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IC Engine Practical
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Piston assembly is removed, piston pin cir clip then is roomed by cir clip pliers to allow pull out
the piston pin from the piston
Assembly steps are same as the steps done for dismantling in reveres way. Special tool to be used for
assembly is piston compressor.
For contacting, ggc@windowslive.com Mechanical Engineer
Intake stroke
In this stroke, the intake valve opened and exhaust valve closed. The mixture of air and
fuel will be sucked into the cylinder from the carburetor. This because expansion of the
volume in the cylinder cased by the downward motion of the piston to bottom dead
center. That can lead to create vacuum in the cylinder.
Compression stroke
In this stroke, both intake and exhaust valve are closed .the mixture of air and fuel is
compressed to make it easier to ignite , this because the volume of the cylinder will
be reduced due to the movement of the piston upward to top dead center.
Ignition stroke
In this stroke, both intake and exhaust valve are closed. The spark plug will inject a
ignition spark to ignite the compressed mixture. The piston then wills pushed down
ward to bottom dead center by the high pressure gas.
For contacting, ggc@windowslive.com Mechanical Engineer
Exhaust stroke
In this stroke, the energies come from fly wheel and the motion of other piston will
move the piston upward to top dead center .the intake valve will be remain close
and the exhaust will be opened to allow the exhaust gas going to the exhaust
muffler.
The following PV diagram will show graph illustrate the pressure verses the volume
in the cylinder during the four different stroke.
As it can be seen from the graph, the relation between the pressure and volume is inversely
proportional, as the volume degrease, the pressure will increase. The pressure will be highest during the
power stroke at top dead center. Whereas, the cylinder will have low pressure when the volume
increase in intake stroke at bottom dead center.
PV diagram
The idealized four-stroke Otto cycle p-V diagram: the intake (A) stroke is performed by an isobaric
expansion, followed by the compression (B) stroke, performed by an adiabatic compression. Through
the combustion of fuel an isochoric process is produced, followed by an adiabatic expansion,
characterizing the power (C) stroke. The cycle is closed by an isochoric process and an isobaric
For contacting, ggc@windowslive.com Mechanical Engineer
The idea and concepts are the same in the engines. However, there are little bet things are different
which I will explain it now.
First thing I noticed that our engine is vertical engine while the engine with other group is V type.
The arrangement for cam shaft is different. In our engine we have only one cam shift whiles the other
have two.
The valves are not the same with other group valves. In our engine we have springs to return valves to
the same place to close. While others don’t have
For the timing mechanism, in our engine we have chain which is connected between cam shifts and the
crank shift. Whereas, the other engine don’t have chain, it have rubber time belt.
Extra information
Arrangement for IC four stroke
Figure 3. V - The cylinders are arranged in two banks set at an angle to one another.
Figure 4. Flat - The cylinders are arranged in two banks on opposite sides of the engine.
A single overhead camshaft cylinder head from a 1987 Honda CRX Si.
Single overhead camshaft (SOHC) is a design in which one camshaft is placed within the cylinder head. In
an inline engine this means there is one camshaft in the head, while in a V engine or a horizontally-
opposed engine (boxer; flat engine) there are two camshafts: one per cylinder bank.
Overhead view of Suzuki GS550 head showing dual camshafts and drive sprockets.
A double overhead camshaft valve train layout is characterized by two camshafts located within the
cylinder head, one operating the intake valves and one operating the exhaust valves. Some engines have
more than one bank of cylinder heads (V8 and flat-four being two well-known examples) and these have
more than two camshafts in total, but they remain DOHC. The term "twin cam" is imprecise, but will
normally refer to a DOHC engine. Some manufacturers still managed to use a SOHC in 4-valve layouts