CLT Design: Using CWC'S 2017 Wood Design Manual and Woodworks® Sizer Software

2017‐11‐10
CLT Design: Using CWC’s 2017 Wood

Design Manual and WoodWorks®
Sizer Software
Kevin Rocchi, MASc, P.Eng.
The Canadian Wood Council represents the

Canadian wood products industry through a
national federation of Associations:
Kevin Rocchi, MASc, P.Eng. 1
2017‐11‐10
CWC produces and communicates technical

information to architects, engineers, builders, and
other designers on how to use wood in buildings from
a structural, fire, and sustainability design perspective.
www.cwc.ca
Presentation Outline
1. CSA O86‐14 Overview
2. Where are we with CLT Design in Canadian
Codes?
3. How are wood structures Taller than 6
Storeys being built?
4. CWC CLT Design Tools?
 Wood Design Manual 2017
 Woodworks® Sizer
2017‐11‐10
CSA O86-14 Update 1 Overview

• Published in June 2016
• Clause 8 (Gravity load
Design of CLT)
• Clause 11.9 (Lateral
Load Design of CLT)
• Clause 12 (CLT
Connection Design)
• Provides Guidance for
CLT Platform framed
KR1
LFRS up to 6 Storeys
Where are we with CLT Design in

Canadian Codes?
Provincial or Part 4 Based Referenced Number
National Code on CSA O86 of Storeys
NBC 2010 CSA O86‐09 4
BCBC 2012 NBC 2010 CSA O86‐09 6
ABC 2014 NBC 2010 CSA O86‐09 6
OBC 2012 NBC 2010 CSA O86‐09 6*
RBQ 2010 NBC 2010 CSA O86‐14* 6*
NBC 2015 CSA O86‐14 6
*Provincial Code Amended to allow more storeys or updated standard
2017‐11‐10
How are wood structures taller than 6

storeys being built?
Alternative Solutions
NBC 2015 Clause 1.2.1.1.1)b)
CSA O86‐14 Clause 4.3.2
Typically more expensive to achieve alternative solutions

18 Storey Brock Commons
Demonstration Project
(Vancouver)
o Gravity: 2‐way CLT Floors
and SCL/Glulam Columns
o LFRS: Concrete
Shearwalls
o Utilized Site Specific
Code Amendment to
allow for an 18 Storey
Wood Structure
o UBC Campus has its own
Building Department
Photos Courtesy of Acton Ostry Architect Inc. (website)
2017‐11‐10

12+1 Storey Origine
Demonstration Project
(Quebec City)
o Gravity: Glulam post
and beam, CLT Walls
and Floors
o LFRS: CLT Shearwalls
and Diaphragms
o Alternative Solution
Origine (from the package NORDIC‐CWC‐
2017.zip): Nordic Structures © Stéphane Groleau

8 Storey Abora Condos (Montreal)
o Gravity: Glulam post and beam, CLT Walls
and Floors
o LFRS: CLT Shearwalls and Diaphragms
o Alternative Solution using Quebec Guide
Arbora (from the package NORDIC‐CWC‐2017.zip): Nordic Structures
© Adrien Williams
2017‐11‐10

Quebec Guide for Mass
Timber Construction up
to 12 Storeys
• Pre‐approved
Alternative Solution for
Mass Timber including
CLT for up to 12 Storeys
• RBQ is the only body
which reviews and
accepts alternative
solutions in Quebec
• Other Provinces ‐
required to prove
Alternative Solutions
with local AHD

Why is the Tall Wall Guide Limited to 12
Storeys?
 Most cities don’t build taller than 12
 Wood Compression Perpendicular to Grain
Failure
The Case for Tall Wood
Buildings (2012)
By MGB Architects +
Photo Courtesy
Design, Equilibrium of Acton Ostry
Architect Inc.
Consulting, LMDG Lft. (website)
And BTY Group
2017‐11‐10

What options do I have outside Quebec?
• Wait for Possible Code Changes to the
NBC (2020?)
• Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources
and Forestry
 Ontario Tall Wood Building
Reference: A Technical Resource for
Developing Alternative Solutions
under Ontario’s Building Code
 November 2017

