2.3 Introduction of Wireless Communication in Smart Grid

Introduction of Wireless Communication
in Smart Grid
CATR-CTTL
2010年9月12日 WWW.CHINATTL.COM 第1页

Outline
Introduction of Smart Grid
Standardization of Smart Grid
Wireless communication in Smart Grid
Introduction of CATR work on Smart Grid

• What is Smart Grid

• The Architecture of Smart Grid
• Typical Applications of Smart Grid

What is Smart Grid (1)
• Today’s Electric Grid
Centralized, bulk generation

Heavy reliance on coal, natural gas
Limited automation
Limited situational awareness
Consumers lack data to manage energy usage

• Smart Grid

• What is “Smart Grid”?
– Tomorrow’s so-called “Smart Grid” is a means of next-
generation energy delivery and measurement. It aims to deliver
and monitor electricity consumption using multidirectional
technologies that dynamically allocate and meter power flows
to ensure increased efficiency, savings, and reliability. (NIST)
– “an automated, widely distributed energy delivery network
characterized by a two-way flow of electricity and information,
capable of monitoring and responding to changes in everything
from power plants to customer preferences to individual
appliances. It incorporates into the grid the benefits of
distributed computing and communications to deliver real-time
information and enable the near-instantaneous balance of
supply and demand at the device level.” (DoE-US Department
of Energy)

• What is “Smart Grid”?
– “a smart grid is the electricity delivery system (from point
of generation to point of consumption) integrated with
communications and information technology” (IEEE
P2030)
– The European Commission defines a Smart Grid as an
electricity network that can intelligently integrate the
actions of all users connected to it, including generators,
consumers and those that do both in order to efficiently
deliver sustainable, economic and secure electricity
supplies. (EC Smart Grid Task Force
http://ec.europa.eu/energy/gas_electricity/smartgrids/taskf
orce_en.htms)

Today’s Tomorrow’s
Electricity Choices … Power park
e-
… Fuel Cell
Hydrogen
Wind Storage Remot
Farms Industrial e
DG Loads
Fuel Cell
Rooftop
Photovoltaic e- SMES
s
Smart
Substation
Load as a
resource Combined Heat
and Power

The Architecture of Smart Grid (1)

