CBSE XII Chemistry 2015 Solutions

CBSE XII Chemistry 2015 Solutions
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Section A
1. The coagulation of the lyophobic colloids can be carried out by the electrophoresis .In this method the
colloidal particles move towards oppositely charged electrodes, get discharged and precipitated.
2. Let the no. Of atoms by which Y form hcp lattice be .Then the no.of tetrahedral voids in Y becomes 2a.
Since, it is given that X occupies 2/3rd of tetrahedral voids so, no.of atoms in X is 2/3 of 2a = 4a/3
So, X : Y = 4a/3 : a = 4 : 3
Formula of compound becomes X4Y3.
3. In white phosphorus, P4 exists as a single tetrahedron structure while in red phosphorus P4 exists as chain
like structure with an extra P-P linkage with the neighboring P atom .So, the P-P bond in white phosphorus is
weak in nature which makes it more reactive then red phosphorus.
4. 2-Methylpropane-1,3-diol
5. In SN1 reaction, the generation of carbocation is the rate determining step. Higher the stability of
carbocation, faster will be the reaction. So, this is more favorable in 3°alkyl halide.
CH 3
CH 3  C  CH 3
Br
More reactive
Section B
6. Henry’s law states that the partial pressure of the gas in vapour phase (p) is proportional to the mole fraction
of the gas(x) in the solution.
p = kH x where, kH is the Henry’s constant.
Since, kH increases with the increase of temperature so, higher the value of k H at a given pressure lower is the
solubility of the gas in the liquid.
OR
Raoult’s law states that for a solution of volatile liquids, the partial vapour pressure of each component of the
solution is directly proportional to its mole fraction present in solution.
Ideal Solution Non-ideal Solution

It Obey’s Raoult’s law It doesn’t obey Raoult’s law
Volume of mixing is 0 Volume of mixing isn’t equal to 0.
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7.
(a) The higher the positive value of standard reduction electrode potential (E0) in the half cell is more likely
to go reduction on the cathode.
1
H  (aq)  e   H 2 ( g ) E 0  0.00V
2
This reaction is feasible at cathode.
(b) Since, the mercury cell doesn’t involve any ions whose concentration may change during the life time so,
it remains constant throughout its life.
8. Most of the transition elements have unpaired electrons in d subshell which leads to the stronger metallic
bonding. Since, we know that higher the metallic bonding will leads to higher enthalpies of atomisation.
Since, zinc (zn) is the only element in 3d series which have paired electrons which leads to weaker metallic
bonding and hence it has lowest enthalpy of atomisation.
9.
(i)
Pentaamminenitrocobalt (III) nitrate
(ii)
Potassium tetracyanidonickelate (II) - K 2 [ Ni (CN ) 4 ]
10.
(i) CH 3
CH 3  CO  CH 3 

?
CH 3  C  CH 3
OH
CH 3
1.CH3 MgI

CH 3  CO  CH 3 2  CH 3  C  CH 3
. H / H 2O
OH
(ii) Hell-volhard-Zelinsky reaction
CH 3  COOH 

?
ClCH 2  COOH
CH 3  COOH 1 

.Cl2 / redphospho
rus
 ClCH 2  COOH
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Section C
11.
Given: Kf for water = 1.86 K Kg/mol
500 g of water, (let w1)
Molar mass of CaCl2, = 111 g/mol (let M)
∆Tf = 2K
To calculate: amount of CaCl2, added to water, W
Solution:
Since, ∆Tf = Kf × [W/M × 1000/w1]
2 = 1.86 × W/111 × 1000/500
W = 111/1.86 = 59.67 gm.
12.
Given:
Density = 10 g cm -3
Edge length, a = 3 × 10 -8 cm
Atomic mass of the element, M= 81 g/mol
To Find: nature of cubic unit cell
Solution:
Since, density = (ZM) / (a3NA)
10 = 81Z / (27×10-24 ×6.02×1023 )
Z = (10 × 6.02)/ (3×10) = 2
Z = 2 atom, so it is BCC type of unit cell.
13.
Sn Sn 2 (0.001M ) H  (0.01M ) H 2 ( g )(1bar ) Pt ( s)

