Section 2 Animal Physiology

Section 2: Animal Physiology
2016_Jun_P1Q2
2 Fish and beef cattle are farmed to provide a source of protein for humans.
The graph shows changes in the global production of farmed fish and beef cattle since 1950.
70 –
60 –
50 –
beef
cattle
40 –
global production
in million tonnes
30 –
farmed
20 – fish
10 –
0–
–
–
1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
year
(a) (i) Describe the changes in the global production of farmed fish and beef cattle since 1950.
(3)
. . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ ............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ ............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ ............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ ............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ ............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ ............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ ............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ ............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ ............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) By 2020, the production of farmed fish is expected to be six times greater than
in 1990. Calculate the mass of farmed fish expected to be produced in 2020.
Show your working.
(2)
mass of farmed fish = ............................................................................... million tonnes
2
(b) Describe what happens to fish protein in the human stomach.
(4)
. . . . . . . ......................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . ......................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . ......................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . ......................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . ......................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . ......................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . ......................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . ......................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . ......................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . ......................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(c) Many molecules in the human body are made from protein.
The table lists some protein molecules, the function of each molecule and the
place where each molecule is made.
Complete the table by giving the missing information.
(6)
Place where protein molecule

Protein molecule Function of protein molecule
is made
haemoglobin red blood cells
digest starch salivary gland
insulin
binds to antigens on pathogens
(Total for Question 2 = 15 marks)
3
2017_Jun_P1_Q2
2 A student investigates the movement of substances from the gut into the blood
using a model.
DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA

The Visking tubing bag represents the gut and water represents the blood. Visking tubing
is permeable to small molecules.
plastic cover
substances Visking tubing bag
measuring cylinder

water
The student puts different solutions of various substances into the bag.
After 20 minutes he carries out food tests on the water.
(a) (i) Complete the table to show the results obtained by the student.
One has been done for you.
(3)
Solutions in bag Starch present in water Glucose present in water
starch only no no
starch and glucose
starch and maltase
starch and boiled amylase
4
4
*P48219A0432*
(ii) Explain how the volume of the bag would change when it only contains starch solution.
(3)
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . .. .. .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. .... . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. ... ... .. ... ... ... ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . .. .. .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. .... . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. ... ... .. ... ... ... ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . .. .. .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. .... . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. ... ... .. ... ... ... ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . .. .. .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. .... . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. ... ... .. ... ... ... ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . .. .. .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. .... . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. ... ... .. ... ... ... ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . .. .. .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. .... . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. ... ... .. ... ... ... ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . .. .. .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. .... . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. ... ... .. ... ... ... ..
(iii) Describe the test the student should use to find out if glucose is present in the water.
(3)
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . .. .. .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. .... . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. ... ... .. ... ... ... ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . .. .. .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. .... . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. ... ... .. ... ... ... ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . .. .. .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. .... . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. ... ... .. ... ... ... ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . .. .. .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. .... . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. ... ... .. ... ... ... ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . .. .. .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. .... . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. ... ... .. ... ... ... ..
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . .. .. .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. .... . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. ... ... .. ... ... ... ..
(b) Explain how you could use this apparatus to investigate the effect of bile on the
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . .. .. .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. .... . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. ... ... .. ... ... ... ..
digestion of lipid.
(3)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . .. .. .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. .... . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. ... ... .. ... ... ... ..
. ............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . .. .. .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. ... ... .. .... . .. . .. . . .. . .. . .. ... ... .. ... ... ... ..
. ............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. ............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. ............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. ............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. ............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. ............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. ............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DO NOT W
. ............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5
5
*P48219A0532* Turn over
. ............................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .................................................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2015_Jun_P1_Q5
5 (a) A student is given two samples of carbohydrates.

He tests to see if one is glucose and the other one is starch.
Describe the two chemical tests he should use to identify each carbohydrate.
(4)
. . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. ....................................................................................................................................... . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. ....................................................................................................................................... . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. ....................................................................................................................................... . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. ....................................................................................................................................... . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. ....................................................................................................................................... . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. ....................................................................................................................................... . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. ....................................................................................................................................... . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. ....................................................................................................................................... . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. ....................................................................................................................................... . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. ....................................................................................................................................... . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(b) Different groups of organism store carbohydrate as different molecules.

Complete the table to show an example from each group of organisms and the
molecule they use to store carbohydrate.
(4)
Molecule used to store

Group Example from the group
carbohydrate
animals cat
plants maize
fungi
6
10
*P44258A01032*
2016_Jan_P1_Q2
2 A student adds oil (lipid) to water.

