26 FEBRUARY 2014 VOL 51 • ISSUE 9

IHS Jane’s
Defence Weekly
ihs.com/janes

Rolling on
Europe’s AFV programmes look to
advance beyond the downturn

• Ukraine sacks reformist defence chief amid crisis - p5

• Saudi Arabia places major order for GDLS vehicles - p6
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IHS™Jane’s A German Puma IFV during trials ** is available online at
ihs.com/janes , rior
Defence Weekly
in the UAE. Despite the economic
downturn, European AFV
programmes are progressing.
to publication of the
VOLUME 51 ISSUE NO 9 • 26 February 2014 (See pages 24-30) hardcopy magazine

contents » On the web

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Eurofighter: 1428236
BAE Systems plans to conduct two firing
of the MBDA Meteor beyond-visual-range
air-to-air missile during 2014 as part of the

Headlines Middle East/Africa multinational effort to bring the weapon into

service on the Eurofighter Typhoon.

5 Ukraine sacks CGS for refusing to deploy 17 Commander replacement splits Syria's
troops moderate insurgents • EU prepares arms embargo against
6 Saudi Arabia places major GDLS order Smerch rockets used in Syria Ukraine
Airliner hijacking exposes Swiss Air Force 18 Egyptian-Russian arms deal in the pipeline • UK receives full complement of Reaper
to ridicule 19 EU trainers to help Somalis track weapons UAVs
7 Japan discusses return of US plutonium and ammo • NCIA to assess Balkan NATO aspirants’
France wastes EUR214 million on carrier air defence radar needs
studies Business • Brazilian Navy trials ScanEagle on board
8 Singapore could ultimately decide SABR/ new OPV
RACR duel 20 ST Eng says it will not be affected by Indian • Venezuelan Army begins repair and
debarment upgrade of AMX-13 tank fleet
The Americas India does not present IPR problems, • Canada set to repair submarine's
says Boeing defective diesel generator
10 New watercraft topping US army’s priorities 21 Kalashnikov share registration begins as new
Colombian Kfir lost in training accident strategy launched
11 OIW wins out in Combatant Craft Medium Patria forced to look at redundancies » Subscribe today
competition 22 Human rights changes may soften US view
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Ukraine sacks CGS for
refusing to deploy troops
REUBEN F JOHNSON JDW Correspondent____________
KIEV
As the crisis in Ukraine deepened on
20 February, the reformist chief of the
general staff (CGS), Colonel General
Volodomyr Zamana, was relieved from
his post by the administration of Presi­
dent Viktor Yanukovych.
Gen Zamana’s removal was initially
explained away as part of a normal rotation
of senior personnel, but it subsequently
emerged in an interview with the general on
Kiev’s 5 Kanal television station on 21 Feb­
ruary that he was dismissed from his post for
refusing to send troops in against the protest­
ers in Kiev’s Independence Square.
Gen Zamana has now been replaced by
Admiral Yuri Ilyin: a naval commander who
has spent much of his career in the Russian-
leaning Crimea region of Ukraine and who is
the first naval officer to serve in the posi­
tion. Russian politicians routinely voice the
opinion that the Crimea, which was ceded
to Ukraine in 1954, actually still ‘belongs’ to
Russia; the population in the region is largely
Russian-speaking.
The supposition is that Adm Ilyin
would be more amenable to orders given
by President Yanukovych, whose govern­
ment has been under massive pressure
following violent clashes between security
forces and a wide-scale protest movement
spreading throughout Ukraine. The Ukrai­
nian president is understood to have been
manoeuvring to try and have the protesters
officially declared as ‘terrorists’ and then
have the Ukrainian Security Service (SBU)
HEADLINES «
• Reformist Chief of the General Staff
Colonel General Volodomyr Zamana has
been dismissed for refusing to send
troops in against the protesters in Kiev’s
Independence Square
• His replacement, Admiral Yuri Ilyin, is
expected to be more amenable to Ukrainian
President Viktor Yanukovych’s orders
carry out an ‘anti-terrorist operation’ in
which all military units would fall under
the SBU’s operational control. With at least
77 confirmed killed in clashes as IHS Jane’s
Defence Weekly went to press, all indication
has been that any such use of the military
to suppress the Kiev protests would end in
massive bloodshed.
Gen Zamana was not officially dismissed
from the Ukrainian armed forces, but was
instead reshuffled away to the position of
deputy secretary on the Ukrainian National
Security Council.
A former US military officer who knew Gen
Zamana frequently described him as being
“way out in front of his political leadership in
terms of understanding how much the mili­
tary needed to be reformed. Much of what
he came up with in terms of proposals for
changing the laws that govern the military
and its role in a civil society were on his own
initiative, rather than being prompted or
‘spoon-fed’ to him by US military contractors
working with the Ukrainian military”.
The overall assessment is that Gen
Zamana was a stand-out officer in a military
establishment that has more than its fair
share of problems. ■
Ukraine’s chief of
the general staff
was dismissed on
20 February amid
widespread violent
protests against
the government of
President
Yanukovych.
Viktor
26 February 2014 Jane's Defence Weekly | 5
» HEADLINES
Saudi Arabia places major GDLS order
JEREMY BIN WE JDW Middle East/Africa Editor
LONDON
General Dynamics Land Sys­
tems Canada (GDLS-C) has
won a major contract to sup­
ply armoured vehicles to Saudi
Arabia, Canadian International
Trade Minister Ed Fast an­
nounced on 14 February.
Fast’s office released a state­
ment describing the deal as
“a historic multibillion dollar
contract win for vehicles and
associated equipment, training
and support services” and said it
would last for 14 years.
GDLS-C makes the Light
Armoured Vehicle (LAV) family,
including the US Army’s Stryker,
and has already supplied over
1,600 LAV variants to the Saudi
Arabia National Guard (SANG)
since 1992.
The statement indicated that
the Saudi vehicles would be a new
Airliner hijacking exposes Swiss Air Force to ridicule
The hijacking of an Ethiopian
Airlines Boeing 767 airliner
on 17 February has seen the
Swiss Air Force subject to
widespread ridicule as it was
unable to respond due to the
incident occurring ‘outside
of office hours’, international
media have reported.
With Swiss Boeing F/A-18
Hornet and Northrop F-5 Tiger
II fighters being unavailable due
to the timing of the incident at
4am on Monday morning, Italian
Eurofighter Typhoon and French
Mirage 2000 jets, which had
earlier intercepted the airliner as
it passed through their respective
airspaces, were forced to remain
on station as the Ethopian Air­
lines co-pilot diverted his aircraft
to Geneva Airport.
“Switzerland [could not]
6 | Jane's Defence Weekly 26 February 2014
• General Dynamics Land
Systems Canada (GDLS-C)
has won a “historic
multibillion dollar contract” to
supply armoured vehicles to
Saudi Arabia
• An official statement has
indicated the Saudi vehicles
would be a new design,
although they may possibly be
based on GDLS-C’s existing
LAV platform
design, although possibly based
on the existing LAV platform.
“The light armoured vehicles will
be designed and manufactured
[in London, Ontario],” it said. It
quoted GDLS-C Vice-President
Danny Deep as saying: “This latest
contract confirms our position as a
leading armoured vehicle designer
intervene because its air bases
are closed at night and on the
weekend.... It’s a question of bud­
get and staffing,” Swiss Air Force
spokesperson Laurent Savary was
quoted as telling the AFP.
While Switzerland does have
Swiss Air Force fighters, such as this Northrop F-5 Tiger II, only fly during
‘office hours’.
For further insight and analysis go to ihs.com/janes
The latest variant of the LAV family is the LAV-H, seen here on display with
additional defensive upgrades at the IDEX 2011 show in Abu Dhabi.
and manufacturer in the world.”
When asked by CBC News how
many vehicles would be delivered
under the contract, Fast said:
“They are not sure yet because
there are some details of the con­
tract that they cannot share with
us. What we can say is that it is a
multibillion dollar contract.”
agreements with neighbour­
ing countries to provide quick
reaction alert duties during these
down times, the hijacking brings
into focus the lack of resources
available to the country’s air
force at a time when it is look­
Other media organisations
reported that the contract was
worth USD 10 billion and could
increase to USD13 billion if all
options are exercised. This would
represent a major acquisition
for Saudi Arabia and suggests its
armed forces will phase out one
or more of older types. ■
ing to procure 22 new Gripen E
fighters from Saab.
A national referendum into
that procurement is due to go
ahead on 18 May, so the air
force’s embarrassment at its
seeming inability to carry out
its core mission to safeguard the
national airspace could hardly
have come at a worse time.
With the government looking
to convince the Swiss people
of the need to spend CHF3.1
billion (USD3.5 billion) on
new fighter aircraft, many in
Switzerland and beyond will
be questioning whether that
| money might be better spent by
f Switzerland properly funding
j the assets it already has.
Gareth Jennings
Jane’s Aviation Desk Editor,
London
ihs.com/janes
For further insight and analysis go to ihs.com/janes
Japan discusses return of US plutonium
KOSUKE TAKAHASHI JDW Correspondent
TOKYO
The Japanese Ministry of
Foreign Affairs has confirmed
that Japan is in talks with the
United States over the return
of 331 kg of weapons-grade
plutonium supplied to Tokyo
for research purposes during
the Cold War era.
The negotiations are getting
under way as the administration
of US President Barack Obama
aims to strengthen global nuclear
security to reduce the danger of
nuclear terrorism, a foreign min­
istry spokesman told IHS Jane’s
on 18 February.
"Japan itself is also placing
importance on security of
nuclear materials,” said the
spokesman. “To contribute to
the strengthening of interna­
tional nuclear security, we are
France wastes EUR214 million on carrier studies
The French Court of Audi­
tors (Cour des Comptes) has
revealed that France spent
EUR214 million (USD274 mil­
lion) on its studies for a poten­
tial common Anglo-French air­
craft carrier programme, which
was eventually abandoned.
In 2006-07 France paid
EUR112 million to the United
Kingdom as an “entry ticket” to
the UK’s Carrier Vessel Future
(CVF) programme and a further
EUR 102 million on contract
studies related to industrial co­
operation,the report states.
France currently operates a
single aircraft carrier, Charles de
Gaulle, which is only operational
about 65% of the year due to
heavy maintenance requirements
on its nuclear power system.
France therefore began discus­
ihs.com/janes
co-operating with US efforts.”
The plutonium supplied to
Japan, which could arm up to
50 nuclear bombs, is currently
stored at the Japan Atomic Energy
Agency’s (JAEA’s) Nuclear Sci­
ence Research Institute in Tokai,
Ibaraki Prefecture, which is about
150 km northeast ofTokyo. The
facility hosts the nation’s only
critical assembly for the study of
the neutronic characteristics of
fast reactors. The United States
had supplied the plutonium,
partly produced by the UK, to
Japan for research on critical
experiments during the Cold War.
Japan also has another 44 tons
of plutonium, which has mostly
been accumulated by the repro­
cessing of spent nuclear fuel, but
experts say this adulterated, low-
France wasted EUR214 million on work to launch a joint aircraft carrier
programme with the United Kingdom, the French court of auditors has found.
sions with the United Kingdom
in 2002 to launch a common
programme to share develop­
ment costs on a new carrier.
However, these plans were
suspended in 2008 before being
cancelled in 2 013 by France’s
military programming law.
HEADLINES «
quality plutonium is ill-suited for
fast reactor research.
The United States had also sup­
plied an unspecified amount of
enriched uranium to Japan during
the Cold War, but Tokyo returned
this around 1997, according to a
spokesman at the JAEA.
“The plutonium at issue in
Ibaraki is high-quality, pure plu­
tonium-239, which can be used
to produce nuclear weapons,”
Tetsuya Endo, former governor of
the International Atomic Energy
Agency (IAEA), told IHS Jane’s
on 20 February. “The US has
been requesting Japan to return
both the plutonium and highly
enriched uranium,” said Endo.
“Japan has already returned
highly enriched uranium.”
News of the US request, which
appeared at a strained time in
relations between Washington and
Tokyo following US condemnation
| compromised from its beginning.
| Firstly, the schedules for the
s two nations were different,
The court described the
EUR112 million entrance fee to
the programme as “a pure French
financing contribution to the
definition phase of the British
aircraft carrier programme”,
while the EUR 102 million stud­
ies are “considered obsolete”
26 February 2014 Jane’s Defence Weekly | 7
of Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo
Abe’s visit to Yasukuni shrine in
late December, raised speculation
in Japan of US suspicion towards
the Japanese government.
However, Endo, a former diplo­
mat who used to serve as acting
chairman of the Cabinet Office’s
Japan Atomic Energy Commis­
sion, said such speculation is
groundless, stressing that the
Obama administration is simply
increasingly concerned about the
potential theft of nuclear mate­
rial by terrorists.
Kyodo News first reported the
US plutonium request on 27 Janu­
ary. Citing unnamed Japanese
and US government sources, the
Japanese news agency stated:
“Japan has strongly resisted
returning the plutonium, which it
says is needed for researching fast
reactors, but it has finally given in
to repeated US demands.” ■
and therefore wasted, given the
cancellation of French plans for a
second carrier.
The Anglo-French studies
looked to create two carriers for
the UK Royal Navy, the currently
in-build Queen Elizabeth class,
and one for the French Navy.
However, according to the Cour
des Comptes, the project was
with France seeking a carrier
2015 and the UK onlyby2020.
Secondly, the requirements for
the two nations were very differ­
ent: short take-off and vertical
landing for the UK and catapult-
assisted take-off but arrested
recovery for the French Navy.
Guillaume Belan
JDW Correspondent, Paris
» HEADLINES
Singapore could ultimately
decide SABR/RACR duel
REUBEN F JOHNSON JDW Correspondent
KIEV
The story of which industry
team will capture the lion’s
share of the business to
upgrade the Lockheed Martin
F-16 has taken a new turn,
with a decision by Singapore
potentially now a ‘game
winner’, while rumours con­
tinue to circulate about the
US Air Force’s (USAF’s) future
plans for modernising its own
F-16 fleet.
The USAF’s Combat Avionics
Programmed Extension Suite
(CAPES) programme was origi­
nally intended to involve 300 US
F-16 aircraft, all of which would
be upgraded with Northrop
Grumman’s Scalable Agile Beam
Radar (SABR) and a set of other
onboard systems integrated by
Lockheed Martin, the aircraft’s
original manufacturer.
Both the SABR and its com­
petitor, the Raytheon Advanced
Combat Radar (RACR), are active
electronically scanned array
(AESA) radars designed to replace
the F-16’s existing Northrop
Grumman AN/APG-68 mechani­
cally steered array (MSA) radar
set. For its proposed upgrade
Raytheon is paired with BAE
Systems, which performs the role
of integrator and supplier for a
new set of cockpit displays, an
electronic warfare suite, and a
main mission computer.
Taiwan (the Republic of China
- RoC) had elected to join the
USAF in a joint effort focused on
the SABR radar, with Lock­
heed Martin as the programme
integrator, and would have 146
of its aircraft upgraded with this
package. The island nation is one
of the three near-term export
customers for an F-16 moderni-
8 | Jane’s Defence Weekly 26 February 2014
• Rumours continue to circulate
suggesting that the USAF is to
cancel its CAPES F-16 AESA/
avionics upgrade
• The effects of such a
decision will be keenly felt in
Southeast Asia, where Taiwan,
South Korea, and Singapore
are all looking to modernise
their own F-16s with an AESA-
based upgrade
sation, along with South Korea,
with 130 F-16s to be mod­
ernised, and Singapore, which is
looking to modernise between
60 and 70 of the type.
Taiwan elected to go with the
same upgrade configuration as
the USAF on the basis that the
programme’s non-recurring
engineering (NRE) costs would
be amortised over a total of
446 aircraft. However, there
have been rumours for months
now that on 4 March the USAF
could zero out budgeting for the
CAPES upgrade in its 2015 bud­
get plan in an effort to maintain
current funding levels for the
An RSAF F-16 Block 52+ on display at the Singapore Airshow. Singapore’s
choice of F-16 upgrade could decide the winner of the duel between the
SABR and RACR radars in Southeast Asia.
For further insight and analysis go to ihs.com/janes
F-35 Joint Strike Fighter (JSF).
Officials from Lockheed
Martin and Northrop Grumman
stated at the Singapore Airshow
this month that there would be
no impact on the unit cost if the
USAF withdrew from CAPES. The
head of LM Aeronautics, Orlando
Carvalho, stated that almost
every country contemplating an
F-16 upgrade “is doing some­
thing unique”, which makes
the question of if or when the
USAF decides to go forward with
CAPES a non-issue.
However, an industry source
who spoke with IHS Jane’s
claimed that the reason there
would be no appreciable impact
on the unit cost for the upgrade
offered to Taiwan if the USAF
ditched CAPES is because “in
reality the Taiwanese were
always paying for the entire
NRE; they just do not know it”.
The source further claimed that
Taiwan will end up not only
paying the full NRE costs of the
SABR plus the Lockheed Martin
upgrade, but that, “since SABR
was never productionised and
has only ever existed as a few
prototypes, Taiwan will also pay
for the creation of the entire
I APG-6 3 (V) 3 AESA, so incorporat-
SABR production line and the
establishment of a full raft of
suppliers to support that effort”.
These and other uncertainties
led South Korea to instead bid
its F-16 upgrade competitively,
which resulted in its selection
of the combination of RACR and
BAE Systems, which has a cost
structure independent of the
USAF programme. Raytheon
executives such as Jim Hvizd,
vice-president for international
strategy and business develop­
ment, state that the approach of
their company was to minimise
the cost of the upgrade by mak­
ing the RACR a production-stan­
dard design from day one that is
piggy-backed on the ‘hot’ pro­
duction lines of the company’s
other AESA models. This makes
the Raytheon offer “orders of
magnitude cheaper” than the
rival package from Lockheed
Martin and Northrop Grumman,
Raytheon officials claim.
Singapore, meanwhile, has
now become an effective tie­
breaker as to which of the teams
will win the most F-16 upgrade
business, with its selection seen
as potentially pivotal because
of the reputation the island
state has of being a smart buyer.
Industry sources state that Sin­
gapore had originally been pre­
disposed to select the Lockheed
Martin/Northrop Grumman
package and the SABR radar, but
one source told IHS Jane’s that “if
the USAF or the RoC were to pull
out of the effort, the uncertain­
ties that this creates might cause
them [Singapore] to re-evaluate
their options”.
Raytheon representatives
point out that there would be
certain synergies that Singapore
would take advantage of by
selecting RACR. “Their current
| fleet of 25 F-l 5SG fighter aircraft
\ are fitted with the Raytheon AN/
| ing RACR into their F-16 gives
them a level of commonality
with some unique advantages,”
noted one Raytheon official. ■
ihs.com/janes
 . . . . . . ■ : ' . . .