E(oSn2 / Sn)  0.14V , E(oH  / H )  0.00V
2
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Given:
Sn+2 = 0.001 M, H+ = 0.01 M, no. Of electrons, n = 2
To find: emf of cell, Ecell
Solution:
Cell reaction is:
Sn(s) + 2H+ (aq.) →Sn+2 (aq.) + H2 (g)

o
Ecell  Ecathode
o
 Eanode
o
 0.00V  (0.14V )  0.14V
Also, the Nernst equation is
0.059 [oxidised ]
E cell  Ecell
o
 log10
n [reduced ]
0.059 [0.001]
E cell  0.14  log10
2 [0.01]2
E cell  0.14  (0.0295) log10 10
E cell  0.14  0.0295  0.1105V
14.
(a) Since, the adsorption process is exothermic in nature, the physical adsorption occurs readily at low
temperatures and decreases with increasing temperature.(Le-chatelier’s principle)
(b) Alum helps colloidal particles or any other solid particles to bind together to form a heavy particle and this
heavy particle settle down in the bottom of water. When the water is filtered, we get purified water.
(c) The Brownian motion is zig-zag motion of particles in colloidal solution which prevents them from being
settle down due to gravity and hence provide stability to them.
15.
(i) Van Arkel method is used for the refining of zirconium.
(ii) CO is used as a reducing agent in the extraction of Iron.
Fe2O3  3CO  2Fe  3CO2
(iii) The Gibb’s energy should be negative for the reduction of metal oxide.
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Also, ∆G = ∆H - T∆S
Since, S of liquid > S of solid
So, S will be on more positive side which leads to ∆G negative and hence, more suitable for reduction.
16.
(a)
(i) In actinoids, the energy difference between the 5f, 6d , 7s orbitals are very less due to which they exhibit
a large no. Of oxidation states. However in lanthanoids the energy difference between the 4f , 5d , 6s orbitals
are large so, they exhibit less no. Of oxidation states.
(ii) Since, transition metals have empty d-orbitals also they have small size of the metal ion which is
suitable for the formation of complex compounds.
(b) 2MnO4  5SO32  6H   2Mn2  5SO42  3H 2O
17.
(i)
(ii)
When ∆o > P
Electronic configuration is t2g4 eg0
(iii)
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CO is strong ligand pushes all the electronss electrons to 3d orbitas which will cause the pairing of electrons
while Cl is a weak ligand, it is unable to push electrons so, [NiCl 4 ]2 is paramagnetic, while [ Ni (CO) 4 ] is
diamagnetic, though both are tetrahedral.
18.
(i) Prop-1-ene to 1-fluoropropane
CH 3  CH  CH 2 HBr
  CH 3  CH 2  CH 2 Br 
/ H 2O2
 CH 3  CH 2  CH 2 F
AgF ( Swartreaction)
(ii) Chlorobenzene to 2- Chlorotoluene
(iii) Ethanol to propanenitrile
CH 3CH 2OH SOCl

2  CH 3CH 2Cl KCN
 CH 3CH 2CN
OR
(i) n-butyl chloride is treated with alcoholic KOH.
CH 3  CH 2  CH 2  CH 2Cl alc
.KOH

 CH 3  CH 2  CH 2  CH 2  KCl  H 2O
(ii) 2,4,6-trinitrochlorobenzene is subjected to hydrolysis
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(iii) methyl chloride is treated with AgCN.
CH 3Cl  AgCN  CH 3 NC  AgCl
19.
(i) Nitro is electron withdrawing group, it decreases the electron density in phenol which helps in formation of
hydrogen ions easily while methoxy is electron donating group which increase the electron density in phenol.
Thus, the cation formed in methoxy case is less stable than the cation formed in nitro case.
(ii) Butan-1-ol has alcohol group due to which it forms hydrogen bond that’s why Butan-1-ol has a higher
boiling point than diethyl ether though they have same molecular mass.
(iii) (CH 3 )3 C  O  CH 3 The cation formed in this case is more stable because cation is formed on tertiary
carbon, so it undergoes SN1 reaction and react with HI to form
(CH 3 )3 C  I and CH 3  OH as main products.
20. CH 3
(i) CH 3  C  O HCN
 CH 3C  OH
CH 3 CN
(ii) C6 H 5  CH 2  CH 3 (a) KMnO / KOH