New NRCan Demonstration Project Funding:
 Facilitate revisions to the 2020 and 2025 NBC to
allow wood buildings up to 12 stories.
 A Call for Expressions of Interest closes in
December 2017
 Visit gcwood.ca
ON specific projects received MIGHT be evaluated
concurrently by MNRF and NRCan
Based on updated climatic models, Climatic and
Seismic Data is likely to change in NBC 2020
Why stop at 12 Storeys when wood components
work within an 18 Storey Building?
2017‐11‐10
Wood Design Manual 2017
 CSA O86‐14 Update 1 and 2
 O86 Structural Commentary

Chapter 2 Bending Members
• Several orthogonal layers of lumber, laid flatwise and
glued (Typical 3 to 9 alternating layers).
• Thickness usually ranges between 100 mm and 300 mm
(as thick as 500 mm can be produced).
• Width usually ranges from 1.2 to 3 m, Length can range
from 5 to 19.5 m
• Panel Size limited by manufacturers’ press and
transportation regulations.
Photos
Courtesy of FPI
CLT HandBook
2017‐11‐10

• CSA O86 includes 5 Stress Grades (E1, E2, E3, V1 and V2).
o E – MSR, V‐ visually graded lumber (Refers to grade of
Longitudinal layers)
o Transverse layers consist of lower grade visually graded
lumber
Longitudinal Layers
Transverse Layers

2017‐11‐10

Manufacturer CLT Layups and Properties
• British Columbia
• Engineers
Responsible for
Design
• Grades – E1, V2
• SPF MSR and visual
grade D.Fir‐L
Crosslam CLT Technical Design Guide
(www.structurlam.com)

Manufacturer CLT Layups and Properties
• Quebec
• Nordic Engineers
Complete Design
(Exceptions)
• Grades – E1
• Black Spruce
MSR
Nordic Structures Design Properties, Nordic X‐lam
(www.Nordic.ca)
2017‐11‐10

*Similar Equations for Minor Strength Axis

Effective Bending Stiffness and in‐plane shear rigidity
2017‐11‐10


2017‐11‐10


2017‐11‐10

5‐ply, V1 stress grade (h=175 mm):


2017‐11‐10


CLT Stiffness
= Elastic deflection due to Short and Standard term loads
= Elastic deflection due to long term loads
= Creep Adjustment factor (=2.0)
Uniform Loads: Concentrated Loads:
2017‐11‐10

Panel Selection Tables

From the floor panel selection table
D=1.5 kPa and L=2.4 kPa:
For V1, 5‐ply
Allowable span = 6.63 m > 6 m 
What if the floor is sensitive to
vibration? (e.g. Residential Floor)
2017‐11‐10

CLT Vibration Design

Panel Selection Tables
2017‐11‐10

What if the floor is sensitive to
vibration? (e.g. Residential Floor)
From the vibration selection table:
For V1, 5‐ply
Allowable span = 5.27 m < 6 m X
Use 7‐ply V1 ‐ 6.58 m

Nail‐Laminated Timber Panels (NLT)
• Consists of lumber
members stacked on
edge and spiked
together
• CSA O86‐14 Clause
6.5.11.1 Nail‐Laminated
Decking
• Treated similarly to
Plank Decking in CSA
O86
Photo Courtesy of Structurcraft
2017‐11‐10

Nail Laminated Timber Panels (NLT)
• “Mill construction”
• Over 43 buildings (5
storey and greater in
height) exist in Toronto
• NLMA published the
Heavy Timber Mill
Construction Buildings
(1916)
• Guidance on the Design
of NLT existed in first
NBC (1941) and the first
CSA O86 (1959)
Photo Courtesy of FPI

2017‐11‐10


Glued‐Laminated Timber Panels (GLT)
 Treat the system as a built‐up beam consisting of No.2 grade lumber
 No increased strength for higher grades of Glulam
2017‐11‐10

Glued Laminated Timber Panels (GLT)