The Architecture of Smart Grid (2)
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Typical Applications of Smart Grid (1)
• Service Plane
– Billing
– E-Commerce
– Data Models
– Subscription management & activation
– Security Service
– Business processes
• Connectivity & Control Plane
– Connectivity Plane Functions
• OAM type functions
• Traffic engineering, protection restoration
virtualization and routing Control IP Network
• Access technologies
– Energy Control Plane Functions
• Substation automate, condition monitoring &
diagnosis, supervision & protection
• Time synchronization
• metering
• Energy Plane Energy
– Sensors
– Electric storage and interconnection
– Transmission and Distribution Power
systems, etc.
• Examples of applications and services include:
– Development and deployment of an information network that
provides a real-time, demand-side management system for power
grids.
– Support for and integration of renewables and distributed generation.
– Workflow management systems for the grid.
– Demand-response software that allows automated load maintenance.
– Protocols for grid wide system interoperability.
– Advanced communications to allow distributed energy producers to
pool resources, and to handle variations in supply and demand.
• One Typical Application Scenario - HAN
• One Typical Application - HAN
Outline
• Activities on Smart Grid in ITU-T
• Activities on Smart Grid in US
– Activities on Smart Grid in NIST
– Activities on Smart Grid in IEEE
• Activities on Smart Grid in Europe
Activities on Smart Grid in ITU-T (1)
• ITU-T established Focus Group on Smart Grid (FG-Smart)
• FG-Smart objective
– “to collect and document information and concepts that
would be helpful for developing Recommendations to
support smart grid from a telecommunication/ICT
perspective ...”
• 1st meeting of FG-Smart: 14-16 June 2010, Geneva
• More than 25 related organizations invited to 1st meeting
• 2nd meeting of FG-Smart: 2-5 Aug 2010, Geneva
• Three Working Groups established
– WG 1: Use cases
• Defined 13 use cases so far
– WG 2: Requirements
– WG 3: Architecture
• Complete Terms of Reference:
– www.itu.int/ITU-T/focusgroups/smart/tor.html
• Next Steps/Actions
– 3rd FG-Smart meeting: October 2010
– 4th FG-Smart meeting: December 2010
– 5th FG-Smart meeting: January 2011
Activities on Smart Grid in NIST (1)
• NIST: the National Institute of Standards and Technology
• Under the United States’ Energy Independence and Security
Act (EISA) of 2007, NIST was given "primary responsibility
to coordinate development of a framework that includes
protocols and model standards for information management
to achieve interoperability of smart grid devices and
systems.”
• NIST Three Phase Plan for Smart Grid Interoperability
PHASE 1 PHASE 2
•Identify
NIST an
role
initial set of Establish Smart Grid
existing consensus Interoperability Panel (SGIP)
standards and develop public-private forum with
a roadmap to fill gaps governance for ongoing efforts
PHASE 3
Conformity
Summer 2009 workshops
Framework
(includes Testing
NIST Interoperability and Certification)
Framework 1.0 Draft Smart Grid
Released Sept 2009 Interoperability NIST Interoperability
Panel established Framework 1.0
Nov 2009 Released Jan 2010
2009 January 2010
• The Smart Grid Interoperability Panel (SGIP), which
represents NIST’s second phase, supports NIST in
fulfilling its responsibilities. The SGIP identifies,
prioritizes and addresses new and emerging
requirements for Smart Grid standards. The SGIP
does not “develop” standards; rather coordinates
standards development.
• ATIS has been involved in NIST’s Smart Grid
initiatives since August 2009 and identified several
areas of ICT standards involvement in the NIST
Interoperability Framework Process and priority
actions plans (PAPs).
Priority Action Plans Priority Action Plans
Smart meter upgradeability standard Guidelines for use of IP protocol suite in the
(PAP 00, completed by NEMA in 2009) Smart Grid (PAP 01)
Standard meter data profiles (PAP 05) Guidelines for the use of wireless
Develop common specification for price and communications (PAP 02)
product definition (PAP 03) Harmonize power line carrier standards for
Develop common scheduling communication appliance communications in home (PAP15)
for energy transactions (PAP 04) Develop common information model (CIM)
Standard demand response signals (PAP 09) for distribution grid management (PAP 08)
Customer energy use information (PAP10) DNP3 Mapping to IEC 61850 Objects
(PAP12)
Energy storage interconnection guidelines
Transmission and distribution power
(PAP 07)
systems model mapping (PAP 14)
Interoperability standards to support plug-in
electric vehicles (PAP 11) Harmonization of IEEE C37.118 with IEC
61850 and Precision Time Synchronization
Wind Interconnection Standards (PAP 16) (PAP 13)
Activities on Smart Grid in IEEE (1)
• In 2009, IEEE began a new and ambitious project,
P2030,developing a guide to Smart Grid interoperability,
setting the stage for future standards development related to
Smart Grid.
• Title: IEEE Standard 2030 Guide for Smart Grid
Interoperability of Energy Technology and Information
Technology operation with the Electric Power System (EPS)
and End-Use Applications and Loads.
• Scope
– This standard provides guidelines for smart grid
interoperability. This guide provides a knowledge base
addressing terminology, characteristics, functional performance
and evaluation criteria, and the application of engineering
principles for smart grid interoperability of the electric power
system with end use applications and loads. The guide
discusses alternate approaches to good practices for the smart
grid.
• Overall Goals
– Provide guidelines in understanding and defining smart grid
interoperability of the electric power system with end-use
applications and loads
– Focus on integration of energy technology and information
and communications technology
– Achieve seamless operation for electric generation, delivery,
and end-use benefits to permit two way power flow with
communication and control
– Address interconnection and intra-facing frameworks and
strategies with design definitions
– Expand knowledge in grid architectural designs and operation
to promote a more reliable and flexible electric power system
– Stimulate the development of a Body of IEEE 2030 smart
grid standards and or revise current standards applicable to
smart grid body of standards.
TF2 (Task Force 2) TF3 (Task Force 3)
Information Communications
Technology Technology
TF1 (Task Force 1)

