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Dahua Training Course Notes Module 1 - Introduction to HD-CVI
What is HD-CVI?
HD-CVI is an analogue HD technology by Dahua that delivers HD images using standard analogue installation methods. HD-CVI
cameras output an analogue video signal at a higher frequency than that of standard definition analogue cameras. Using this
What is covered technology HD images can be transmitted using coaxial or twisted pair cable. Additional signals such as Audio, Alarms and PTZ
Telemtry are also transmitted down the same cable.
Module 6 - Software
HD-CVI Benefits
Many of the benefits that come with HD-CVI systems include:
HD images up to 1080P
Video, Audio & Data via a single cable
A wide range of remote access features
Same or lower cost as standard analogue systems
HD-CVI Video
HD-CVI video has many of the same abilities as standard analogue video signals.
Every HD-CVI DVR model also supports talkback audio and is equipped with a single audio input and output for this purpose.
HD-CVI Telemetry
HD-CVI provides telemetry control with very little configuration, as PTZ Telemetry is transmitted via the BNC of the DVR, protocol and
ID programming is not required.
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Module 1 - Introduction to HD-CVI Module 1 - Introduction to IP
HD-CVI Cable Devices on a network are managed by the use of a unique identifier known as an IP address.
An IP address enables devices to communicate with each other across a network. Every device on a network must have an IP
Multiple cable types are supported when using HD-CVI including both coaxial and twisted pair. Transmission distances vary between address in order to communicate correctly.
cables but all distances referenced by Cop Security are based on RG59 or Cat5e unless specified. Cable types supported by HD-
CVI are:
IP CCTV systems differ from analogue, HDCVI and other coax based systems in that every aspect of the system is network based.
Every Camera and NVR communicate with each other the same way as any other IP based piece of equipment, such as a PC,
Laptop or Mobile phone. WHAT IS PoE?
The Video, Audio and Telemetry signals are converted into digital signals, consisting of data packets. Power over Ethernet (PoE) transmits data and provides power down the same cable to a network
These packets are then Streamed to the NVR via the network connection. PoE device.
By utilising PoE the number of cables required to install an IP CCTV system are minimalised.
Each camera can be added to the system using just one cable.
POE has a maximum transmission distance of 100m
Video
Audio Data PoE NVRs v Non-PoE NVRs
Packet POE Non-POE
One cable Requires POE switch/injector or separate power
Plug and Play (POE Camera > POE NVR) supply
POE NVRs do not require additional switches Manual configuration
Non POE NVRs require network switches (POE or
Non POE)
PoE NVR & PoE Cameras Non-PoE NVR & PoE Cameras
The process of converting video & audio into a digital signal is referred to as Encoding, often when adjusting video settings such as
resolution or frame rate, the settings will be found in the Encode menu.
POE switch
When the digital signal is received by an NVR, PC or other device, the process of converting the signal and displaying it to the
operator is called Decoding. Non-PoE NVR & PoE Cameras
POE switch
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Module 1 - Introduction to IP Module 2 - Specifying and Installation
WHAT IS ONVIF?
32 CHANNEL NVR
ONVIF is an open protocol incorporated throughout the IP CCTV industry, it is used to ensure interoperability between devices
regardless of the manufacturer.
An NVR that supports the ONVIF protocol will likely work with any IP camera that also utilises the protocol.
IP Camera x16 IP Camera x16
Although ONVIF ensures compatibility between devices, it does not guarantee nor necessarily support all functions available on
an IP camera or NVR. Router
At the very least the ability for the NVR to decode the video stream of the camera is usually supported. Other functions such as PTZ 1Gbps Uplink
Control, Motion Detection or Image settings are usually dependent on the specific IP camera manufacturer or model.
100Mbps POE
LAN Connection
WHERE TO INSTALL IP
64 CHANNEL NVR
64 Channel NVR
Wired
100m
Cat5e/6
RG59
100Mbps POE
CAMERA NETWORK DESIGN LAN Connection
All Non POE NVRs do not support Plug and Play configuration, each camera is manually configured and then added to the system.