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» THE AMERICAS
Army to seek
new medium
truck family
The US Army is considering
buying a new group of medium
tactical vehicles in about 10
years and would seek additional
commonality in the fleet.
The legacy Family of Medium
Tactical Vehicles (FMTV) trucks are
still being purchased and this year
a limited number of Family of Heavy
Tactical Vehicles (FHTV) trucks are
to be ordered as well, but “around
2025" the army hopes to buy a new
medium truck, according to Kevin
Fahey, Program Executive Officer for
Combat Support and Combat Service
Support (CS CSS).
Fahey said the CS CSS office
was working with army sustainment
centres and others to formulate a
programme strategy, but noted that
it would likely follow the Joint Light
Tactical Vehicle (JLTV) project in keep­
ing requirements unspecific in order to
see what industry can provide. Then,
in the mid-2020s, when the army
knows what can be done technologi­
cally and how much it would cost,
the service would build, test, and buy
new medium trucks.
Daniel Wasserbly JDW Americas
Editor, Huntsville, Alabama
Colombian Kfir lost in training accident
An Israel Aircraft Industries
(IAI) Kfir TC.12 fighter and
operational jet trainer aircraft
of the Colombian Air Force
(Fuerza Aerea Colombiana -
FAC) crashed during a training
exercise on 18 February,
national media reported.
The twin-seat Kfir was said
to be ‘performing manoeuvres’
when the incident happened
over the Norcasia municipality in |
central Colombia. One of the two 2
crew members ejected safely, but 5
the second was killed. 'i
10 j Jane’s Defence Weekly 26 February 2014
New watercraft
topping US
army’s priorities
DANIEL WASSERBLY JDW Americas Editor____________________________
HUNTSVILLE, ALABAMA
Watercraft have emerged
as one of the highest priori­
ties in the US Army’s tactical
wheeled vehicles portfolio,
according to the service’s
head truck buyer.
“Probably the one part of my
portfolio that is crying out for
help is watercraft,” Kevin Fahey,
Program Executive Officer for
Combat Support and Combat
Service Support (CS CSS), told
reporters during a 19 February
briefing at an Association of the
United States Army (AUSA) sym­
posium in Huntsville, Alabama.
He said other programmes
under his purview were fair­
ing relatively well since they
received healthy funding over
the past decade of land wars, but
Joint Logistics-Over-the-Shore
(JLOTS) platforms have seen far
less attention.
Now, however, followingthe
This incident represents the
third FAC Kfir to be lost since
2010 (a fourth was severely dam­
aged after sliding off the runway
while attempting to land in
heavy rain in 2009). Prior to this
For further insight and analysis go to ihs.com/janes
• The US Army is likely to seek
a Manoeuvre Support Vessel-
Light (MSV-L) platform
• MSV-L requirements have
been drafted and the
documents are in staffing
White House’s strategic guidance
to ‘rebalance’ towards the Asia-
Pacific region, where vast spaces
are separated by water, the army
is revisiting its JLOTS capabilities
and is likely to seek a Manoeuvre
Support Vessel - Light (MSV-L)
platform soon.
Fahey said the army has
drafted requirements and those
documents are in staffing.
Meanwhile, US Army Train­
ing and Doctrine Command is
working with CS CSS to finalise
an “analysis of alternatives” for
how ageing landing craft might
be replaced.
latest incident the FAC’s front­
line fighter fleet was composed
of 19 single-seat Kfir C. 10/12s
and three twin-seat TC. 12s for
conversion training.
Speaking at the IQPC Inter-
A drag chute deploys
from a Colombian
Air Force Kfir upon
landing during Red
Flag 2012 at Nellis Air
Force Base in Nevada.
A Colombian twin-seat
Kfir was lost to a
training accident on
18 February.
Once that analysis is done,
sometime in mid-2014, the army
could then open up an MSV-L
programme to compete for fund­
ing. “That’s probably the number
two priority,” behind the Joint
Light Tactical Vehicle (JLTV)
programme, for army transporta­
tion, Fahey said.
He added that the chief of
transportation at the army’s
Sustainment Centre of Excel­
lence is looking specifically at
manoeuvre requirements in the
Pacific when formulating a pos­
sible MSV-L effort.
According to CS CSS, army
landing craft include the Logis­
tics Support Vessel (LSV), Land­
ing Craft Utility (LCU) 2000,
and Landing Craft Mechanized
(LCM) 8 MOD I and MOD II; the
LCMs are commonly referred to
as Mike Boats.
These vessels are meant to
enable sea-basing and supply
delivery in the littorals; they
provide “inter/intra-theatre lift
of personnel and material in
support of joint and army ground
forces, delivering cargo from
advanced bases and deep draft
strategic sealift ships to harbours,
inland waterways, remote under­
developed coastlines and unim­
proved beaches and degraded/
denied ports”, CS CSS explained
in a factsheet. ■
national Fighter Conference in
London last November, Briga­
dier General Carlos Bueno, Air
Operations Commander, FAC,
said that the air force is looking
to procure a new fighter “over
the next three to four years” to
augment the upgraded Kfirs and
to enhance its top-end air combat
capabilities. According to Gen
Bueno, the Lockheed Martin
F-16 Fighting Falcon, Sukhoi
Su-30 ‘Flanker’, Dassault Rafale,
Dassault Mirage 2000, Saab JAS
39 Gripen, “and some more” are
all being considered.
Gareth Jennings Jane's
Aviation Desk Editor, London
ihs.com/janes
For further insight and analysis go to ihs.com/janes
OIW wins out in
Combatant Craft
Medium competition
RICHARD SCOTT Jane's Naval Consultant
LONDON
Oregon Iron Works (OIW) has
been selected to deliver the
US Special Operations Com­
mand’s (USSOCOM’s) Com­
batant Craft Medium (CCM)
Mk 1 special operations craft
programme.
The downselection follows a
competitive evaluation of vessel
prototypes built by OIW and
United States Marine Inc (USMI).
Intended as a replacement for
the Mk V Special Operations Craft
and the Naval Special Warfare
Rigid Inflatable Boat, the CCM
Mk 1 programme is intended to
field what USSOCOM describes
Budget cuts prompt CAF to innovate
Faced with fiscal challenges
that will require the Canadian
Armed Forces (CAF) to do
more with less, they are taking
steps to become more effi­
cient, the country’s top military
official said on 13 February.
General Tom Lawson,
Canada’s chief of defence, deliv­
ered his remarks at the Centre
for International Governance
Innovation a day after the Cana­
dian government’s announce­
ment that it would be cutting
projected defence outlays by
CAD3.1 billion (USD2.8 billion)
ihs.com/janes
as “a modern, clandestine, agile,
adaptive, technically relevant,
reliable, and operationally capable
combatant craft system”.
Designed to be C-17 transport­
able, the CCM Mk 1 will carry
a four-man crew and 14-19
passengers. USSOCOM has a
requirement for 30 craft under
an indefinite-delivery/indefinite-
quantity contract potentially
worth up to USD400 million
through to the end of 2021.
The CCM Mk 1 has been
conceived as a multirole craft,
with its primary mission being to
insert and extract special forces
In 2013 Oregon Iron
Works (OIW) delivered its
Combatant Craft Medium
(CCM) Mk 1 prototype for
government evaluation.
OIW's design has now been
selected ahead of a rival
CCM Mk 1 design bid by
United States Marine Inc.
over the coming four years. The
current fiscal situation in Can­
ada is challenging for everyone
and the CAF are no exception,
said the general.
“We have to do our job with
fewer resources and we have to
do this while meeting Canadian
expectations,” said Gen Lawson.
“When Canadians across the
country are tightening their belts,
we owe them the best defence
value for their dollars. At the same
time our tasks are not getting any
easier. The CAF operate in really
complex, often unpredictable,
THE AMERICAS «
personnel in a low- to medium-
threat environment. Other core
special operations tasks to be
undertaken by the new craft
include: direct action; special
reconnaissance; counterterror­
ism; foreign internal defence;
unconventional warfare;
preparation of the operational
environment; activities to coun­
ter narco-terrorism; personnel
recovery; and visit, board, search,
and seizure.
In September 2011 OIW and
USMI were both awarded Phase II
contracts, valued at USD7 million
apiece, by USSOCOM to build
prototypes for competitive evalu­
ation. Craft were delivered in May
2013 for government testing.
In its contract award notice,
USSOCOM said that the final
downselection decision in favour
of OIW was made after testing and
evaluating the two prototypes and
considering final proposal revi­
sions. Initial funding of USD 17.5
million has been obligated for pro­
totype refurbishment, to support
the purchase of long lead items
and for low-rate initial production.
The CCM Mk 1 is planned to
achieve an Initial Operational
Capability in the fourth quarter
of fiscal year 2015 (FY15). Full
Operational Capability is expected
in the third quarter of FY20. ■
and often volatile environments
at home and abroad.”
Gen Lawson said he would have
been delighted to see no stated
reductions in the defence budget,
but the coming cuts will be from
money earmarked for the pur­
chase of equipment and will result
in those procurements being
“pushed down-lane a little way”.
“You would be right to think
we are now working on a budget
that is less than it was in the peak
years of Afghanistan, but I think
that puts us in the same ballpark
as 27 of our 28 allies in NATO,”
26 February 2014 Jane's Defence Weekly | 11
Brazil confirms
UAS trials for
Blue Amazon
The Brazilian Navy announced in
mid-February that it undertook
trials of the Israel Aerospace
Industries (IAI) Heron unmanned
aerial vehicle (UAV) during
November 2013 to study its
potential suitability for the
navy’s Blue Amazon Manage­
ment and Surveillance System
(SisGAAz).
With support from IAI, the trials
were performed by an IAI Heron
owned by the Brazilian Federal
Police from the Sao Pedro da Aldeia
Naval Airbase on 4-14 November.
SisGAAz will employ medium-
altitude long-endurance UAVs to con­
duct maritime surveillance, search
and rescue, maritime traffic control,
and reconnaissance missions. The
exact number of UAVs to be procured
has yet to be defined, but IHS Jane’s
understands it will be substantial as
the SisGAAz programme, worth an
estimated USD5.8 billion, is intended
to provide surveillance and maritime
traffic management over 14.4 million
km2 of Brazil’s exclusive economic
zone (EEZ) and area of responsibility.
Inigo Guevara JDW
Correspondent, Mexico City
he added. “That is why we have
to learn to provide as much
readiness as we can for a slightly
reduced resource envelope.”
Gen Lawson said he sees the fis­
cal challenge as an opportunity for
the CAF to grow stronger and look
for opportunities to innovate.
“It is a chance for us to adapt,
re-allocate, to transform, to focus
and allow the CAF to become
even more efficient while deliv­
ering success in every operation
along the way,” he said. “More
than ever we need to prioritise,
to ensure we are using resources
in the best possible way.”
Geoff Fein Jane’s C4ISR
Senior Reporter, Washington, DC
» EUROPE
UK abandons
strategic cyber
defence project
A strategic cyber warfare project
to protect “sensitive information
and communications” has been
cancelled by the UK Ministry of
Defence (MoD) after it concluded
that work had not progressed
enough to meet required perfor­
mance levels.
Details of the problems with
Project Cipher were revealed by the
UK National Audit Office (NAO) in its
annual Major Projects Report on the
MoD’s headline procurement efforts.
It emerged that the programme costs
of the stalled project’s assessment
phase alone had risen to GBP66 mil­
lion (USD110 million) last year: some
GBP47 million above the original
projected GBP19 million cost.
The project was expected to be
worth more than GBP400 million
and affect every aspect of the MoD’s
operations.
Speaking to IHS Jane's on 14
January an MoD spokesperson
stated: “We fully scrutinise complex
programmes to ensure they have the
potential to meet our needs. After
thorough assessment, it was decided
that Cipher would not meet the full
defence capability required or offer
long-term value for the taxpayer
and so the programme will not be
taken forward,”
Tim Ripley
JDW Correspondent, London
First French AWACS aircraft passes through MLU
The first of four French Air
Force Boeing E-3F Airborne
Warning and Control System
(AWACS) aircraft has passed
through its mid-life upgrade
(MLU), with the remainder set
to follow by the end of 2016,
the company announced on
17 February.
Boeing and Air France Indus­
12 j Jane’s Defence Weekly 26 February 2014
Russian naval pilot training
facility nears completion
SEAN O’CONNOR Jane's Imagery Analyst
INDIANAPOLIS
Russia is making solid prog­
ress on the construction of
its new naval aviation training
facility at Yeysk Airbase in the
country’s Southern Military
District, satellite imagery
analysis reveals.
Work on creating the new
carrier-based naval aviation train­
ing complex at Yeysk is scheduled
to be completed in 2015.
During the Soviet era naval
fast-jet training for the Sukhoi
Satellite imagery dated 5 January 2014 depicts upgrades at Yeysk Airbase as it
prepares to assume Russian carrier-based aviation training duties.
© CNES 2014. Distribution Astrium Services / SDOt Imaae S.A. / IHS: 1525894
tries KLM Engineering & Mainte­
nance have upgraded the aircraft’s
mission hardware and electrical,
mechanical, and structural sys­
tems in a process that took eight
months. The first MLU-upgraded
E-3F will now undergo ground
and flight tests before being
delivered to the French Air Force
later in 2014.
For further insight and analysis go to ihs.com/janes
menced on carrier-based aviation
training infrastructure, posi­
tioned south of a new runway
Su-33 ‘Flanker-D’ and Su-25UTG extension on the western end of
‘Frogfoot-B’ occurred at the the existing airstrip.
Nazemniy Ispitatelno-Trye- Satellite imagery provided by
nirovochniy Kompleks Aviatsii Airbus Defence and Space illus­
(NITKA) facility, located in what trates the scope of continuing
is now Ukraine. Training at the work at Yeysk Airbase. Captured
facility continued after the divi­ on 5 January 2014, high-reso-
sion of the Soviet Union, with the lution imagery depicts carrier-
developments at Yeysk part of related infrastructure in various
Russia’s current plans to reduce its states of completion.
reliance on facilities and products Carrier-related infrastructure
built outside its borders. at Yeysk mirrors that found at
In 2012 construction com- the Ukrainian NITKA complex. A
single ski-jump take-off ramp lies
south of the main runway, adja­
cent to a new parking apron and
new operations infrastructure,
including a control tower. Built
into the new runway extension is
an arrested landing strip, which
in conjunction with the ski-jump
ramp will be used to train Rus­
sian Navy pilots in short take-off
but arrested landing operations.
In addition, preliminary
ground preparation northeast of
the eastern parking apron indi­
cates the intention to construct
up to 25 hardened aircraft shel­
ters (HASs). The incorporation of
HASs at Yeysk suggests a possible
basing option for Russia’s MiG-
29Kunit.H
The USD354 million MLU enhanced primary AWACS dis­
will equip the 707-derived air­ play; an improved identification
frames with new sensors - friend-or-foe (IFF) system; better
following on from updates to combat identification capabili­
the communications, mission ties; the Link 16 datalink; and an
computers, and displays - and increase in the number of mis­
is a mix of work done to the sion consoles from 10 to 14.
NATO and US Air Force Block Gareth Jennings
40/45 aircraft. Jane’s Aviation Desk Editor,
Improvements include an London
ihs.com/janes
For further insight and analysis go to ihs.com/janes
Benelux nations eye
integrated air force
BROOKS TIGNER JDW NATO & EU Affairs Correspondent_________________
BRUSSELS
The three ‘Benelux’ countries
of Belgium, Luxembourg,
and the Netherlands aim to
push their military air forces
far closer together, with the
commander of the Royal
Netherlands Air Force (RNLAF)
calling for a “fully integrated”
Benelux air component within
a decade.
“We do not have the time to
wait for a top-down approach
from the 28 [EU nations as a
whole] for co-operative initia­
tives or replacing our fight­
ers, helicopters and transport
aircraft,” said Lieutenant General
Alexander Schnitger, commander
of the RNLAF.
“Benelux is a test laboratory
for defence co-operation in
Europe. Our air forces have taken
important steps and more will be
taken in the future. My inten­
tion is to create a truly integrated
Benelux air component over the
next 10 years.”
Gen Schnitger and his Benelux
counterpart, Lieutenant General
Claude Van de Voorde, Belgian
Air Component Commander,
addressed a closed gathering of
military and government officials
in Brussels on 13 February,
attended by IHS Jane’s.
To exemplify their intentions,
the two generals pointed to a
letter of intent (Lol) signed in
October 2013 by the Belgian
and Dutch defence ministries
to combine the two countries’
air policing functions. Gen Van
de Voorde said: “We are in legal
The Benelux nations are looking to create a fully integrated air component by
the end of the decade.
EUROPE «
negotiations at the highest politi­
cal level to come up with a treaty
to cover things such as political
»In brief
control of the air assets, common
RoE [rules of engagement] and
Typhoon to fly with AESA radar
A Typhoon aircraft fitted with an
other sovereignty issues.” active electronically scanned-array
The policing Lol is only the (AESA) radar will make its first flight
latest in a series of moves to later this year, BAE Systems has
bring the two countries’ military told IHS Jane’s. Work has been
establishments closer together. under way for some time to install
Belgium and the Netherlands a prototype Captor-E AESA radar
have already integrated their on to Instrumented Production
naval commands and share the Aircraft (IPA) 5.
training of naval personnel.
Regarding where their air force Polish Navy selects Hugin AUV
co-operation may be headed, Gen Kongsberg Maritime has been
Schnitger said: “We are looking awarded a contract to supply its
at integration of our air force Hugin 1000-MR autonomous under­
survival schools, helicopter com­ water vehicle (AUV) to support mine
mands and air transport units.” countermeasure operations by the
Gen Van de Voorde noted, Polish Navy's new class of minehunt-
however, that Belgium will main­ ing vessels, the company announced
tain certain core capabilities. ■ on 14 February. Kongsberg will
supply one AUV, as well as the HiPAP
ultra-short baseline underwater com­
munications and positioning system.
Russia delays MALE UAV tests
The Russian Army is to delay its
operational assessment of the Adcom
| Systems Yabhon United 40 Block
l 5 medium-altitude long-endurance
I (MALE) unmanned aerial vehicle
I (UAV), Russian state media disclosed
! on 10 February. “All existing agree-
1 ments will remain in force, but the
Russian side has requested a delay
in testing,” Tatyana Kirova of Adcom
Systems was quoted as saying.

