24
of urine you should excrete in a day? Yes, Sarah? hours.

Are you at the average amount of urine you should (Students answers may vary depending on their
excrete in 24 hours? experience.)

If you are NOT, what do you think do you have? I think I have a problem or disease. (Student
Yes, John Mark should allow to share experience)

What do you usually feel? I have a difficulty in urination.

Had you consulted your doctor already? Yes mam. And the doctor said I have a urinary
tract infection or UTI.

What was the doctor advised to you? The doctor prescribed me to take antibiotics. He
also told me to avoid salty foods especially the
junk foods and drink 8 glasses of water every day.

Yes. And that is the reason why I did not gave you
the Nova and the Coke. We hope for your
recovery.

Class, have you heard of the word “dialysis”? Any Dialysis, a treatment where a machine does the
idea what is dialysis? Yes, Froilan job of the kidneys to filter the blood.

Do you have a sister, brother, cousin, or other (Students answers may vary depending on their
relative or friends who have undergone dialysis? experience.)

I have here a picture of patient who undergone

dialysis to filter his blood.

APPLICATION (continuation):
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Teacher’s Activity Student’s Activity

What will happen if both of your kidneys failed to (Students answers may vary depending on their
function? What will happen to you?Yes, Matthew. experience.)

Is it possible for a person to live with one kidney? Yes, mam.

Do you have relatives who had undergone kidney (Students will share their relative’s experience)
transplant?

What is kidney transplantation?Yes. Sarah. Kidney transplantation means replacement of the

Very good! I will show you a picture of patient
who had undergone a kidney transplant and also a
picture of a kidney donor.
failed kidneys with a working kidney from another
person, called a donor. Kidney transplantation is
not a complete cure, although many people who
receive a kidney transplant are able to live much as
they did before their kidneys failed.

What do you call to a physician who specialize in People who receive a transplant must take
kidney diseases?Yes, Pauline. medication and be monitored by a physician who
specializes in kidney disease nephrologist for the
rest of their lives.

Would you like to experience the same as the No mam.

patient had?

If NO. What you should do to take care of your

urinary system? Yes, John Mark. Can you give us
one prevention of kidney disorder?
Yes. That’s right! What else? Yes, Clint.
What else? Yes, Ruchelle.
Very Good! Any more prevention do you know?
Yes, Cyril.
1. Do not delay urination when it is
necessary.
2. Drink 6-8 glasses of water every day.
3. Eat a healthy diet. Avoid eating salty
foods.
4. Avoid drinking soft drinks and alcoholic
drinks like beer and wine.

Yes. Do you have questions about our urinary

system? If none, it is very important to
remember that Urinary system is a major organ
of excretion that removes liquid waste in the
form of urine from our body. To prevent renal
diseases, and renal failures you should take care
of it by eating a healthy diet, increase water
intake from 6-8 glasses in a day and urinate when
necessary.
EVALUATION
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A. Matching Type. Match Column A to Column B. Letters only.

Column A Column B

___1. the major system excretion that removes liquid wastes. A. Dialysis
This excretory system consists of the kidneys, ureters,
urinary bladder and urethra. B. Human homeostasis
___2. used to provide an artificial replacement for lost kidney
function (renal replacement therapy) due to renal failure. C. Kidney transplantation
___3. replacement of the failed kidneys with a working kidney
from another person, called a donor. D. Nephrologist
___4. A physician who specializes in kidney disease.
___5. the state of balance in our body. E. Urinary System

B. Trace the process through which urine is produced. Write 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 on the blank according
to order of urine production.

___6. The Urinary bladder (a hollow sac organ) then temporarily stores the urine that passes from the
two ureters. The urethra finally carries urine from bladder to outside of the body.

___ 7. The substances that are useful to the body are brought back into circulation.  Together with the
clean blood, they leave the kidneys through the renal veins.

___8. as blood surges through the kidneys, a filtering unit called nephrons filters the blood with
nitrogenous waste urea, uric acid, salts and other metabolic wastes. Excess salts, water, and
wastes remains in the tubule and become urine after filtration.

____9. Blood enters each of the kidneys through a large artery that branches off from the aorta through
the renal arteries.

___ 10. the urine leaves the kidneys through the ureters, a muscular tubes 10-12 inches long that
moves urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder.

ASSIGNMENT.
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Please do a research on the following urinary disorders. Look for the Symptoms and Treatments or
Preventions of each disease. One urinary disease in each group.

 Cystitis - Group 1
 Urethritis - Group 2
 Renal Failure – Group 3

References:
a) http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urination_disorder
b) Biology Science Impact by Pacifico C. Paywal and et. al., Academe Publishing
House Inc 2006, pages 502 – 503 and pages 580 – 581.

Criteria in judging class presentations of research.

Visual Aids 25 points

Voice Quality (Loudness and Clarity) 25 points
Content 50 points