IP Camera x16 IP Camera x16 IP Camera x16
Dahua Non POE units are available in 32, 64, 128 and 256 channel variants. Each NVR has a minimum of 2x 1Gbps network ports, one
of the NVR Ethernet ports is used for the camera network, with the other Ethernet port used for the LAN network. When specifying a
large IP system, it is important to take into account the amount of bandwidth being transmitted between the network switches and
the NVR. Most POE switches offer multiple 1Gbps network ports along with multiple 100Mbps POE ports. In this scenerio, the 1Gbps
network ports are used to connect the NVR to the switch and for connecting switch to switch. The 100Mbps are then used for the
individual camera connections.
Router
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Module 2 - Specifying and Installation Module 2 - Specifying and Installation
BANDWIDTH REQUIREMENTS
To put the bandwidth requirements for remote viewing into practice, you must first look at the encode settings of the cameras.
Bandwidth requirements and limitations should always be considered when specifying an IP CCTV system. POE NVR Installations do The bitrate of an individual camera may already be higher than that of the internet connection
not usually reach the limit of the NVR, whereas this is often possible on non PoE units. The total bitrate of the system may be vastly higher than that of the internet connection
Sub Stream is often the recommended stream for remote viewing
8Mbps 8Mbps
IMAGE QUALITY
NVR Bandwidth 56Mbps
8Mbps 8Mbps
There are three main items that make up an IP CCTV video stream; Resolution, Frame Rate and Bit Rate
Resolution The pixel size of the image such as 1.3MP
Frame Rate The number of images per second, real time video is 25
Total Camera Bandwidth 32Mbps
Bit Rate The overall size of the image in Kbps, the larger the bit rate the more bandwidth the video stream will use
WHAT IS A MEGAPIXEL?
Individual pixels make up any digital image such as photos or video. A megapixel (MP) is a million pixels, the resolution of digital
cameras including IP CCTV cameras are measured in megapixels.
To calculate how many megapixels a specific resolution is, multiply the resolution width and height together…..
Large IP systems such as 32, 64, 128 & 256 channel are connected via switches and can easily reach the maximum bandwidth 720P 1280x720 = 921600 pixels or just under 1.0MP
supported by the NVR. Reducing the bitrate on each camera is often required to provide the maximum number of channels supported 1.3MP 1280x960 = 1228800 pixels (1.3MP)
on the NVR. 1080P 1920x1080 = 2073600 pixels (2.0MP)
16x Cameras 16x Cameras
1080P, Real Time
8Mbps
1080P, Real Time
8Mbps Sometimes the overall pixel size is rounded up to the nearest million or decimal place, such as 720P (1MP) & 1.3MP.
100Mbps Link
100Mbps Link Frame Rate
Bit rate is the term used to describe the size of the video stream in Kbps (Kilo bits per second) or Mbps (Mega bits per second). When
32 Channel NVR
256Mbps Incoming Bandwidth
NVR Bandwidth 256Mbps choosing the bit rate setting it is important to take into consideration both the Resolution and Frame rate.
Total Camera Bandwidth 192Mbps
A high resolution and high frame rate will require a high bit rate to produce good quality video. If the bit rate is set too low, then
When planning to make an IP system available for remote access across the internet, knowing the bandwidth capabilities of the on the video will become pixilated and suffer from artefacts, especially during scene changes such as PTZ and object movement.
site internet connection is also very important A lower resolution and frame rate will require a lower frame rate, setting the bit rate higher than it needs to be will not give much
advantage over video quality.
Upload Speed – Send speed of the internet connection
Download Speed – Receive speed of the internet connection
Bit Rate Examples
Resolution Frame Rate Required Quality Bit Rate
1.3MP 25 High 6144Kbps (6Mbps)
1.3MP 25 Good 4096Kbps (4Mbps)
1.3MP 12 High 3072Kbps (3Mbps)
1.3MP 12 Good 2048Kbps (2Mbps)
1080P 25 High 8192Kbps (8Mbps)
1080P 25 Good 6144Kbps (4Mbps)
1080P 12 High 4096Kbps (4Mbps)
1080P 12 Good 3072Kbps (3Mbps)
3MP 25 High 10240Kbps (10Mbps)
3MP 25 Good 8192Kbps (8Mbps)
3MP 12 High 5120Kbps (5Mbps)
3MP 12 Good 4096Kbps (4Mbps)
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Module 2 - Specifying and Installation Module 3 - HD-CVI Camera Configuration
Features available across the Dahua range of NVRs and DVRs include:
Bit Rate Type Live Viewing (Main and Sub streams)
Playback
There are two types of bit rate to consider when configuring the encode settings of an IP camera, CBR and VBR. Backup
Constant Bit Rate (CBR) – CBR will target to encode the video signal at the specified bit rate continuously. If the camera bit rate is PTZ Control
set to 4096Kbps, then this will be the bit rate the camera continuously streams at. CBR is best used in high activity environments. Audio (Recorded audio, Talkback audio)
Variable Bit Rate (VBR) – VBR is an automatic bit rate setting, when configured the specified bit rate will be used as a marker, Remote management
depending on the amount of movement and detail in the scene, the bit rate will automatically lower or increase. VBR is Push notifications (PC software, Paid mobile app)
advantageous in quieter environments where there is little or no movement.