Russia to set up new Arctic command
Russia is to establish a new
Arctic Strategic Command -
the Northern Fleet-Joint
Strategic Command (NF-JSF)
- by the end of 2014 with the
same status as its four cur­
rent military districts (MDs),
according to local media
reports on 17 February.
The grouping will be report­
edly commanded by Northern
Fleet Commander Admiral Vladi­
mir Korolev, who will report
directly to the General Staff and
Defence Minister Sergei Shoigu,
according to unnamed sources
quoted by state media agencies.
Its mission will be to protect
Russia’s territorial integrity and
strategic interests in the Arctic
and Far North.
The move follows President
Vladimir Putin’s declaration
on 10 December 2013 that
“by 2015 there must be estab­
lished a group of forces for the
military security and protection
of the national interests in the
Arctic”.
The NF-JSF’s combat strength
will consist of the Northern
Fleet, Arctic Brigades and other
units from Russia’s Western Mili­
tary District (WMD), air force,
and air defence forces. It will also
be an “inter-agency” formation
incorporating Federal Security
Service (FSB) border troops and
other assets.
The NF-JSF is to be operational
by the end of the year. Snap
test exercises may be expected
shortly thereafter.
Bruce Jones
JDW Correspondent, London
French defence chief takes office
General Pierre de Villiers officially
took office as France’s new joint chief
of staff on 15 February. Gen De Vil­
liers replaces Admiral Edouard Guil-
laud, for whom he served as deputy
chief of staff since March 2010.
Thales wins French IFF upgrade
DCNS has selected Thales to
upgrade the IFF systems on the
French Navy’s two Horizon-class
destroyers and the nuclear-powered
aircraft carrier Charles de Gaulle to
NATO IFF Mode 5/Mode S standard.
The new IFF systems are drawn from
Thales’ BlueGate IFF product family.