He then puts drops of the mixture onto a microscope slide.
The diagram shows oil droplets floating on the water, as seen using a microscope.
The student then adds different solutions to four separate samples of oil droplets floating
on the water.
Diagrams A, B and C show the possible appearance of the oil droplets after each solution
is added.
A B C
(a) (i) The table lists the solutions added to the oil and water mixture.
Complete the table to show which diagram the mixture would look like after
each solution is added.
You may use each letter once, more than once or not at all.
(3)
Solution added Diagram

bile
bile and lipase C
boiled lipase
6 bile and protease
*P46800A0632*
7
(ii) Explain why no droplets are seen after bile and lipase solution is added to the
bile and protease
(ii) Explain why no droplets are seen after bile and lipase solution is added to the
oil and water mixture.
(4)
. . . . . . . . ..... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .......................................................................................................................................... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . ..... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .......................................................................................................................................... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . ..... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .......................................................................................................................................... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . ..... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .......................................................................................................................................... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . ..... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .......................................................................................................................................... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . ..... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .......................................................................................................................................... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(b) Starch is digested in the small intestine. The small intestine contains many structures
. . . . . . . . ..... .. .. .. .. ..that
.. .. .. .. .. ..absorb
.. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . .glucose.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .......................................................................................................................................... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The diagram shows one of these structures.

. . . . . . . . ..... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .......................................................................................................................................... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(i) Name this structure.

(1) 7
*P46800A0732*
...... ...... ............ .............. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. . ....... ....... ....... ........ ....... ........ ....... ........ ....... ........ ....... ........ ....... ........ ....... ........ ....... ........ ..... ....... ........ ......
Turn over
(ii) Explain how this structure is adapted to absorb glucose.

(5)
...... ...... ............ .............. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. . ....... ....... ....... ........ ....... ........ ....... ........ ....... ........ ....... ........ ....... ........ ....... ........ ....... ........ ..... ....... ........ ......
...... ...... ............ .............. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. . ....... ....... ....... ........ ....... ........ ....... ........ ....... ........ ....... ........ ....... ........ ....... ........ ....... ........ ..... ....... ........ ......
...... ...... ............ .............. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. . ....... ....... ....... ........ ....... ........ ....... ........ ....... ........ ....... ........ ....... ........ ....... ........ ....... ........ ..... ....... ........ ......
...... ...... ............ .............. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. . ....... ....... ....... ........ ....... ........ ....... ........ ....... ........ ....... ........ ....... ........ ....... ........ ....... ........ ..... ....... ........ ......
...... ...... ............ .............. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. . ....... ....... ....... ........ ....... ........ ....... ........ ....... ........ ....... ........ ....... ........ ....... ........ ....... ........ ..... ....... ........ ......
...... ...... ............ .............. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. . ....... ....... ....... ........ ....... ........ ....... ........ ....... ........ ....... ........ ....... ........ ....... ........ ....... ........ ..... ....... ........ ......
...... ...... ............ .............. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. . ....... ....... ....... ........ ....... ........ ....... ........ ....... ........ ....... ........ ....... ........ ....... ........ ....... ........ ..... ....... ........ ...... 8
...... ...... ............ .............. ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. . ....... ....... ....... ........ ....... ........ ....... ........ ....... ........ ....... ........ ....... ........ ....... ........ ....... ........ ..... ....... ........ ......
2015-Jan-P1_Q3
3 A student investigates the effect of temperature on the rate of starch digestion by

amylase. He carries out the first trial of his investigation at a room temperature
of 20 C.
He carries out the following steps in his investigation.
1 He puts one drop of iodine suspension into each of 12 wells on a spotting tile.
2 He then takes up 10 cm3 of 10% starch suspension into a syringe.
3 He adds one drop of the starch suspension from the syringe to the first well
in the spotting tile and records the colour change.
4 He rinses the outside of the syringe with water from a tap.
5 He then takes up exactly 5 cm3 of 5% amylase suspension into the same
syringe containing the 10% starch suspension.
6 He starts a stopwatch.
7 He then rocks the syringe containing the mixture gently backwards and
forwards for one minute.
8 He adds one drop of the mixture from the syringe to the next well in the
spotting tile and records the colour change.
9 He repeats this at intervals of one minute until he has added starch and
amylase mixture to all of the wells.
10 He then repeats steps 1–9 but this time he uses iodine, amylase and starch
suspension that have been stored in a water bath at 40 C.
11 He also keeps the syringe containing the mixture in the water bath at 40 C
between drops.
The photograph shows his results for 20 C at the end of the experiment when all the
wells have mixture added.
first well after one minute
6
*P44248A0628*
9
(a) (i) Give one safety precaution the student should take when carrying out this
investigation.
(1)
. . . . . . . . . ...................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) How many minutes do the samples of mixture added to the spotting tile in
the photograph represent?
(1)
. . . . . . . . . ...................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(b) Explain the purpose of the following steps in the student’s experiment.
(i) step 4
(1)
. . . . . . . . . ...................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . ...................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) step 7
(1)
. . . . . . . . . ...................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . ...................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(iii) step 11
(1)
. . . . . . . . . ...................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . ...................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(c) (i) Identify two variables that the student controls in his experiment.
(2)
1 . . . . . ..................................... ...................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................ . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 . . . . . ..................................... ...................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................ . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Name the independent variable that the student is investigating.