Many more features are available, if a specific feature is required by the customer then the Cop Security technical department can
advise on more specific installation requirements.
Compression
Compression is the application of reducing the data size of the video stream to that of the specified bit rate. The more a video VIEWING CLIENTS
stream is compressed, the lesser the quality of the video stream.
Video codecs such as H.264 and MPEG4 use different algorithms to encode and decode video. H.264 is considered the more There are multiple ways to view Dahua products across multiple devices including:
efficient, usually requiring 30% less bandwidth than that of MPEG4. Windows PC – Smart PSS CMS software, Web Browser (IE, Firefox)
When choosing which codec to select, it is important to take into consideration how the system will be used. As MPEG4 tends to MAC – Smart PSS CMS Software, Web Browser (Safari)
use more bandwidth and disk space than that of H.264, H.264 is the most commonly used. Allowing for more storage capacity Mobile Phone – (iPhone, Android, Windows, Blackberry)
and faster viewing for remote access. Tablet – (iPad, Android)
BROADBAND SPEED
Internet speed is probably the most important factor often overlooked when specifying a remotely accessed system for a customer.
HARD DRIVE CAPACITY Although remote access can be achieved on some of the slowest broadband connections, access speed will most likely suffer.
One of the most important factors to consider when specifying an IP CCTV system which is often overlooked, is the NVR hard drive (HDD) capacity. On site upload speed must be considered a major factor that will ultimately determine the performance of the system when accessed
Specifying the correct HDD size for the customers needs, prevents having to sacrifice image quality to achieve the required amount of days remotely.
recorded on the system. Off site broadband speed is also important, however this only affects the site viewing the system, upload speed will determine the
connection speed for all remote sites including PC and mobile access.
An average ADSL broadband connection with a 8Mbps download speed will usually have an upload speed anywhere between
0.5Mbps and 1Mbps. The result of this being that viewing the system remotely would be limited to 0.5~1Mbps regardless of the
Example: Example: download speed on site.
IP Camera: 1080P, 25fps, High Quality 16x IP Cameras: 1080P, 12fps, Good Quality
(8Mbps) (3Mbps)
HDD: 1TB HDD: 16TB Camera OSD Menu
Days Recording: 11 Days Recording: 29.5 To access the OSD menu of a camera supporting the feature, access the PTZ control option on the HD-CVI DVR. Click the Iris + button
to display the OSD menu and use the PTZ directional arrows to navigate throughout the menu.
Motorised Lens
Cameras including motorised varifocal lenses can be adjusted via the HD-CVI DVR PTZ interface. Access the PTZ control interface and
Calculation: use the Zoom/Focus controls to adjust the zoom and focus of the camera.
Plug and Play is only available with Dahua POE NVRs and Dahua IP cameras,
REMOTE ACCESS
cross manufacturer installations do not support Plug and Play.
When specifying an IP system for remote access there are multiple points to take into account. Plug and Play is also limited to one camera per POE port on the NVR.
What remote access functions does the customer require? If transmitting multiple cameras through a single POE port of an NVR via a switch,
How will the system be viewed? (PC, MAC, Mobile) manual configuration is required.
What is the upload speed of the site?
Is the customers internet package a fixed IP or dynamic?
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Module 4 - IP Camera Installation & Configuration Module 4 - IP Camera Installation & Configuration
Once the Config Tool has discovered the cameras, double left click a camera to
MANUAL CONFIGURATION edit it’s IP address.
Installations that require manual configuration of Dahua IP cameras include Non-POE NVRs & POE NVRs where more than one Once the address has been set, click Modify to apply the setting. The default
camera is connected to a single POE port via a switch. It is also recommended to perform manual configuration, when a single username & password for all Dahua devices is admin / admin.
camera is connected to a POE NVR via a switch or wireless link.