ihs.com/janes 26 February 2014 Jane's Defence Weekly | 13

 SOFEX JORDAN

NETWORKING
0R GLOBAL

SECURITY

THE 10™
SPECIAL OPERATIONS FORCES
EXHIBITION Er CONFERENCE
5™-8™ MAY
2014

Jordan Armed Joint Special ^)Ufi

Forces Operations Command
For further insight and analysis go to ihs.com/janes
Japan, ASEAN
sign equipment
collaboration
agreement
Senior defence officials from
Japan and the Association of
Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
agreed on 18 February to explore
collaboration in defence equip­
ment and technologies designed
to enhance maritime security and
disaster relief capabilities.
The decision is further evidence of
Japan's increasing willingness to test
the possibilities of exporting military
equipment despite the long-standing
and self-imposed ban on interna­
tional sales. It is also strategically
significant given China’s increasing
assertiveness in Southeast Asian
maritime domains.
The Japanese Ministry of Defence
said in a statement that the decision
relates only to what it described as
“equipment and technical co-oper­
ation in the non-traditional security
field”, adding that a particular focus of
the arrangement would be maritime-
based systems designed to boost
capabilities in providing humanitarian
assistance and disaster relief.
Jon Grevatt Jane’s Asia-Pacific
Industry Analyst, Bangkok
Interim budget spells trouble for India
India’s defence allocation of
INR2240 billion (USD36.15
billion) for fiscal year 2014/15
(FY 2014/15) increased by 10%
over the previous year’s outlay
in the interim budget presented
to parliament on 17 February,
although the final budget will
not be confirmed until after
general elections in May.
However, even this marginal
hike was, in effect, an overall
decrease in real terms due to
the sharp fall in the value of the
rupee against the dollar, spiralling
inflation and a mounting financial
ihs.com/janes
Abductions put strain on
Pakistani-lranian relations
FARHAN BQKHARI JDW Correspondent
ISLAMABAD
Relations between Pakistan
and Iran sunk to a rare low on
17 February when Iran’s interior
minister, Abdol Reza Rahmani-
Fazi, threatened to send troops
across the border into Paki­
stan to recover five kidnapped
Iranian border guards.
The guards were abducted
on 6 February from the Iranian
province of Baluchistan-Sistan,
which adjoins the Pakistani bor­
der, with Iranian officials saying
the kidnappers were hardline
Sunni muslim militants who
had taken the guards across the
border to Pakistan.
On 18 February Pakistan’s
foreign ministry expressed “seri­
ous concern” over the Iranian
minister’s statement and said
the country’s security forces
had “combed the entire region
but could not verify the entry or
presence of these Iranian border
guards on its territory”. The
ministry added that it was pos-
deficit. Further to this, the token
10% increase in defence spending
will be consumed by the increase
in the armed forces’ wage and pen­
sion bills and operational costs.
Presenting the provisional
budget, Finance Minister P Chid­
ambaram provided just 1.74% of
India’s GDP to defence spending:
the lowest allocation in several
decades. Military officials say
this seriously imperils India’s
long-delayed military modernisa­
tion, which is dependent largely
on imported materiel; more than
70% of the country’s defence
ASIA PACIFIC «
• The kidnapping of five Iranian
border guards has heightened
tensions between Tehran
and Islamabad, with Iran
threatening to send troops
into Pakistan to retrieve them
• Jaish al-Adl, a militant
Sunni muslim group, is
said to be responsible for
the abductions. It wants to
exchange the border guards
for 300 Sunni muslim men
held in Iran and Syria
sible the kidnappers, along with
the five guards, were still hiding
inside Iranian territory.
On 14 February the Middle
East-based Al-Arabiya TV channel
broadcast a message from an indi­
vidual described by the network
as Sergeant Jamshyd Danaifard,
one of the kidnapped guards,
who said the five men were “safe
and sound”. In the message Sgt
Danaifard said that Jaish al-Adl,
a militant Sunni muslim group
equipment is sourced from
abroad. “The upcoming fiscal
year [beginning on 1 April] will
be a modernisation holiday for
the Indian military unless the
incoming government allocates
additional monies,” said one
three-star army officer.
Although the capital budget
for equipment procurement and
modernisation has increased by
INR28.47 billion to INR895.88
billion - up 3.2% over FY 2013
- a large proportion of this is
already committed to previ­
ous purchases, leaving little for
26 February 2014 Jane's Defence Weekly | 15
holding the men, wanted them
exchanged for 300 Sunni muslim
men held in Iran and Syria, which
is a close ally of Iran.
In October 2013 14 Iranian
border guards were killed and
three others kidnapped near the
Pakistani border, with Iranian
officials stating at the time that
unnamed ‘bandits’ were respon­
sible. After that event Iranian
judges ordered the execution
of 16 men described by Iranian
officials as terrorists.
Pakistani officials have histori­
cally described the border with
Iran as relatively stable compared
to the country’s more volatile
frontiers with Afghanistan and
India. However, the majority
of Iran’s population are Shia
muslims, while the majority of
Pakistanis are Sunni muslims.
Rivalry between followers of the
two sects has caused bitter divi­
sions between and among many
countries, including Pakistan. ■
& Go to ihs.com/ianes
for more
badly needed equipment. This
includes 126 Dassault Rafale
fighters, 22 Boeing Apache AH -
64E Longbow attack helicop­
ters, 15 Boeing Chinook CH-47
heavy lift helicopters, and six
Airbus Military A3 30 aerial
refuelling tankers.
Also postponed, among other
equipment, is the acquisition of
197 light utility helicopters, 145
BAE Systems M777 towed 155
mm/39-calibre lightweight how­
itzers, 44,618 5.56 mm close
quarter battle carbines, 66,000
assault rifles, and 33.6 million
rounds of ammunition.
Rahul Bedi JDW
Correspondent, New Delhi
» ASIA PACIFIC
Killings push
Sharif closer
to anti-Taliban
offensive
The Pakistani government of
Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif
broke off peace talks with
Taliban representatives on
17 February in a setback that
brings the country closer to an
all-out conflict with the militant
movement.
The decision by Sharif to cancel a
planned round of talks was prompted
by a Taliban claim that 23 Pakistan
Army soldiers kidnapped in 2010 had
been killed,
Umar Kharasani, head of the
Taliban in Mohmand agency - one of
the lawless regions along the Afghan
border - said in a video message
sent to Pakistan's TV channels:
“The killing of FC [Frontier Corps]
personnel is the revenge for the blood
of our associates. We want to make
it clear to the government that we
know very well how to avenge the
killings of our members.” The FC,
which is deployed in the northern
Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa province along
the Afghan border, is staffed by the
Pakistan Army.
“Pakistan cannot afford such
bloodshed. The situation is very sad
and the whole nation is shocked,”
said Sharif in a statement.
Western diplomats in Islamabad
warned that this latest setback brings
Sharif closer to overseeing an all-out
military campaign targeting Taliban
sanctuaries in the North Waziristan
region along the Afghan border.
“The Pakistan Army is increas­
ingly running out of appetite for
discussing peace while its people
are butchered by the Taliban,” one
Western official told IHS Jane's. The
army’s influence in Pakistani politics
is significant, given that it has ruled
the country for half its life as an
independent state.
Farhan Bokhari JDW
Correspondent, Islamabad
16 | Jane’s Defence Weekly 26 February 2014
Riyadh requests
Pakistani troops
FARHAN BOKHARI JDW Correspondent________________________________
ISLAMABAD
Saudi Arabia’s crown prince,
Salman bin Abdul Aziz al-
Saud, conveyed a request for
Pakistan to despatch troops
to the kingdom during an
official visit to Islamabad in
mid-February.
The request came as the two
countries concluded wider agree­
ments on economic and defence
co-operation, according to senior
Pakistani officials.
“We are not looking at one or
two battalions; we are looking at
more, with the main objective of
training Saudi troops,” a senior
Pakistani official told IHS Jane’s
on 17 February. He added that
the Pakistani troops in the first
instance would “assist Saudi Ara­
bia’s forces on the border with
Roof collapse damages
Japanese, US Orions
The Japanese Ministry of
Defence (MoD) announced
on 15 February that six Japan
Maritime Self-Defence Force
(JMSDF) aircraft as well as
four US Navy P-3C aircraft
were damaged when record-
level snowfall collapsed the
roof of a maintenance hangar
in Kanagawa Prefecture
adjoining Tokyo. The incident
happened at around 05.00
(local time) on 15 February.
An MoD official confirmed to
IHS Jane’s on 17 February that
the damaged aircraft were three
Kawasaki (Lockheed) P-3C Orion
maritime patrol aircraft (MPAs),
one Kawasaki OP-3C reconnais­
sance aircraft, one Kawasaki EP-3
For further insight and analysis go to ihs.com/janes
• Saudi Arabia has requested
troops from Pakistan,
according to senior Pakistani
officials
• The troops would be used
to train Saudi troops and to
assist Saudi forces on the
kingdom’s border with Yemen
Yemen”, where the kingdom
faces the threat of a growing
Al-Qaeda-led insurgency in its
southern neighbour.
Other Pakistani officials,
however, said that Pakistan had
told the Saudis that Islamabad
would not deploy its troops near
the Persian Gulf region, mainly
to avoid antagonising Iran.
“Historically, Pakistan has always
electronic intelligence (ELINT)
aircraft, one Kawasaki UP-3D
ELINT training aircraft and four
US Navy P-3C MPAs. The aircraft
were all undergoing periodic
maintenance checks and repairs
at NIPPI Corporation’s aircraft
maintenance facility in Yamato
City, Kanagawa, when the roof
collapse occurred. The mainte­
nance facility adjoins Naval Air
Facility Atsugi, which is used by
both the US Navy and the JMSDF.
NIPPI Corporation is a wholly
owned subsidiary of Kawasaki
Heavy Industries (KHI).
The MoD official said that no
one was injured by the incident
and that the specific damage to
the aircraft remains unknown,
avoided any confrontation with
Iran, which is a very important
neighbour. While we want our
relations with Saudi Arabia to
flourish, Pakistan will never
take steps that may provoke new
tensions with Iran,” said a second
senior Pakistani official, who
spoke to IHS Jane’s from the west­
ern city of Quetta: the capital
of Baluchistan province, which
borders Iran.
IHS Jane’s has previously
reported that Pakistan and Saudi
Arabia have also discussed plans
for Islamabad to sell an unspeci­
fied number of its Al-Khalid main
battle tanks and Sino-Pakistani-
produced JF-17 'Thunder’ fight­
ers to Riyadh.
Prince Salman also secured
Pakistan’s support on 17 Febru­
ary to push for a ‘transitional
governing body’ in Syria to
replace Syrian President Bashar-
al-Assad’s embattled regime.
However, a Western diplomat
based in Islamabad told IHS Jane’s
that Islamabad’s support for such
a plan “could be seen by the Irani­
ans as a provocative act”. ■
but aerial images of the site
clearly show a number of tail fins
prodruding through the collapsed
hangar roof.
Kosuke Takahashi
JDW Correspondent, Tokyo
ihs.com/janes
For further insight and analysis go to ihs.com/janes
Commander replacement splits
Syria’s moderate insurgents
CHARLES LISTER JDW Correspondent
DOHA
In a potentially significant
setback for the Syrian insur­
gency, the country’s moderate
armed opposition has split in
two after Salim Idris rejected
his dismissal as the chief of
staff of the Supreme Military
Council (SMC) of the Free Syr­
ian Army (FSA).
Idris’ replacement by Abd-al-
Ilah al-Bashir al-Nuaimi, the cur­
rent leader of the military council
in the southwestern province of
Al-Qunaytrah, was announced in
a 16 February statement signed
by 22 SMC members.
Bashir’s appointment appears
to reflect a wider effort to
reinvigorate the SMC after the
collapse of peace talks in Geneva
last week. There have been
reports that Saudi Arabia will
increase weapon supplies from
Jordan to groups operating in
southern Syria, while the United
States is increasing financial sup­
port for the insurgency.
The appointment of Haitham
Afeesi as Bashir’s deputy was also
seen as a reflection of growing
Saudi influence over the SMC.
Smerch rockets used in Syria
The Syrian military has
used 300 mm rockets that
are normally fired from the
9K58 Smerch multiple rocket
launcher: a system that Syria
was not previously known to
have acquired.
Human Rights Watch (HRW)
released a statement on 18
February saying that two 9M55K
Smerch rockets with cluster
munition warheads had been
ihs.com/janes
• Salim Idris has rejected his
dismissal as the leader of
Syria’s moderate insurgents
• He is supported by the
commander of the Southern
Front, which was expected
to receive new arms supplies
from Jordan
Along with Jamal Marrouf,
Afeesi co-founded the Syrian
Revolutionaries Front (SRF): a
Saudi Arabia-backed alliance that
launched an offensive against the
extremist Islamic State in Iraq
and the Levant (ISIL) in January.
Saudi Arabia has enjoyed con­
siderable influence in shaping the
moderate opposition since the
appointment of Ahmad Jarba in
July 2 013 as president of the Syr­
ian National Coalition (SNC): the
opposition’s overarching politi­
cal structure. Jarba has strong
links with Riyadh through his
senior role in the transnational
Shammar tribe. Accompanied by
Maarouf, he paid a very rare visit
to SRF positions in Idlib province
a day before Idris’ dismissal.
fired at Kafr Zayta (Keferzita),
north of Hama, on 12 and 13
February and published photo­
graphs provided by local activists
of an unexploded 9N235 high-
explosive fragmentation submu­
nition manufactured in 19 91.
“The rocket is the largest type
of cluster munition rocket to
be used in Syria and contains
submunitions that are more pow­
erful and deadly than other types
MIDDLE EAST/AFRICA «
Flanked by his supporters, Salim Idris sits at the head of the table in a video in
which he rejected the decision to sack him as SMC chief of staff.
SNC Minister of Defence
Assad Mustafa is another Saudi-
backed figure who reportedly
submitted his resignation on 13
February. However, in the wake
of Idris’ dismissal, the SNC has
confirmed that Mustafa will
remain in position.
Opposition to this growing
Saudi influence was exposed in the
SNC’s 19 January vote on whether
to attend the Geneva talks, which
was boycotted by many Qatari-
backed factions but approved with
the support of Saudi-backed lead­
ers, including Maarouf.
Any Saudi plans to send arms
into southern Syria may have to
be reassessed after the release of a
of submunitions,” HRW said.
The 9N235 weighs 1.75 kg
and 7 2 of them are carried by the
9N139 warhead used with Smerch
rockets. Each submunition has a
timing device that should cause it
to self-destruct two minutes after
it is ejected from the warhead.
While the 9N235 can also be
carried by 220 mm rockets fired
by the 9K57 Uragan system, HRW
noted that videos had been posted
26 February 2014 Jane’s Defence Weekly | 17
YouTube video on 19 February in
which Idris described his dismissal
as “invalid and illegitimate”.
Flanked by 12 provincial-level
SMC commanders, he said he and
his supporters had withdrawn
their recognition of the SNC.
One of the commanders was
Bashar al-Zoubi: the powerful
leader of the newly established
Southern Front, which brings
together 49 moderate insurgent
groups in Al-Qunaytrah, Al-
Suwayda, Daraa and Rif Dimashq
provinces. The Southern Front
was previously seen as a likely
recipient of new Saudi-financed
weapon shipments coming in
from northern Jordan. ■
on YouTube by Syrian activists
showing the remnants of the
9M5 5K Smerch rockets that had
purportedly landed in Kafr Zayta.
The Russian Smerch mul­
tiple rocket launcher has been
exported to several countries,
but it was not previously
believed to be in service with
the Syrian military, which uses
indigenous or Iranian-designed
240 mm and 333 mm multiple
rocket launchers.
Jeremy Binnie JDW Middle
East/Africa Editor, London
 » MIDDLE EAST/AFRICA ihs.com/janes
Egyptian-Russian arms
deal in the pipeline
JEREMY BINNIE JDW Middle East/Africa Editor
LONDON
Visit us at FIDAE 2014, Stand-No.: E-17
Egypt and Russia look set to strengthen
their defence ties in the wake of a visit by
Egyptian leader Field Marshal Abdel Fat-
tah el-Sisi to Moscow, but the details of
the arms deals that are reportedly being
negotiated remain vague.
The official statement released by the
Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs after
the 12-13 February visit said Field Marshal
Sisi and Foreign Minister Nabil Fahmi had
held talks with Russia’s defence and foreign
ministers. “They decided to speed up the
preparatory work on the intergovernmental
agreements on military and military-techni-
cal co-operation,” it said, without provide any
more details of this co-operation.
The Russian newspaper Vedomosti cited
defence sources as saying that an initial
agreement had been reached covering the
delivery of arms and equipment worth USD 3
billion, including RCA MiG MiG-29M/M2
fighters, air defence systems, Mil Mi-3 5
helicopters, coastal anti-ship missiles, light
weapons, and ammunition.
A retired Egyptian general told Voice of
Russia radio the deal included 24 MiG-29
fighters, Tor-Ml short-range air defence
systems, more Mi-8/17 transport helicopters
and Kornet anti-tank guided missiles. He
added that Egypt had also requested S-300
long-range air defence systems, but doubted
the request would be approved.
In an interview with Russia-24 television,
Fahmi confirmed Egypt’s interest in Russian
air defence systems, but indicated that at
least some aspects of the negotiations had
Russian systems such as this Pechora-M2
already dominate Egypt's air defence inventory.
18 | Jane’s Defence Weekly 26 February 2014
• Egypt is finalising a major package of
Russian arms that includes new air-defence
systems
• The Egyptian government has played down
rumours that this will be financed by Saudi
Arabia and the United Arab Emirates
not been finalised. “Your air defence systems
have traditionally been strong since the
19 60s, but that is not necessarily the only
area we can co-operate in. We are also plan­
ning training sessions and servicing of other
equipment, all kinds of co-operation,” he
said. “If I mention a [value for the contracts]
in this interview, that sum could increase or
decrease in a few months’ time. The main
thing is not figures; the main thing is that
in responding to the question whether co­
operation will increase I say: yes.”
The Egyptian government played down
speculation that closer ties with Russia would
come at the expense of Cairo’s relationship
with the United States, which has suspended
its military aid to Egypt until the country
returns to democracy.
Interim Prime Minister Hazem el-Beblawi
sent a statement to Egypt’s Al-Ahram newspa­
per saying that “promoting ties with Russia
does not mean at all that Egypt will establish
a foreign relationship with one country at the
expense of another”.
Beblawi also tried to quash rumours that
the Gulf states that backed Egypt’s 3 July
2013 military coup would finance the Rus­
sian arms deal. Al-Ahram said he refused to
disclose how the prospective arms deal would
be financed, but denied that his recent visit to
Saudi Arabia had anything to do with it.
ihs.com/janes
ihs.com/janes MIDDLE EAST/AFRICA «
EU trainers to help Somalis
track weapons and ammo
BROOKS TIGNER JDW NATO & EU Affairs Correspondent
BRUSSELS
The EU’s Training Mission in Somalia
(EUTM Somalia) is advising the Somali
Ministry of Defence and military on how
to establish a system to track weaponry,
thereby reducing pressure to re-impose
the UN arms embargo on the country,
according to the Brigadier General Ger­
ald Aherne, who just completed his tour
of duty as the mission’s commander.
“One of the urgent things required is a
logistics accounting service and a registry for
weapons entering depots, so that when they
are re-assigned from central stores to a par­
ticular unit it is traced,” he told reporters in
Brussels on 19 February. “This has to be done
in Somalia, and EUTM has the capacity to
help the Somali authorities create accounting
systems that will move in that direction.”
In a 14-page confidential report leaked to
the press on 13 February, the UN Monitoring
Group on Somalia and Eritrea called for re-
imposing the arms embargo that was relaxed
in 2013 to allow the Federal Somali Govern­
ment to import light weapons for its forces.
Reuters quoted the report as saying there was
evidence of “high-level and systematic abuses
in weapons and ammunition management and
distribution” and that portions of shipments of
weapons such as assault rifles, rocket launchers,
Jordan to receive Cheetah
SPAAGs later this year
The Netherlands is planning to transfer
a first batch of surplus Cheetah self-
propelled anti-aircraft guns (SPAAGs) to
Jordan this summer, the Dutch Ministry
of Defence (MoD) announced on 17
February.
The Cheetah is the Dutch version of the
German Gepard SPAAG, which uses the chas­
sis of the Leopard 1 tank.
It was announced last year that 60 would
be transferred to Jordan. The EUR21 million
(USD29 million) deal also includes 350,000
35 mm shells for the Cheetah’s Oerlikon
ihs.com/janes