Chapter 3 Compression Members
2017‐11‐10

< 43

Ieff, Aeff and reff for CLT Panels Major and
Minor Strength Axis
2017‐11‐10


Chapter 5 Combined Bending and Compression Members
PΔ
2017‐11‐10

(Pf/Pr) + (Mf/Mr)PΔ = 1.0 Selection Tables:

700 • Based on various
600 levels Pr (10 –
500 80%)
400 • Provides factored
Pf (kN)
0.4Pr
300 uniform area
200 loads, w’r (kPa)
Determine
100 w’r based on Mf which result when
0 (Pf/Pr) + (Mf/Mr)PΔ
0 10 20 30 40
Mf (kNm) = 1.0

Pf Pf Pf
e = 0 e = d/6 e = d/2
w’r w’r w’r
2017‐11‐10


Chapter 6 Bearing Design
General Bearing Check
Critical Bearing Check
2017‐11‐10


General Bearing Check
*Load on floor
panel adds 15 kN

Critical Bearing Check
 Critical Bearing Governs
2017‐11‐10

Chapter 7 Connection Design
Cross Lamination Effect
Longitudinal • Different layers are loaded at
F
Layers different angles due to cross
lamination
• Causes decrease in strength
compared with common wood‐
to‐wood connections (observed
through testing)
• Adjustment factor for CLT
(Jx = 0.9)
Transverse Layers • O86 covers, nails, wood screws,
bolts and lag screws

Chapter 7 Connection Design ‐ Bolts
o Load // to major strength
direction (i.e., outer layer)
50 1 0.01
o Load perp. to major
strength direction
22 1 0.01
 Check Brittle Failure
Modes for uncommon
bolt configurations
2017‐11‐10

Chapter 7 Connection Design ‐ Bolts
Check Brittle Failure Modes for uncommon
bolt configurations
See O86 for guidance

Chapter 7 Connection Design – Bolts
105 mm
thick V2
stress
grade CLT
How Many ¾” bolts per along a
1 m wide panel when the
factored load is 30.9 kN?
2017‐11‐10

Chapter 7 Connection Design – Bolts
30.9 kN / 16.2 kN = 1.91

Therefore use 2 – 3/4” Bolts per m

Chapter 7 Connection Design – Nails and Wood Screws
Lateral resistance
2 50 1 0.01
110 . 1 0.01
0.67 for nailing into end grain,
or make sure side grain penetration occurs
Withdrawal resistance
. .
16.4 nails
. .
59 screws
0.9 for CLT
2017‐11‐10


Notes:
4. Table based on Jx = 1.0, applicable to
all wood products except CLT. For CLT
multiply the values in the Table by 0.9.
2017‐11‐10

Chapter 8 Lateral Load Design
• Structure type
 Platform construction
• Design Considerations
 Rely on capacity design procedures
 moderate or high ductility connections for
energy dissipation at specified locations
 other connections are designed with sufficient
over-strength to be non-dissipative connections
• Rd <= 2.0, Ro = 1.5
• CLT Panels Act as rigid bodies
 O86 does not provide guidance on in-plane bending
and shear strength and stiffness
 Research has shown it is unlikely to govern
 Prudent to check (Manufacturer)

• Intended rigid body motion
 Rocking or rocking and
sliding in combination
 If sliding only RdRo=1.3
• Aspect Ratio 1:1 to 1:4
 If less than 1:1 use RdRo=1.3
• Height limit
 In high seismic zones, <=20 m; other seismic
zones, <=30 m
 Same as nailed wood-based shearwall
• Irregularity restriction
 Type 4 or 5 irregularities not allowed
2017‐11‐10

• Energy-dissipative connections (Fuse):
 connections joining the walls to the foundation or the floor
panels below,
 vertical joints between the wall panels
 discrete hold-downs
• Non-dissipative connections (Over-Strength):
 continuous steel rods
 floor to supporting wall joints
 connections between perpendicular walls
• Factored resistance of non-dissipative connections
required to be higher than the strength demand that is
induced on them when the energy-dissipative
connections reach their 95th percentile of ultimate
resistance under cyclic loading.