Power Engineering
http://smartgrid.ieee.org/ Technology
Activities on Smart Grid in Europe (1)
• The EU Smart Grids Task Force
(http://www.smartgridtoday.com/public/939.cfm)
A Steering Committee and 3 Expert Groups
– EG 1. Functionalities of Smart Grids and Smart Meters.
– EG 2. Regulatory recommendations for data safety,
data handling & data protection.
– EG 3. Roles and responsibilities of actors involved in
the deployment of Smart Grids.
• ICT Standardization, the core of ETSI activities
– M2M, Smart Metering
– Security
– Evolution of Mobile Networks (in 3GPP)
• Enhancements to the 3G/4G networks to support the M2M traffic
– Next Generation Networks (in TISPAN)
– Adapting powerline protocols to meet the smart grids
requirements
– Smart Card Platform (SCP)
– Testing and Interoperability expertise
EU US
Background: a fragmented electricity market Background: an aging power grid
Deregulation of electricity in some EC states Vision:
Vision: Smart meters and AMI are part of the toolbox that allows to
Start with a smart metering infrastructure then extend to a build a smart grid infrastructure
smart grid network
Similar end
goals but
different paths!
AMI: Advanced Metering Infrastructure
Need for a global (architecture) approach and for regional implementation
Outline
• There are a number of advantages for using wireless
communications including:
– Anywhere and anytime access to information
– Mobility
– Interoperability
– Reduced cost and complexity
– Availability of technologies with different characteristics
to choose from
• All Wireless Communication Technologies in Smart
Grid
– LTE
– HSPA+
– UMTS
– EDGE
– Cdma2000 1x
– IEEE 802.16
– IEEE 802.11
– IEEE 802.15
– ……
• A number of challenges remain to be addressed:
– How to choose among technologies with different
characteristics?
– How do we know which technology to use for what Smart
Grid application?
– Are there any implications for using a certain wireless
technology in a certain environment?
– Are there any deployment? Interference issues?
– ……
• A modeling approach is needed in order to “map”
the Smart Grid Applications requirements onto the
network functionality and services in order to
consider the following:
– Networking infrastructure and topology
– Combination of multiple wireless/wired links end-to-end
– Link sharing
• NIST_Priority_Action_Plan_2_r04.pdf
• Step 1: Select a link between two devices;
• Step 2: Identify the events that cross this link;
• Step 3: Use the information from these events to
calculate the individual contribution of frequency of
event and size of application payload
• Step 4: Select one value for each
• Step 5: Assume values for missing assumptions
• Step 6: Calculate the aggregate traffic using
selections and assumptions
• Example use of the approach
– Step 1 – Select a link between two devices
• The link between the Data Aggregation Point (DAP) and a Smart
Meter
• Step 2 – Identify the events that cross this link
• Five events are present in the • Ten events are present in the Smart Meter
DAP to Smart Meter direction to DAP direction
– 2 for meter reading – 6 for meter reading
• Multiple interval metering • Multiple interval metering reading request
reading request – Commercial/Industrial Gas smart meters
• On-demand meter read – Commercial/Industrial Electric meters
requests – Residential gas smart meters
– 3 for service switch – Residential electric smart meters
• Cancel service switch operate • On-demand read request app errors

request • On-demand meter read data
• Service switch operate request – 4 for service switch
• Service switch state request • Send service switch operate
acknowledgement
• Send service switch operate failure
• Send metrology information after a
success service switch
• Send service status data
• Step 3 – Use the information from these events to
calculate the individual contribution of frequency of
event and size of application payload.
• Step 4 – Select one value for each.
– DAP to Smart Meter direction
• Step 4 – Select one value for each.
– Smart Meter to DAP direction
• Step 5 – Assume values for missing assumptions.
– How many smart meters?
• What proportion of types of smart meters?
– Commercial/Industrial Gas smart meters
– Commercial/Industry Electric meters
– Residential gas smart meters
– Residential electric smart meters
– Assume 1000 smart meter attached to a DAP
– Assume the following proportions of types of smart meters
• Step 6 – Calculate the aggregate traffic using
selections and assumptions
– Using the selected values from step 4 and the assumed
values from step 5, the aggregate traffic for each direction
is calculated below each of the following table.
• Dual-direction application requirements of payload
rate
Number of events per meter per second = 0.152 86400 =1.76 ×10-6
Number of events per meter per second = 9.221075 86400 =1.07 × 10-4
Outline
• Work done
– 5 contributions input to ITU-T Focus Group
• ITU-T FGSG smart-i-0009: Proposal for Terminology
• ITU-T FGSG smart-i-00010: Information and telecommunication
requirements to support smart grid
• ITU-T FGSG smart-i-0011: Typical use cases of Internet of
Things applied to support smart grid
• ITU-T FGSG smart-i-0031: Terms and Definitions List for
Deliverable Terminology
• ITU-T FGSG smart-i-0032: Draft Deliverable x: Terminology
• Further interests
– Typical use cases of telecommunication technology
applied to support smart grid
– Typical use cases of M2M applications related to smart
grid
– Interoperability of telecommunication equipments applied
in smart grid (Smart metering, Smart Gateway, ……)
Thank you!

2.3 Introduction of Wireless Communication in Smart Grid

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Introduction of Wireless Communication

2010年9月12日 WWW.CHINATTL.COM 第1页

Introduction of Smart Grid

Standardization of Smart Grid

Wireless communication in Smart Grid

Introduction of CATR work on Smart Grid

2010年9月12日 WWW.CHINATTL.COM 第2页

• What is Smart Grid

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Centralized, bulk generation

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Introduction of Smart Grid

Standardization of Smart Grid

Wireless communication in Smart Grid

Introduction of CATR work on Smart Grid

2009 January 2010

TF1 (Task Force 1)

AMI: Advanced Metering Infrastructure

Need for a global (architecture) approach and for regional implementation

Introduction of Smart Grid

Standardization of Smart Grid

Wireless communication in Smart Grid

Introduction of CATR work on Smart Grid

• Cancel service switch operate • On-demand read request app errors

– Smart Meter to DAP direction

Introduction of Smart Grid

Standardization of Smart Grid

Wireless communication in Smart Grid

Introduction of CATR work on Smart Grid

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