grenades and ammunition from Uganda and
Djibouti “could not be accounted for”.
Gen Aherne confirmed that the Monitoring
Group “has issued concerns about Somalia’s
weapons accountability”. He said it is “crucial
to help install” an arms and ammunition track­
ing system for Somali’s Ministry of Defence
because [the re-imposition of a full embargo]
is up for debate again on 6 March at the UN.”
Gen Aherne ended his 13-month command
of EUTM Somalia on 14 February, handing
over to Italian Brigadier General Massimo
Mingiardi. He debriefed EU ambassadors
and the EU Military Committee of national
defence chiefs about the situation in Somalia
prior to his press briefing.
So far the mission has trained 3,600 Somali
soldiers. For its present and third mandate,
which runs until March 2015, it plans to
train another 1,500 recruits. Gen Aherne said
it “will take a number of years to achieve”
the objective of creating a Somali National
Army (SNA) with a strength of 22,000, even
though the African Union Mission in Somalia
(AMISOM) and “a contractor engaged by a
country” are also training Somali troops.
Currently Italy and the United States pay KMW
stipends for 13,000 SNA and Ministry of KRAUSS-MAFFEI WEGMANN
Defence personnel each month.
The predator
among all MBTs
■ superior firepower
guns, 22 40 mm Bofors 40L70 towed air- ■ unique mobility
defence guns, 11 Thales Flycatcher radar
■ excellent protection
systems, five Leopard 1 armoured engineer­
ing vehicles, and 14 spare Leopard 1 chassis. ■ optimal command
The MoD also announced that four Jor­ and control
danian soldiers are currently being trained ■ unmatched reliability
as Cheetah trainers in the Netherlands. “In
seven weeks you can only learn the basics,
| www.kmweg.com |
but we make sure they leave with enough
knowledge,” it quoted one of the Dutch train­
ers as saying.
Jeremy Binnie
JDW Middle East/Africa Editor, London
26 February 2014 Jane’s Defence Weekly | 19
» BUSINESS
ST Eng says it will
not be affected by
Indian debarment
JON GREVATT Jane’s Asia-Pacific Industry Analyst
BANGKOK
A decision by the Indian
Ministry of Defence (MoD)
to extend a contract debar­
ment placed on Singapore
Technologies Kinetics (STK)
to the wider ST Engineering
(ST Eng) group will not affect
the company’s global defence
activities, a senior company
official has said.
The Indian government
revealed in a press release on
10 February that it has decided
to extend a 10-year debarment
order, announced in 2012, on six
companies accused of miscon­
duct in defence procurement
activities. One of these compa­
nies was ST Engineering’s land
systems unit, ST Kinetics (STK),
but the MoD decision effectively
debars the group’s other defence
business units from entering into
contracts in India.
The MoD press release noted
that its Defence Procurement
Procedure (DPP) 2013 contains
provisions “regarding debar­
ring of companies from enter­
ing into any supply contract
India does not present IPR problems, says Boeing
Boeing has said in a state­
ment to the United States
International Trade Commis­
sion (USITC) that it is confi­
dent in the ability of India to
protect the company’s intel­
lectual property rights (IPR).
In a USITC hearing into Indian
trade, investment and industrial
policies and their effect on the
20 | Jane’s Defence Weekly 26 February 2014
• ST Eng will not be affected
by India’s decision to extend
a contract debarment from
its Kinetics subsidiary to the
wider group, a senior ST Eng
official has said
• The comment follows
India’s decision to broaden
a 10-year debarment order
first announced in 2012 in
response to allegations of
‘irregularities’
with the government of India on
account of irregularities relating
to engagement of agents/agency
commission, breach of provisions
contained in the pre-contract
integrity pact”.
The press release went on
to state that six companies
were debarred from entering
such deals in 2012 and that in
“2013 the debarring order was
extended to all the allied/sub­
sidiary firms of each of the [six]
debarred firms”. The MoD gave
no explanation for the decision
and an MoD spokesman has
US economy, held in New Delhi
on 12-13 February, Boeing said
it had not experienced any IPR
violations in its aerospace and
defence activities within the
country. “In Boeing’s experience,
India has a legal framework that
is adequate to protect IPR with
no known cases of [intellectual
property] violation involving Boe­
For further insight and analysis go to ihs.com/janes
not been contactable to respond
to questions on the matter.
Speaking to IHS Jane's at the
Singapore Airshow, Patrick
Choy, ST Engineering’s execu­
tive vice-president of interna­
tional marketing, repeated the
company’s rejection of the MoD
allegations.
“We have categorically and
very clearly stated that this
company has not undertaken
any wrongdoing,” said Choy,
adding that ST Engineering has
“absolutely nothing to hide” and
is committed to clearing its name
in the Indian courts. This process
commenced in May 2012, but
has since become stalled in
India’s cumbersome and complex
legal system.
Choy went on to state that the
MoD decision to debar the whole
group from entering defence deals
in India has had no impact on
its continuing efforts to expand
in international markets. When
asked to comment on the recent
MoD announcement, Choy said:
“We have no defence contracts in
India. It’s not a market for us so
we haven’t lost anything.
“So until we resolve this we are
saying [that] India is too complex
a market for us and we would
rather not spend energy and time
and money. We are not desperate
for business; we have business
everywhere and on different
fronts. We can use our resources
more efficiently somewhere else,
[but] we are fighting the case
and we will continue to clear
ing’s activities in the defence and
aerospace sector,” the company
said in its USITC submission.
Boeing added that it has had a
“positive experience” in working
with Indian partners and suppli­
ers on IP protection.
“Additionally, in our experi­
ence, there have not been any
major patent violations in India
COMMENT
The MoD decision to extend the
debarment to “all allied/subsidi­
ary firms” of companies banned
from entering defence deals in
2012 has a potentially sig­
nificant impact on any company
accused of misconduct in the
Indian defence market.
Moreover, it is not clear on what
grounds the MoD decided to extend
the debarment, although the DPP
does not specifically call for such
action, only noting that “sanctions for
violation” of the pre-contract integrity
pact include a number of actions.
These sanctions mention only the
responsibility of the bidder and buyer
but are somewhat ambiguous in
scope. The sanctions include the
immediate cancellation of a contract,
the recovery of all sums paid by
the buyer, and the debarment of a
bidder from entering into any bid for
a minimum of five years, which the
DDP notes can be “extended at the
discretion of the buyer”.
our name.” In addition to STK,
other companies debarred by the
Indian MoD in 2012 comprise
Israel Military Industries, Rhein-
metall Air Defence in Switzer­
land, India-based TS Kisan and
Co, India-based RK Machine
Tools, and ‘Corporation Defence,
Russia’ (ambiguously named
and unexplained by the MoD).
All companies have consistently
denied any wrongdoing. ■
pertaining to Boeing’s defence/
aerospace products,” the com­
pany stated. “Boeing sells its
products to the government of
India (Gol) and private airlines
where our IPR is contractually
protected. We see minimal risk of
product IPR violations.”
Jon Grevatt Jane’s Asia-
Pacific Industry Analyst, Bangkok
ihs.com/janes
For further insight and analysis go to ihs.com/janes
Kalashnikov share registration
begins as new strategy launched
ALEXANDER ZUDIN JDW Correspondent
MOSCOW
Registration of the shares in
Russia’s nascent small-arms
holding, Kalashnikov Con­
cern, began on 18 February.
Half of the new stock issued
will be bought by Rostec, its
parent state holding, which will
maintain a controlling stake in
the arms maker once the deal is
complete. The other 49% will be
acquired by Transkomplekthold-
ing, co-owned by Kalashnikov’s
newly appointed general direc­
tor, Alexei Krivoruchko.
Transkomplektholding’s other
owner is Andrei Bokarev: presi­
dent and co-owner of Transmash-
holding and the Urals Mining and
Metals Company.
The share issue, which was
first announced in September
2013 and is to be completed by
March, will take place in two
stages, with an initial RUB3.6
billion (USD101.9 million) to be
raised, Rostec said. Of that sum,
RUB2.5 billion will come from
Krivoruchko and Bokarev within
two years, with RUB1.3 billion to
be invested at once. Rostec will
invest another RUB 1.2 billion
within two years.
Patria forced to look at redundancies
Finland’s Patria has entered
restructuring negotiations
with about 230 employees in
its Systems and Aerostruc-
tures units as it seeks to
adjust to plunging domestic
defence spending.
The talks, reported by the
state-funded Finnish Broad­
casting Company (YLE) on 18
February, are in their second
phase and affect 150 employees
ihs.com/janes
The decision to sell the 49%
stake to the two investors has
been approved by Russia’s Trade
and Industry Ministry and Presi­
dent Vladimir Putin, but is await­
ing final approval by the country’s
Anti-Monopoly Service.
The appointment of Kalash­
nikov’s new director and
shareholder, Krivoruchko, was
approved by Rostec’s board on 30
January, with Krivoruchko tak­
ing up the post the next day. He
formerly headed up the Aeroex-
press company, which provides
rail services to Moscow’s interna­
tional airports, and he remains a
member of that company’s board
as well as other entities including
Transmashholding.
Krivoruchko, who joined
Kalashnikov’s board last Septem­
ber, said on 7 February the share
issue marked the start of a major
rejuvenation of the company
with the aim of returning to
profitability in two years.
“After completing the forma­
tion of the Kalashnikov Concern,
we will start the development of
new types of firearms, including
military, civilian, and robot-
at Patria Systems and 80 at Patria
Aerostructures.
News that a restructure is
under way is unsurprising, as
the company warned in 2013 of
potential organisational changes
if domestic military spending
failed to pick up.
In its 2012 results, released in
March 2013, the company stated
that “any turmoil in the global
economy affects Patria with
Mikael Kalashnikov, the eponymous
designer of the AK series assault
rifle, died last year ahead of the
partial sale of the company that
bears his name.
controlled weapons based on
new technology,” he said. “Our
aim is to increase production
and increase our presence in
traditional markets and find
new ones.”
Krivoruchko said the cur­
rent situation in the company
was “serious”, with a turnover
last year of RUB2.2 billion and
losses of around RUB 1.7 billion.
Improving profitability, increas­
ing foreign exports and revamp­
ing and modernising its produc­
tion facilities would be among
its main priorities, he said. The
company plans to take on 500
delay, but the known reduction
of the domestic market military
spending and the ongoing reform
of the Finnish Defence Forces
will urge Patria to contemplate
possible realignment of its opera­
tions sometime in the future”.
With the Finnish Ministry
of Defence cutting its 2014
defence procurement budget
from EUR685 million (USD939
million) in 2013 to EUR470 mil­
26 February 2014 Jane's Defence Weekly | 21
BUSINESS «
production workers this year,
streamline management and
double production year-on-year
to 150,000 weapons. In order
to do so, productivity needs to
be massively increased, Kriv­
oruchko said, from the current
RUB500,000 per worker per year
to a global industry standard of
around RUB3 million.
India, he said, was the most
promising market for the com­
pany, with assembly of small
arms for local forces likely to
start this year. He also expressed
hope for the AK-12 assault rifle,
currently undergoing state tests
in Russia. The Russian Army,
however, has said in recent years
it has no requirement for a new
main assault rifle, as it holds mil­
lions of AK-7 4 weapons.
Rostec’s director, Sergei Che­
mezov, said: “Russia’s military
industry and in particular its
small-arms sector has huge
potential. In order to develop it
we need not only private invest­
ment, but world-class competent
managers. Krivoruchko has
experience of raising investment
and managing production, and is
commended as an effective crisis
manager.”
Chemezov cited Krivoruch­
ko’s stewardship of the Rostov
Civil Aviation Plant, which he
said had returned to profitability
in a year from the brink of bank­
ruptcy, as evidence of Krivoruch­
ko’s managerial qualities. ■
lion in 2 014, it appears Patria has
decided the time has come for an
organisational re-alignment to
adapt to lower expenditure.
Speaking to YLE, Aerostruc­
tures business director Petri
Hepola said the final number of
job losses was still unconfirmed.
“The question of how many
people will be affected by the
adjustment measures remains
open, but we are considering all
options,” he told YLE.
Matthew Smith Jane’s
Defence Industry Analyst, London
» BUSINESS
Human rights changes may
soften US view on defence
sales to Myanmar, Vietnam
JON GREVATT Jane's Asia-Pacific Industry Analyst
BANGKOK
The United States’ efforts to
expand security relationships
across the Asia-Pacific region
could lead to Washington
easing long-standing arms
embargoes on Myanmar and
Vietnam, Kenneth Handelman,
Deputy Assistant Secretary
of State for Defense Trade
Controls in the Bureau of
Political-Military Affairs, has
told IHS Jane’s.
At present, Handelman said,
military sales to both Myanmar
and Vietnam are unlikely but
could be possible in the future
should both countries move to
address issues such as human
rights concerns.
In 2013 the US and the EU
both eased trade and investment
restrictions on Myanmar in light
of its efforts towards politi­
cal reform. The EU’s military
embargo on Myanmar expires in
April 2014, but is expected to be
renewed for another year.
With regards to Vietnam,
the United States has eased
most trade restrictions on the
country while maintaining the
arms embargo. Diplomatic and
22 | Jane’s Defence Weekly 26 February 2014
• The United States may lift
arms embargoes against
Myanmar and Vietnam in
a bid to expand security
relationships across the Asia-
Pacific region
• However, military sales to
the countries are unlikely
until Myanmar and Vietnam
address human rights issues
security relations between the
countries are growing stronger
by the year, although Washing­
ton has said Hanoi’s human-
rights record needs to improve
before the military embargo can
be lifted.
In reference to both countries
Handelman stressed that US
policy would determine whether
military sales could proceed,
although he conceded that the
US strategy to expand its security
relations with countries in the
Asia-Pacific could play an impor­
tant part in the decision.
‘‘I would not expect the US
to be contemplating the sale of
the Joint Strike Fighter to those
countries, but it is in our inter­
For further insight and analysis go to ihs.com/janes
ests - and we hope it is in theirs’
- to expand our bilateral security
relationships,” said Handelman,
who was speaking on the side­
lines of the Singapore Airshow,
which ended on 16 February.
He added: “We are starting
down a long road with both
these countries. If Myanmar or
Vietnam ask us for a purchase
through the Foreign Military Sale
system or if they approach a US
company and request a purchase
through the direct commercial
sale system, we are going to con­
sider it. Every export licence is
like a small independent foreign
policy decision.”
Handelman went on to
emphasise that any defence trade
relationship with either Myan­
mar or Vietnam will be based on
decisions related to diplomacy,
politics, human rights, and a
range of other factors.
“Human rights is a huge issue,”
he said, “and in this respect the
president reissued [in January
2014] the US Conventional
Arms Transfer Policy. This policy
is a reminder to all of us in the
defence trade business that this is
all about foreign policy, regional
stability and human rights. It is
not about the arms sales.” ■
Vietnam is understood
to be interested in a
de-weaponised version
of the Lockheed Martin
P-3 Orion maritime patrol
aircraft.
»In brief
Ukraine invests in industry
Ukraine has announced plans to
spend USD1.2 billion to develop its
national military industrial complex
over the years to 2017. Only 30%
of the funding will come from the
government, with the remainder to
come from loans and the revenues of
state organisations.
BAE warns of tough 2014
BAE Systems reported improved
sales and a steady order book for
2013, although operating earnings
halved and investors were warned of
double-digit decline in the critical US
defence and security market in 2014.
Investors reacted badly to the United
Kingdom-headquartered group's full
year announcement on 20 February.
Indonesia to invest in PT Pal
The Indonesian government has
allocated a further USD250 million
towards local shipbuilder PT PAL's
programme to modernise facilities
in order to construct and support
submarines. The funds will be
allocated from the state budget
in 2014 and will be focused on pre­
paring PT PAL to build under licence
the third of three Chang Bogo-
class Type 209/1200 submarines
ordered from South Korea’s Daewoo
Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering in
late 2011.
Thales looks to new markets
Thales’ net profit fell 2% to EUR573
million (USD788.2 million) in 2013
from EUR586 million in 2012.
Sales rose only slightly to EUR14.19
billion from EUR14.16 billion the
previous year. CEO Jean-Bernard
Levy said the company will focus on
emerging markets as it is “not yet a
global player”.
MTU Aero sees record sales
MTU Aero Engines reported record
full-year sales of EUR3.74 billion
(USD5.13 billion) in 2013 but saw
net profit decline slightly to EUR172
million.
ihs.com/Janes
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» BRIEFING
European AFV programmes
Armouring up
Under the weight of the various challenges associated with a tough economic climate,
the European armoured vehicle industry is still managing to make headway on a
number of major programmes that are either under way or planned for the near future.
Christopher F Foss reports
n the face of difficult economic conditions
I and significant force structure reduc­
tions, the European armoured fighting
vehicle (AFV) industry is facing tough times.
This has resulted in a spate of mergers and
acquisitions over the past decade or so,
with many famous names such as Alvis and
Vickers disappearing altogether.
Historically, a shortfall in contracts from
the home market could be made up by
winning exports - and this is still the case,
as illustrated by examples such as the
Patria Armoured Modular Vehicle (AMV)
and BAE Systems Hagglunds CV90 winning
major export orders. However, European
contractors are facing increased competi­
tion from new countries entering the
A CV90 Armadillo with applique armour, higher roofline, and rubberband tracks.
24 j Jane's Defence Weekly 26 February 2014
market such as Turkey and South Korea. At
the same time, China and Russia are also
making inroads into many markets that are
often closed to European contractors for
political reasons.
Despite such challenges, a number of
major AFV programmes are still under way
within Europe, including some in France
and the United Kingdom that will hopefully
come onstream later in the decade.
AMV scoops export orders
The Finnish Armoured Modular Vehicle
(AMV) was developed by Patria in co­
operation with the Finnish Defence Forces
(FDF) and is offered in a number of ver­
sions, including a baseline vehicle, an 8x8L
BAE Systems Hagglunds: 1525885
stretched variant, a high-roofline vehicle,
a heavy weapons platform.
Finland was the launch customer for the
baseline AMV, with the armoured personnel
carrier (APC) model fitted with a Kongsberg
Protector remote weapon station (RWS)
armed with a .50 cal M2 HB machine gun
(MG). The FDF are now taking delivery of 18
AMVs fitted with the twin 120 mm Advanced
Mortar System (AMOS).
The AMV has been highly successful in
the export market, with sales being made to
Croatia, Poland, Slovenia, South Africa, Swe­
den and the United Arab Emirates (UAE).
In some cases the total order has come
from the Finnish production line, while in
others an initial batch has been supplied
followed by progressive local production.
Sweden is taking delivery of 113 APC-type
AMVs from Finland, with an option on a
similar number. These will be fitted with a
Kongsberg Protector RWS armed with a .50
calibre M2 HB MG.
South Africa, meanwhile, placed a
contract with Denel Land Systems for the
supply of 2 3 3 production vehicles of a local
variant of the AMV, to be called the Badger
in South African service, following success­
ful trials with five pre-production vehicles
in late 2013.
Under the terms of the contract the first
16 AMVs will be produced in Finland, with
the remainder to be manufactured in South
Africa incorporating a locally developed
armour package and fitted with Denel’s LCT
modular turret.
The UAE, meanwhile, has purchased five
AMVs in the 8x8L configuration. These are
fitted with the complete turret of the Russian
BMP-3 infantry fighting vehicle (IFV) but still
retain the AMV’s amphibious capabilities.
ihs.com/janes