This is because the extra equipment placed between the NVR and Camera can delay or even stop the automatic detection
process.
POE Switch Using the Config Tool is a great way to discover and edit any Dahua device that is on a network including NVRs, Encoders/
POE Switch
Plug and Play Plug and Play
Decoders and Cameras.
Other functions that can be accessed using the Config Tool include; Firmware Upgrades, Camera Parameters, Batch Configure
Devices and also export the device list for record keeping.
Install the Config Tool on to the computer by running the setup exe file.
After the Config Tool has been installed on the computer, a shortcut labelled “Config Tool” will have been placed on the desktop.
Before running the Config Tool you must first make sure that any devices you wish to configure will be discoverable. To do this the On accessing a cameras web browser for the first time, installation of the web plugin will also be required.
computer is required to be connected to the camera network. When prompted click the link to download and install the plugin.
On POE NVRs this is done by connecting the computer to one of the POE ports. On non POE NVRs connect the computer to one of
the ports on a network switch.
Select the arrow next to the allow button and choose Allow for all websites.
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Module 4 - IP Camera Installation & Configuration Module 4 - IP Camera Installation & Configuration
Point to Point
15Km
10Km
PTZ CONFIGURATION
Dahua PTZ cameras are installed and configured the same way as any other Dahua IP camera, except for a few small differences.
The majority of Dahua PTZ cameras require separate 24v AC power input (PSU Supplied). Additional configuration should not be
required to achieve control of PTZ functions.
Presets, Tours and Alarms can be configured in the camera web browser or OSD menu. Smart features such as auto tracking are
ONVIF PROTOCOL configured in the camera web browser.
Onvif protocol is a third party protocol designed to ensure interoperability between devices. When adding Onvif cameras to an
NVR the IP address of each camera must first be configured using the manufacturers discovery tool.
Once the cameras are configured in range of the NVR, they must be added to the NVR camera list using manual configuration. 24v AC Supply
Ethernet
Not all features that are you accessible on the NVR for Dahua cameras will be available for cameras added using the Onvif
protocol. Often settings such as Motion Detection, Privacy Masking or even Date/Time are required to be configured in the
camera web browser.
Using IR Lab cameras as an example, the IPC Tool is used to discover and configure the IR Lab cameras.
When adding IR Lab cameras to a Dahua NVR, ports 85 and 554 are used.
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Module 5 - NVR Installation & Configuration Module 5 - NVR Installation & Configuration
Analogue Camera
Analogue Camera
Encoder NVR
First determine the IP address range of the camera network, this must be different to the LAN. Use the Config Tool or Remote Menu
to configure each cameras IP address. Use the Manual Add or Device Search options in the Remote menu to add each camera.
By default, each camera should automatically record (continuous) and the Date/Time of each camera should automatically sync
to the NVR clock.
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Module 6 - Software Module 6 - Software
Smart PSS
Smart PSS is free CMS software for all networkable Dahua products The minimum computers Disk Calculator
requirements for both
Add up to 256 devices or 2000 channels Windows and Mac computers The General Disk Calculator can be used to estimate the amount of days
Multiple viewing windows can be spread across multiple PC monitors are listed below recording based on Encode parameters and HDD capacity
Up to 128 channel simultaneous viewing Intel Core i3 or above Calculate record time based on HDD capacity
Individual user accounts can be created 2GB RAM Memory Calculate required HDD size based on required amount of days recording
Receive push notifications on alarm events 80GB HDD
Use PC DVR software to record direct to PC Windows XP or OS 10.7 (MAC) Export/Import parameters
1024x768 Monitor Display Resolution
Available for Windows and Mac OS
DMSS
DMSS is the mobile application for viewing Dahua DVRs remotely on both iOS and Android devices
NetSetMan
Supports IP/Domain addresses or P2P NetSetMan is a third party utility program that manages the network adapter settings of
Live View & Playback a computer
Backup
Multiscreen Viewing Create network profiles for different IP ranges
Push Notification (non Lite version) Quickly toggle between profiles
Remote DVR configuration View current IP range of computer easily
Fisheye Dewarping
Smart Player
Smart Player is a standalone software used for viewing recording copied
from Dahua products, features include:
File List
Up to 36 channel playback
Fisheye Dewarping
MP4/AVI Conversion
Watermark Check
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