  
4 
(b ) H 
(iii)
/
CH 3COOH NH
3  CH 3CONH 2  H 2O
21.
(i) Nylon -6
Monomer = caprolactum
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(ii) Novolac
Monomer = Formaldehyde and Phenol
Formaldehyde = HCHO
Fig: phenol
(iii) Buna - N
Monomer = acrylonitrile, 1,3-Butadiene
Acrylonitr ile  H 2C  CH  CN
1,3  Butadiene  H 2C  CH  CH  CH 2
22.
(i) Starch
(ii)
Native protein Denatured protein

It possess a specific shape It doesn’t possess any shape
It is 3D structure of protein. It is unfolded 3D structure of native protein.
(iii) Vitamin K
Section D
23.
(i) Responsible citizen and a real educator who wants to curb the growing obesity.
(ii) As a student, I can spread the awareness by following methods :
(a) By performing a small play in the gully and street.
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(b) By displaying handmade posters in the streets.
(iii) Anti- depressant drugs - the neurologically active drugs which helps in changing moods during
depression. Exp-Phenelzine
(iv) Aspartame
Section E
24.
(a)
(i) Hoffmann bromamide degradation reaction - It is a method of preparation of primary amines by treating
an amide with bromine in an aqueous solution or ethanolic solution of NaOH.
Exp - CH 3  CO  NH 2  Br2  4 NaOH  CH 3  NH 2  Na2CO3  2 NaBr  2H 2O
(ii) Diazotisation - The conversion of primary aromatic amines into diazonium salts is known as
diazotisation.

C6 H 5NH 2  NaNO2  2HCl 273  C6 H 5N 2Cl   NaCl  2H 2O
278k
(iii) Gabriel phthalimide synthesis - It is used for the preparation of primary amines.
(b)
(i) Aniline being aromatic primary amine gives positive test with carbylamine test while N-methylaniline
being a secondary amne give negative test.
(ii) (CH 3 ) 2 NH (CH 3 )3 N
Is secondary amine give positive test with Hinsberg reagent while being teriary
amine give negative test with it.
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OR
(a)
(i)C6 H 5 N 2 Cl   CuCN / KCN  C6 H 5CN

(ii )C6 H 5 N 2 Cl   H 2O  C6 H 5OH
(iii )C6 H 5 N 2 Cl   CH 3CH 2OH  C6 H 5OCH 2CH 3
(b)
(i)(CH 3 )3 N  C2 H 5 NH 2  C2 H 5OH
(ii) p-nitro aniline < Aniline < p-methyl aniline
25.
(a) The expression in which reaction rate is expressed in terms of molar concentration of reactants with
each term raised to some power ,which may or mayn’t be equal to the stoichiometric coefficient of the
reacting species in a balanced chemical equation.
Factors that affect the rate of reaction are:
(i) Concentration of reactants.
(ii) Passage of time
(b)
Given : k1= 4 × 10-2 ,k2 = 8 × 10-2
T1 = 27°C = 300 K , T2 = 37°C = 310 K.
To calculate : the energy of activation (Ea).
Solution:
k2 Ea  T2  T1 
log   
k1 2.303R  T2T1 
0.08 Ea  310 K  300 K 
log 
0.04 2.303  8.314 JK 1mol 1  310  300 
Ea  1 
log 2 
19.15  30  310 
Ea  53598.6 J
OR
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(a) For a reaction A + B → P , the rate is given by
Rate = k [A] [B]2
(i) On doubling concentration of B ,
New rate = k [A] [2B]2 = 4 k [A] [B]2 = 4 old Rate
(ii) Since, A present in excess so, rate of reaction doesn’t affected by the changing the concentration of A.so,
Rate = k [B]2 .
(b) For first order reaction :
t1/2 = 0.693/k
23.1 minutes = .693/k
k = 0.03 /min
k
2.303
log
R 0
t R 
2.303 R0 
Also , 0.03 / min  t log 0.25 R 
0
2.303
0.03 / min  log 4
t
2.303  log 4
t  46.21 min
0.03
26.
(a)
(i) Interhalogens are formed by the reaction of one halogen with another halogens .The bond formed between
the same halogens atom is stronger than the bond formed between different halogen atoms due to which
Interhalogens are more reactive than pure halogens.
(ii) N2 is formed by three covalent bonds.so, the bond dissosiation energy is very high which isn’t meet at the
room temperature.so, it is inert at room temperature.
(iii) Less stable character has more reducing power than the stable character. Since, the stability decreases
as we move from NH3 to BiH3 so, Reducing character increases from NH3 to BiH3 .
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(b)
(i)
H4P2O7 (pyrophosphoric acid)
(ii)
XeF4
OR
(a) Phosphine is evolved when white phosphorus is heated with conc. NaOH solution.
P4  3NaOH  3H 2O  PH 3  3NaH 2 PO2
(b) Helium has the lowest boiling point.
(c) Bond dissociation energy of fluorine is lower than chlorine. However, electron gain enthalpy of chlorine is
higher than fluorine. Also, hydration energy of fluorine is higher. The net of all the three energy favours the
fluorine for the acceptance of electrons. So, Fluorine is a stronger oxidising agent than chlorine.