A Nexter Systems VCI 8x8 IFV ready for
delivery to the French Army.
The AMV has also been demonstrated with
numerous other weapon systems, including
the Belgian CMI Defence CT-CV 105 mm
turret and the Rheinmetall Lance 30 mm
weapon system.
Patria’s own 120 mm NEMO turreted
mortar system is the company’s number one
recommendation for its customers’ indirect
fire needs.
In late 2013, meanwhile, Patria unveiled
its New Vehicle Concept, which built on
the Finnish company’s experience with the
8x8 AMV.
While outwardly similar to the AMV, the
concept, which has already conducted initial
trials, is a new venture featuring a brand
new hull with increased volume, payload,
potentially more protection, and with a gross
vehicle weight (GVW) of up to 30 tonnes.
Unlike the company’s past offerings, the
A Leopard 2A7+ MBT undergoing trials in
Qatar. Krauss-Maffei Wegmann: 1168561
ihs.oom/janes
1525834
new vehicle has been principally developed
with an eye on the export market. It will be
marketed alongside the current production
AMV with a particular focus on meeting
customers’ future requirements for wheeled
vehicles in this category.
VBCI awaits first export order
The French Army is taking delivery of 630
examples of Nexter Systems Vehicule
Blinde de Combat de l’lnfanterie (VBCI)
8x8 IFV to replace its older tracked AMX-
1 OP IFVs. Of the total order, 520 units are
being delivered in the VCI (Vehicule de
Combat de l’lnfanterie) infantry combat
BRIEFING «
vehicle configuration and 110 in the VPC
(Vehicule Poste de Commandement)
command post configuration.
Production at Nexter’s integration centre
in Roanne has ramped up to 100 vehicles a
year on a single shift, with a built-in surge
capacity for potential export contracts.
By January 2014 more than 500 VCIs had
been completed, with final deliveries due in
thefirsthalfof2015.
The French Army VCI is fitted with a
Nexter Systems one-person turret armed
with a 25 mm M811 dual-feed cannon and
7.62 mm co-axial MG.
For the export market a wider range of
other turrets would be fitted, with examples
including the Oto Melara Hitfist 30 two-
person turret armed with a 30 mm dual-feed
cannon, a 7.62 mm co-axial MG and a single
anti-tank guided weapon (ATGW) launcher
either side of the turret.
According to Nexter the design of the
vehicle is such that larger turrets could be
accommodated armed with 90 mm or 105
mm guns or even a 120 mm low-recoil
smoothbore gun.
The company has completed studies for a
complete family of vehicles for the export
market, including ambulance, combat
engineer, and recovery configurations, along
with a mortar vehicle armed with a 120 mm
mortar system. Some of these have a higher
roofline for greater internal volume.
The British Army is due
to trial a batch of VBCIs in
2014. This could poten­
tially meet the outstand­
ing requirement for the
26 February 2014 Jane’s Defence Weekly | 25
» BRIEFING
shelved Future Rapid Effect System (FRES)
Utility Vehicle (UV).
France requires two new AFVs
The French Army has two key AFV pro­
grammes in the pipeline: the EBRC (Engin
Blinde de Reconnaissance et de Combat)
and the VBMR (Vehicule Blinde MultiRole),
which is now a priority programme.
The EBRC (or Armoured Reconnaissance
and Combat Vehicle) will replace the cur­
rently deployed 105 mm-armedAMX-lORC
6x6 and the 90 mm-armed Panhard Defense
Sagaie 6x6 armoured cars. It is expected that
the vehicle will also be a 6x6 model with a
crew of three and be fitted with a two-person
turret armed with a 40 mm cannon, 7.62 mm
MG andATGW.
It is understood that the French Army will
acquire 248 EBRCs. It is also expected that
the Direction Generale de lArmement (DGA)
will now issue an EBRC request for proposals
(RfP) in 2014 for the design and construction
of prototype vehicles for trials, with an in-
service date for the first vehicles of 2020. An
RfP had been anticipated in 2 013.
Meanwhile, a request for information (Rfl)
was issued in December 2013 for the VBMR
programme: the projected replacement for
France’s ageing Renault Trucks Defense
Vehicule de l’Avant Blinde (VAB) 4x4 APC:
the most numerous of France’s current APCs,
with around 3,000 currently in service.
The German Army’s first two production Puma AIFVs, which will replace
the currently deployed Marder 1 ICV by 2020.
26 | Jane’s Defence Weekly 26 February 2014
This programme is also now a priority; up
to 2,080 units will be procured, with most of
these being in a 6x6 configuration along with
a smaller number of 4x4 models and first
deliveries in 2018.
Leopard 2 back in production
In Germany Krauss-Maffei Wegmann (KMW)
is set to restart production of the Leopard 2
main battle tank (MBT) at its Munich facility
after receiving an order from Qatar for 62
Leopard 2A7s and 24 155 mm/52 calibre
PzH 2000 self-propelled howitzers (SPHs).
The contract, announced in April 2 013 and
worth EUR1.89 billion (USD2.46 billion),
includes peripheral equipment as well as crew
training and other support activities, with
deliveries to run from 2015 through to 2018.
Developed, tested and qualified by KMW
in close co-operation with the German Army
and other users, the 2A7 is the latest version
of the Leopard 2 series of tanks, which are
considered to be the most successful MBTs in
NATO service.
The German Army has also ordered a batch
of 20 Leopard 2A7s, deliveries of which
should be complete this year. These are
conversions of ex-Royal Netherlands Army
Leopard 2A6 NL vehicles.
The restart of Leopard 2 production
opens up the possibility for export orders
to Saudi Arabia and perhaps other countries
such as Oman.
Krauss-Maffei Wegmann: 1401658
With the rundown of many armies in
Europe there are a number of Leopard 2A4
MBTs that are now surplus to requirements
and these are being exported in increasing
numbers. Surplus Leopard 2s have now
been sold to Austria, Canada, Chile, Den­
mark, Greece, Finland, Indonesia, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Singapore, Spain, Sweden,
and Turkey.
Rheinmetall built a large number of Leop­
ard 2s up to the Leopard 2A4 and provides
many sub-systems for all versions, including
the computerised fire control system (FCS) as
well as the 120 mm smoothbore gun and its
suite of ammunition.
As a private venture Rheinmetall has
developed an upgrade package for the export
market called ‘MBT Revolution’, which was
first shown in mid-2010. This features a
range of improvements, including a new
passive armour system produced by German
company IBD, enhanced situational aware­
ness, an all-electric gun control system,
new commander’s and gunner’s sights, an
electronic architecture and flat panel displays
for the crew members.
Puma AIFV moves ahead
Rheinmetall’s Marder 1IFV entered service
with the German Army in 1971 and has since
been subject to a number of upgrades. The
latest version, the Marder 1A5A1, has been
deployed to Afghanistan.
ihs.com/janes