• In the case of a monolithic CLT wall, the analytical
procedure is simple and only based on equilibrium
F Kinematic Mode –
Rocking (Rd=2.0,Ro=1.5)
For Simplicity – No Dead
Load
Energy‐dissipative
connections:
Hold‐downs
Non‐dissipative
connections: Angle
Brackets
2017‐11‐10

F = 16 kN
HDF = F x H / L

16 kN x 3m/3m =
HDF = 16 kN
H=3m
HDF
L=3m

F = 16 kN
HDF = 16 kN
Custom HD
¾” bolt, single 6 mm
steel plate,105 mm
thick panel
HDcap
HDcap = 16.2 kN
> 16 kN 
2017‐11‐10

HDcap = 16.2 kN
 Based on 5th%ile
Capacity (CSA O86)
HDcap  Need 95th%ile
capacity to design
non‐dissipative
connections
Energy‐dissipative connections:
Hold‐downs  Connector
Non‐dissipative connections: Manufacturer
Angle Brackets

• Two Panel CLT wall
 no established analytical procedures in O86
 no specific guidance on the actual kinematic mode the
wall will experience (Rocking, sliding, combo)
 further complicated by the presence of gravity loads
• Two Panel CLT wall example - “Analytical Approach to
Establish the Elastic Behaviour of Multi-Panel CLT Shear-
Walls Subjected to Lateral Loads”
2017‐11‐10

Design CLT Shearwalls beyond the Code and Standard?
Detailed Finite Element Models
Application of Analysis
Tools from NEWBuildS
Research Network in
Design of a High‐Rise
Wood Building
Available at:
Newbuildscanada.ca

Chapter 10 Fire Design
CSA O86-14 Annex B – Alternative Solution for Determining
Fire Resistance of large cross sectional wood members
Steps:
1. Determine Specified
Loads (Mf)
2. Determine reduced
cross section based on
charring
3. Determine Mr for
reduced cross section
with additional
adjustment factors
4. Check Mr > Mf
2017‐11‐10

Chapter 10 Fire Design

CLT Design: Using CWC'S 2017 Wood Design Manual and Woodworks® Sizer Software

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2017‐11‐10

CLT Design: Using CWC’s 2017 Wood

The Canadian Wood Council represents the

CWC produces and communicates technical

CSA O86-14 Update 1 Overview

Where are we with CLT Design in

How are wood structures taller than 6

How are wood structures taller than 6

How are wood structures taller than 6

How are wood structures taller than 6

How are wood structures taller than 6

How are wood structures taller than 6

How are wood structures taller than 6

How are wood structures taller than 6

Wood Design Manual 2017

Wood Design Manual 2017

Wood Design Manual 2017

Wood Design Manual 2017

Wood Design Manual 2017

Wood Design Manual 2017

Wood Design Manual 2017

Wood Design Manual 2017

Wood Design Manual 2017

Wood Design Manual 2017

Wood Design Manual 2017

Wood Design Manual 2017

Wood Design Manual 2017

Wood Design Manual 2017

Wood Design Manual 2017

Wood Design Manual 2017

Wood Design Manual 2017

Wood Design Manual 2017

Wood Design Manual 2017

Wood Design Manual 2017

Wood Design Manual 2017

Wood Design Manual 2017

Wood Design Manual 2017

Wood Design Manual 2017

Wood Design Manual 2017

Wood Design Manual 2017

Wood Design Manual 2017

Wood Design Manual 2017

Wood Design Manual 2017

Wood Design Manual 2017

Wood Design Manual 2017

Wood Design Manual 2017

Wood Design Manual 2017

(Pf/Pr) + (Mf/Mr)PΔ = 1.0 Selection Tables:

Wood Design Manual 2017

w’r w’r w’r

Wood Design Manual 2017

Wood Design Manual 2017

Wood Design Manual 2017

Wood Design Manual 2017

Wood Design Manual 2017

Wood Design Manual 2017

Wood Design Manual 2017

Wood Design Manual 2017

Wood Design Manual 2017

30.9 kN / 16.2 kN = 1.91

Wood Design Manual 2017

0.9 for CLT

Wood Design Manual 2017