(d) 4H 3 PO3 
 3H 3 PO4  PH 3
(e) PbS  4O3  PbSO4  4O2
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CBSE XII Chemistry 2015 Solutions

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CBSE XII Chemistry 2015 Solutions

Formula of compound becomes X4Y3.

p = kH x where, kH is the Henry’s constant.

Ideal Solution Non-ideal Solution

This reaction is feasible at cathode.

(ii) Hell-volhard-Zelinsky reaction

CH 3  COOH 1 

Given: Kf for water = 1.86 K Kg/mol

500 g of water, (let w1)

Molar mass of CaCl2, = 111 g/mol (let M)

To calculate: amount of CaCl2, added to water, W

Since, ∆Tf = Kf × [W/M × 1000/w1]

2 = 1.86 × W/111 × 1000/500

W = 111/1.86 = 59.67 gm.

Atomic mass of the element, M= 81 g/mol

To Find: nature of cubic unit cell

Since, density = (ZM) / (a3NA)

10 = 81Z / (27×10-24 ×6.02×1023 )

Z = (10 × 6.02)/ (3×10) = 2

Z = 2 atom, so it is BCC type of unit cell.

Sn Sn 2 (0.001M ) H  (0.01M ) H 2 ( g )(1bar ) Pt ( s)

Sn+2 = 0.001 M, H+ = 0.01 M, no. Of electrons, n = 2

To find: emf of cell, Ecell

Cell reaction is:

Sn(s) + 2H+ (aq.) →Sn+2 (aq.) + H2 (g)

Also, the Nernst equation is

(i) Van Arkel method is used for the refining of zirconium.

(ii) CO is used as a reducing agent in the extraction of Iron.

Fe2O3  3CO  2Fe  3CO2

Since, S of liquid > S of solid

(b) 2MnO4  5SO32  6H   2Mn2  5SO42  3H 2O

Electronic configuration is t2g4 eg0

(i) Prop-1-ene to 1-fluoropropane

(ii) Chlorobenzene to 2- Chlorotoluene

(iii) Ethanol to propanenitrile

CH 3CH 2OH SOCl

(i) n-butyl chloride is treated with alcoholic KOH.

(ii) 2,4,6-trinitrochlorobenzene is subjected to hydrolysis

(iii) methyl chloride is treated with AgCN.

CH 3Cl  AgCN  CH 3 NC  AgCl

(ii) C6 H 5  CH 2  CH 3 (a) KMnO / KOH

Monomer = Formaldehyde and Phenol

Monomer = acrylonitrile, 1,3-Butadiene

Native protein Denatured protein

(ii) As a student, I can spread the awareness by following methods :

(a) By performing a small play in the gully and street.

(b) By displaying handmade posters in the streets.

an amide with bromine in an aqueous solution or ethanolic solution of NaOH.

Exp - CH 3  CO  NH 2  Br2  4 NaOH  CH 3  NH 2  Na2CO3  2 NaBr  2H 2O

(i)C6 H 5 N 2 Cl   CuCN / KCN  C6 H 5CN

(ii) p-nitro aniline < Aniline < p-methyl aniline

Factors that affect the rate of reaction are:

(i) Concentration of reactants.

(ii) Passage of time

Given : k1= 4 × 10-2 ,k2 = 8 × 10-2

T1 = 27°C = 300 K , T2 = 37°C = 310 K.

To calculate : the energy of activation (Ea).

(a) For a reaction A + B → P , the rate is given by

Rate = k [A] [B]2

(i) On doubling concentration of B ,

New rate = k [A] [2B]2 = 4 k [A] [B]2 = 4 old Rate

(b) For first order reaction :

23.1 minutes = .693/k

H4P2O7 (pyrophosphoric acid)