However, the Marder 1 will be replaced by
the Puma armoured infantry fighting vehicle
(AIFV), which has been under development
since 2002 by Projekt System & Manage­
ment (PSM): a joint venture company formed
by KMW and Rheinmetall on a 50/50 basis,
with KMW responsible for the turret and
Rheinmetall for the hull.
The first Puma AIFV system demonstrator
was completed in 2005 and was followed by
five pre-production vehicles. An order for
405 vehicles was then placed in 2009, but
this has now been reduced to 350 vehicles.
These will be issued to six German infantry
battalions, with final deliveries still due in
2020. Of the 350 PumaAIFVs, 8 will be
driver training vehicles.
The Puma AIFV programme has experi­
enced significant delays as a result of techni­
cal problems and changes in user require­
ments resulting in additional equipment
being added that was not available when the
original contract was awarded.
The Puma has a number of unique features,
including the fact that the commander and
gunner are seated in the hull along with the
driver plus six dismounts.
The Puma’s remote-control turret is armed
with a Mauser 30 mm MK 30-2 dual-feed
cannon (which can also fire the latest air-
bursting munition) and a 5.56 mm co-axial
MG with a pod of Euro-Spike long-range
ATGWs integrated onto its left side.
ihs.com/janes
A German Army Boxer APC in the latest
upgraded A1 standard for Afghanistan.
Krauss-Maffei Wegmann:1460845
Adopting a modular passive armour
system, in its baseline configuration the
Puma AIFV weighs 31.45 tonnes fitted
with the A’ ballistic armour package, which
allows it to be transported in A400M trans­
port aircraft.
The ‘B’ ballistic armour package provides a
much higher level of protection against some
Pizarro Phase 2 IFVs for the Spanish Army on
the production line in Seville, Spain, with two-
person turrets in the foreground and hulls in the
background. gdels-sbs: 1481074
BRIEFING «
types of anti-tank weapon and medium-
calibre cannon. The vehicle is also fitted with
a soft-kill defensive aids system, which can
decoy some types of incoming ATGW.
Boxer deployed
The Boxer 8x8 Multi-Role Armoured Vehicle
(MRAV) has had a chequered career, but
was finally ordered by Germany (272 units)
and the Netherlands (200 units), with
the prime contractor being ARTEC: a
company jointly owned by Rheinmetall and
KMW with production lines in Germany
and the Netherlands.
The vehicle is offered in a number of
variants, including ambulance (ordered
by Germany and the Netherlands), APC
(Germany and the Netherlands), cargo
carrier (Netherlands), command post vehicle
(Germany), engineer group vehicle (Neth­
erlands), and a driver training vehicle. There
are also differences between the variants: the
Dutch ambulance version, for example, has
a rear mission module with a raised roof for
greater internal volume.
The German combat versions of the Boxer
are fitted with a KMW FLW 200 RWS,
typically armed with a .50 cal M2 HB MG,
while the Dutch vehicles are fitted with
the Kongsberg Protector RWS armed with a
similar weapon.
After numerous delays to the Boxer pro­
gramme Germany received its first produc­
tion vehicles in 2009, while first deliveries to
the Netherlands started in 2013. Production
continues, with deliveries due to be com­
pleted to the German Army in 2014. Deliver­
ies to the Netherlands, meanwhile, will run
through to 2016.
For the IFV role the Boxer can be fitted
with a more powerful weapon system and
has already been demonstrated fitted with
the Rheinmetall Lance turret armed with a
Mauser 30 mm MK 30-2 dual-feed cannon
and a 7.62 mm co-axial MG.
ASCOD: international co-operation
International co-operation in the field of AFVs
has been patchy, with many programmes
falling by the wayside or eventually entering
service later than originally expected.
The Austrian Spanish Co-Operative Devel­
opment (ASCOD) IFV was jointly developed
by the now General Dynamics European Land
System Santa Barbara Sistemas (GDELS -
SBS) and General Dynamics European Land
Systems Steyr (GDELS - Steyr) to meet the
requirements of the Austrian Army, which
26 February 2014 Jane’s Defence Weekly | 27
» BRIEFING
has designated the vehicle the ‘Ulan’ and the
Spanish Army, which calls the vehicle the
Pizarro. The differences between the two
vehicles are at the sub-system level. Both are
fitted with a two-person turret armed with
the Mauser 30 mm MK 30-2 dual-feed can­
non and a 7.62 mm MG.
The Austrian Army has taken delivery of
a total of 112 Ulan vehicles, all of which are
in the IFV configuration, while the Spanish
Army has taken delivery of a first batch of
144 Pizarro vehicles, comprising 122 IFVs
and 22 command post vehicles.
A second Spanish batch originally called for
190 vehicles (including observer, recovery
and engineer vehicles as well as IFVs), but as a
result of the Spanish economic downturn this
will be reduced, while the third option for
166 vehicles will not be exercised.
The ASCOD design is very flexible and has
already been demonstrated fitted with a RWS
armed with a 30 mm cannon and 7.62 mm
co-axial MG as well as various two- and three-
person turrets armed with a 105 mm rifled
tank gun.
The latest ASCOD hull is the point of
departure for the General Dynamics UK
Specialist Vehicle Scout being developed
European IFV and light attack vehicle programmes
The European infantry fighting vehicle (IFV)
market shows a broadly flat compound annual
growth rate (CAGR) of 1.5% over the forecast
period of 2013-2022. However, this belies the
positive activity within the market, which
will see a variety of opportunities as well as
progress on existing programmes generating
good growth in the mid part of the forecast, with
spending beginning to tail off in several areas
from 2020. IHS Jane’s DS Forecast data shows
that the highest spenders, both in terms of being
end users of IFV platforms as well as exporters
of this class of system, include the UK, Italy,
Russia and Poland.
Poland and Russia represent a sizeable portion
of the forecast revenue between them as they each
seek to procure new families of vehicles within the
IFV market. Both countries are conducting wholesale
recapitalisations of their armoured forces, with Russia
currently trialling and developing the Kurganets IFV,
which will seek to replace the existing BMP-2 and
BMP-3 platforms. The vehicle is an entirely new
design and will form the basis of a family of vehicles
covering a number of roles from IFV and APC through
to recovery, engineering and air defence variants.
28 | Jane’s Defence Weekly 26 February 2014
under contract to the UK Ministry of
Defence (MoD) and covered in more detail
later in this article.
Italian Army moves to 8x8 AFVs
The Italian Army was the first country
in NATO to realise the full potential of
medium-weight wheeled AFVs with the
deployment of400 Consorzio Iveco Oto
Melara (CIO) Centauro 105 mm 8x8 mobile
gun systems (MGSs).
Spain has also taken delivery of 84 of these
as replacements for its AMX-30E MBTs, while
the Royal Guard of Oman has taken delivery
of nine Centauro 120 mm MGSs.
CIO is currently developing the Centauro
2 under contract to the Italian Army. This will
feature a number of improvements, includ­
ing the latest FCS and 120 mm/45 calibre
smoothbore gun.
CIO is a joint venture company formed
to design, develop and manufacture AFVs
for the Italian Army. Within the consortium
Iveco Defence Vehicles is responsible for all
wheeled AFVs and automotive aspects of all
AFVs, both tracked and wheeled, while Oto
Melara is responsible for all tracked vehicles
as well as all turrets and weapon stations.
Poland, meanwhile, has recently announced a
requirement for two new families of AFV, currently
designated UMPG-heavy and UMPG-light. These
requirements look likely to have been informed by BAE
Systems’ CV90 system and will in all likelihood seek
West European IFV production/support forecast 2013-22
2,500
1,500
3 1,000
Q
U3 500
D
2013 2014 2015 2016
Puma IFV »ASCOD Iveco LMV
Centauro ■Dardo * Piranha LAV »Bv206
Scorpion Pandur Marder
Source: IHS Jane's Defence Procurement
The Italian Army is now fielding the Freccia
Veicolo Blindato Medio (VBM) 8x8 AIFV,
fitted with a two-person Oto Melera turret
armed with an Oerlikon 2 5 mm cannon, a
7.62 mm co-axial MG and a 7.62 mm roof-
mounted MG.
The first contract for the Freccia UBM
covered the supply of 50 AIFVs plus one
anti-tank variant with a Rafael Spike ATGW
located either side of the turret, one com­
mand vehicle (CV) and one 120 mm mortar
carrier. These have now been delivered.
A second contract covered the supply of
71 AIFVs, 24 AIFVs with Spike ATGWs, 12
120 mm mortar carriers and two CVs. A third
batch covered 51 AIFVs and 11 AIFVs with
Spike ATGW, while forth batch is for eight
120 mm mortar carriers and 18 CVs, with
production still under way.
An armoured repair and recovery vehicle
has also been developed and four have been
sold to Spain. The company is now build­
ing two dedicated reconnaissance vehicles
for the Italian Army that are similar to the
Freccia but fitted with a more advanced
sensor system.
Meanwhile, Iveco Defence Vehicles has
developed the Superav 8x8 amphibious
a broadly similar medium-weight tracked platform.
The tailing off toward the end of the forecast is
largely due to a lack of clearly stated requirements in
the longer term, combined with a lack of confidence
in Western users that spending plans will see fruition.
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
■ CV90 Warrior ■ VBCI
»AMX-10 ■ Unspecified
Allothers
©2013 IHS 1518674
ihs.com/janes

vehicle as a private venture to meet the
potential requirements of the Italian Army
and Marines.
When fitted with the latest Oto Melara
Overhead Weapon Station armed with a 25
mm or 30 mm cannon and a 7.62 mm co­
axial MG the vehicle is called the VBA.
A version of the Superav was also devel­
oped to meet the US Marine Corps Personnel
Carrier requirement.
Swedish CV90 back in production
Production of the BAE Systems Hagglunds
CV90 IFV was originally completed in 2011
after sales had been made to the Swedish
Army (509 vehicles plus 40 chassis in store),
Denmark (45 Mk Ills), Finland (102 Mk IIs),
Norway (104 Mk Is), Netherlands (154 Mk
Ills) and Switzerland (186 Mk IIs).
However, in June 2012 a brand new produc­
tion line was laid down after Norway placed a
contract for a mixture of brand new vehicles
and upgraded vehicles to give a total fleet of
144 CV90s. This will consist of 74 IFVs, 21
reconnaissance vehicles with mast-mounted
sensor pod, 15 command post vehicles, 16
combat engineer vehicles, 16 multirole
vehicles and two driver training vehicles.
Although several sizeable programmes-the UK’s
WCSP, Russia's Kurganets BMP replacement, Italy's
Freccia and Germany’s Puma all generate revenue
- a sizeable portion of European users already have
capable platforms that have been either procured
East European IFV production/support forecast 2013-22
1,200
1,000
800
600
400
E
a day/thermal sight for the commander.
<n
3 200
2013 2014 2015 2016
Unspecified ■BMP-2 Patria AMV
Turkish IFV "M80 *Pandur
AMX-10 Pars V-150/300
Source: IHS Jane's Defence Procurement
ihs.com/janes
BRIEFING «
The Norwegian multirole vehicles will be mm L/70 cannon and 7.62 mm co-axial MG.
very similar to the Armadillo APC, which was The latest CV90 Mk III, or CV9035 as it is
launched in 2010 and has a raised roofline for also called, is armed with an ATK Armament
greater internal volume and a GVW of up to Systems 35 mm Bushmaster III cannon and
35 tonnes. 7.62 mm co-axial MG.
All of the Swedish CV90 IFVs are fitted with
a two-person Bofors turret armed with a 40 Turkish Altay nears production
In 2008 Turkish manufacturer Otokar was
awarded a contract for the development
of the Altay MBT to meet the operational
requirements of the Turkish Land Forces
or upgraded, or in some cases are currently being Command. In late 2012 the mobility test rig
upgraded, negating a need for further substantial (MTR) and firepower test rig (FTR) for the
spending before 2025. Altay were completed and are now undertak­
Jon Hawkes is an IHS Senior Analyst, Military ing intensive trials. These will be followed by
Ground Vehicles, based in London two prototype vehicles and then 250 produc­
tion vehicles.
Initial discussions covering the produc­
tion of the first batch of Altay MBTs started
in June 2013 and under current plans it is
expected that the first production vehicles
will be completed in 2015.
The Altay has a conventional MBT design,
a crew of four, a 120 mm L/55 smoothbore
gun coupled to a computerised FCS, day/ther­
mal sights for the gunner, and a panoramic
It is probable that the Altay will soon be the
only MBT in production by a European NATO
member: a possibility that could open up the
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
door to significant export opportunities.
"BMD BMP-3 ■ BMP-1
“PiranhaLAV Multi-vehicle ■ MT-LB British Army awaits Scout SV
Today the key manned reconnaissance
All others
©2013 IHS 1518675
vehicle of the British Army is the Scimitar,
which entered service in 1974. This should
have been replaced by the Tactical Recon-
26 February 2014 Jane’s Defence Weekly | 29
» BRIEFING
naissance Armoured Combat Equipment
Requirement (TRACER), which was subse­
quently cancelled when the US pulled out of
the programme.
Following a competition the UK Ministry
of Defence (MoD) selected General Dynam­
ics UK (GDUK) as prime contractor for the
Scout - Specialist Vehicle (Scout SV), award­
ing the company a GBP500 million (USD837
million) fixed-price contract in July 2010
for the demonstration phase, together with
production options for vehicle delivery.
The contract called for GDUK to build
seven prototype vehicles, with the first due
to be completed in 2013, before transitioning
into a production phase. That requirement
was subsequently reduced to six vehicles,
including an MTR, three Scout vehicles, one
equipment support (repair) vehicle, and one
equipment support (recovery) vehicle.
The MTR was completed in mid-2012
at the facilities of GDELS-Steyr in Austria.
Following initial trials in Austria it then
went to Spain and is currently being put
through 10,000 km of Accelerated Life
Testing (ALT).
The MTR is similar to what will become the
Protected Mobility Reconnaissance Support
(PMRS) vehicle. This was shown at the DSEi
defence exhibition in London in Septem­
ber 2013 as the PMRS variant fitted with a
Kongsberg Protector RWS armed with a .50
cal M2 HB MG. The final full prototype is
30 | Jane’s Defence Weekly 26 February 2014
now being assembled and is due for delivery
later in 2014. All six prototype vehicles will
be put through a series of trials before being
accepted into service by the British Army.
The common base platforms will be built
in Spain at the facilities of GDELS - SBS and
then sent to the UK for integration.
For the Scout version the vehicle will be
fitted with a new two-person turret devel­
oped by Lockheed Martin UK and armed with
a CTAI40 mm Cased Telescoped Weapon
System (CTWS). The platform will also have
an advanced Thales sensor suite.
The first 100 vehicles will come from
Spain, with an option to transfer full produc­
tion to the UK, followed by progressive trans­
fer of technology to the UK, with production
being undertaken at the Defence Support
Group (DSG) in Donnington.
The original Scout SV requirement was for
up to 1,200 vehicles, but this could now be
closer to 600 as a result of the restructuring
of the British Army.
The first four Scout SV variants are referred
to as Recce Block 1 and will be followed by
specialist variants for the roles of ambulance,
engineer vehicle, reconnaissance vehicle, and
command and control vehicle.
Medium armour is no longer expected to be
developed for the time being, but options still
exist within British Army plans for ground
based surveillance and formation reconnais­
sance overwatch AFVs.
The BAE Systems Warrior IFV entered
service with the British Army in 1988 and
since then has seen extensive operational
use, most recently in Afghanistan, where
the vehicle has been upgraded to the latest
Theatre Entry Standard (Herrick).
In November 2011 Lockheed Martin
UK ousted competition from BAE Systems
to secure the Warrior Capability Sustain­
ment Programme (WCSP) contract, which
aims to extend the life of the vehicle out to
2035/2040.
The WCSP is currently at the demonstra­
tion phase, under which 11 vehicles will be
converted. Of these, eight will be Warrior
IFV section vehicles (including two section
command types), with the remainder com­
prising command post, repair and recovery
variants. The subsequent production phase
will see at least 380 vehicles, including
variants, upgraded at the Defence Support
Group at Donnington.
The WCSP incorporates a number of ele­
ments, including the Warrior Fightability &
Lethality Improvement Programme (WLIP),
Warrior Enhanced Electronic Architecture
(WEEA) and Warrior Modular Protection
System (WMPS).
The current unstabilised 30 mm RARDEN
cannon will be replaced by the fully stabilised
CTAI CTWS provided as government-fur-
nished equipment.
Following the completion of the system
architecture design review the preliminary
design review should have been concluded
in early 2013, but owing to delays this phase
was not completed until early in 2014.
First firing trials of the upgraded War­
rior turret, including the installation of the
40 mm CTWS, were originally expected in
2013, but have been delayed to the second
quarter of 2014.
Under the original baseline programme the
critical design review was due to be com­
pleted sometime in 2014, with the demon­
stration phase due to be completed in 2015
followed by formal acceptance in 2016.
While there has been a delay in the WCSP
Lockheed Martin UK still expects first deliv­
eries to be made in 2018. ■
Christopher F Foss is the Jane's Land
Consultant, based in London
IHS market, programme and budget forecasting
provides reliable, actionable insight into defence
industry trends, developments and opportunities.
Visit ihs.com/defenceindustry to learn more.
ihs.com/janes
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ihs.com/janes 26 February 2014 Jane's Defence Weekly | 33

»INTERVIEW
John D Harris II
CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER, RAYTHEON INTERNATIONAL
fforts to reduce barriers to
E transatlantic defence trade and
co-operation must continue, while
the pending US-EU free trade agreement
presents “opportunities, not threats”, for
the military and security industries of the
United States and the EU, John D Harris II,
the recently appointed CEO of Raytheon
International, has told IHS Jane’s.
Harris has attempted to champion US-EU
military co-operation at a time of auster­
ity on both sides of the Atlantic, given that
combined EU defence funding has declined
by 6% to USD254 billion since 2011, while
US military investment has fallen far more
sharply: by 20% to USD547 billion.
Against this challenging backdrop, Har­
ris told delegates at the Munich Security
Conference in January that there are now
opportunities for greater transatlantic
industrial co-operation by way of teaming
and partnering at the prime and subcon­
tract level. This co-operation should include
development, production, and maintenance
and training, he added.
Appointed chief executive of Raytheon
International in September 2013, succeed­
ing Thomas Culligan, who retired, Harris
has responsibility for Raytheon’s worldwide
sales and marketing efforts. The domestic
market accounted for 75% of Raytheon’s
total group sales ofUSD24.4 billion in 2012.
Of the non-US sales of USD 6 billion,
roughly USD1 billion was attributable to
European markets.
Harris has pointed to the Evolved Sea
Sparrow Missile (ESSM); the Rolling Air­
frame Missile - RAM (a partnership between
the United States and Germany involv­
ing Raytheon, MBDA, and Diehl); and the
Patriot integrated air and missile defence
system as examples of successful interna­
tional co-operation.
“More navies than ever depend on the lat­
est RAM and ESSM systems to defend their
fleets,” he said. “Together with RAMSYS,
Diehl, and MBDA Germany, we completed
the development of the third generation
of RAM [Block II] last year and received a
major order from the German Navy as well
as initial orders for the US Navy.
“And many customers - not only in
34 | Jane's Defence Weekly 26 February 2014
‘I believe there is a
strong imperative
for more
efficiency, more
co-ordination,
and more
co-operation’
Europe, but also in Asia and the Middle East
- plan to buy or upgrade to this version of
RAM, so it’s a great export success for us all.”
Harris’s comments on greater transatlan­
tic defence co-operation come as the EU-US
free trade agreement - an accord that could
create the world’s largest free trade zone -
continues to progress. Talks took place in
2013 with the hope of headway in 2014.
“The prospect of more open, competitive
markets resulting from a US-EU free trade
agreement represents opportunities, not
threats, for European and North American
defence companies,” said Harris. “Jointly
we can set standards and serve as an engine
to boost defence co-operation globally in
the same way that the [Transatlantic Trade
and Investment Partnership] will boost the
global economy.”
Defence industrial co-operation between
the United States and the EU was principally
characterised by cross-border mergers and
acquisitions activity over the last decade,
with IHS Jane’s figures indicating that Euro­
pean defence companies invested more than
USD20 billion in the US market during the
2000s. US primes also looked to enhance
their European footprint, notably in the UK.
In terms of broader government-to-
government activity, the UK-US Defence
Co-operation Treaty (which became active
in 2012) was one of the more notable
examples.
Harris argued that co-operation is already
broad, although opportunities remain.
“Transatlantic co-operation is alive and
well,” he said. “I believe there is a strong
imperative for more efficiency, more
co-ordination, and more co-operation as
reflected in the Pooling & Sharing and Smart
Defence initiatives of the EU and NATO. We
from industry applaud the EDA [European
Defence Agency] as well as NATO in these
efforts to reduce duplication in research,
development, and implementation, both
within Europe and across the transatlantic
defence market. And we applaud efforts to
achieve a more open market and reduce bar­
riers to transatlantic defence trade
and co-operation.”
Harris conceded that hurdles remain, how­
ever, adding: “We also support export con­
trol reform and streamlining on both sides
of the Atlantic to reduce the bureaucratic
burden and time delays for industry. All this
means more capability for the available bud­
get to our combined armed forces.”
Regarding specific projects, Harris said
there “are many programmes and areas
where we could do more co-operation”,
highlighting ship defences as well as air and
missile defence as examples.
“We could also co-operate more in ISR
systems, in command and control, in soldier
systems, and self-protection,” he added,
"and I’m sure our colleagues, who provide
platforms of all kinds, desire and would ben­
efit from more co-operation as well.”
Guy Anderson
Jane’s Senior Principal
Industry Analyst, London
ihs.com/janes
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