(1)
. . . . . . . . . ...................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
7 10
(d) Using the photograph, explain how many minutes it took for the reaction to be
completed at 20 C.
(3)
. . . . . . . . . .................................... ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .................................... ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .................................... ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .................................... ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .................................... ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .................................... ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .................................... ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(e) The results for the spotting tile at 40 C would be different from the trial carried
out at 20 C.
(i) Describe how the appearance of the results will be different.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . .................................... ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .................................... ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .................................... ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .................................... ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Explain the difference in the appearance of the results.

(2)
. . . . . . . . . .................................... ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .................................... ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .................................... ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .................................... ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8
*P44248A0828* 11
2015_Jan_P1_Q8
8 In digestion large food molecules are broken down into small food molecules by
enzymes.
(a) Use this information to complete the table.
(5)
Enzyme involved in Small food molecule

Large food molecule
digestion produced
starch amylase
protease
lipid
(b) The small food molecules can be absorbed into the blood by villi in the small
intestine.
Give three ways in which villi are adapted to absorb small food molecules.
(3)
1 . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ....................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......................................................................................................................... . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . ...... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ......................................................................................................................................... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ....................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......................................................................................................................... . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . ...... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ......................................................................................................................................... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3 . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ....................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......................................................................................................................... . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . ...... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ......................................................................................................................................... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20
*P44248A02028*
12
2014_Jun_P1_Q1
Answer ALL questions.
1 (a) The table contains names and descriptions of processes involved in the digestive
system.
Complete the table by filling in the missing names and descriptions.
(5)
Name of process Description of process
food enters the mouth
digestion
small food molecules move from the small intestine into the blood
small food molecules are used to build large molecules
egestion
(b) Describe the process of digestion in the mouth.

(3)
. . . . . .. .. .. ............................. ... . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . ... . ..................................................................................................................................... . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .. .. .. ............................. ... . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . ... . ..................................................................................................................................... . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .. .. .. ............................. ... . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . ... . ..................................................................................................................................... . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .. .. .. ............................. ... . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . ... . ..................................................................................................................................... . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .. .. .. ............................. ... . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . ... . ..................................................................................................................................... . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .. .. .. ............................. ... . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . ... . ..................................................................................................................................... . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .. .. .. ............................. ... . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . ... . ..................................................................................................................................... . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . .. .. .. ............................. ... . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . ... . ..................................................................................................................................... . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(c) A student carried out some food tests on two samples of food, A and B. The table
shows the results.
Colour seen after adding

2 Sample Reagent used in food test
A
*P42862A0232*
iodine solution
the reagent
blue black 13
B Benedict’s brick red
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(c) A student carried out some food tests on two samples of food, A and B. The table
shows the results.
Colour seen after adding

Sample Reagent used in food test
the reagent
A iodine solution blue black
B Benedict’s brick red
The student concluded that both samples of food contained carbohydrates.

Do you agree with this conclusion?
Give reasons for your answer.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3
14
2018_Jan_P1_Q2
2 A meal contains different food components.
(a) The table lists some of the components in the meal.

Complete the table by giving the function of each component.
(4)
Component Function of component
vitamin A
vitamin C
vitamin D bone growth

iron
dietary fibre
(b) Describe a test to show that the meal contains glucose.

(3)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(c) The meal also contains lipids and proteins.

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(i) Give the three chemical elements found in lipids and also found in proteins.
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) The table lists two substances involved in the digestion of lipids.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Complete the table by naming an organ that produces each substance.

(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Substance Organ
bile
4
lipase
*P51854A0424* 15
EA
2018_Jun_P1_Q7
7 All living cells contain enzymes.

(a) Describe the role of enzymes in cells.

(2)
.................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .
.................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .
.................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .
.................................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .
(b) The table lists some enzymes, where they are produced and their function.
Complete the table by giving the missing information.
(5)
Enzyme Where produced Function
amylase salivary gland

protease
bacteria cutting DNA at certain points
ligase cell nucleus
(c) Explain how changes in temperature affect the activity of an enzyme.

(4)
.................................... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

.................................... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.................................... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.................................... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.................................... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.................................... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.................................... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.................................... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.................................... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
O NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
18
*P52576A01832*
.................................... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.................................... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
.................................... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(Total for Question 7 = 11 marks) 16

2018_Jun_p1Q10
10 The diagram shows a nephron from a human kidney.

D
F
A
B

(a) Name the structures labelled A, B, C and D.
(4)
A ................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
B ............................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .
C ................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... ............... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .
D ............................................................................................................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .
(b) The nephron produces urine that flows out of tube A to the bladder.
Explain how changes in the composition of this liquid are brought about
when a person is dehydrated (short of water).

(6)

.......................................... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .
.......................................... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .
.......................................... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .
.......................................... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .
.......................................... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .
.......................................... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .
.......................................... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .
.......................................... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .
28
*P52576A02832*
.......................................... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .
.......................................... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .
.......................................... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .
18
.......................................... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .
.......................................... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .
2016_Jun_P1BRQ6
6 (a) The diagram shows a kidney nephron with parts labelled A, B and C.
B
A
Complete the table by giving the letter of the part where each event takes place.
(2)
Event Letter
ultrafiltration
glucose reabsorption
(b) The photograph shows a flower called a dandelion.
If a person picks this flower and then licks their fingers, they will want to urinate.
This is because the plant produces a chemical called a diuretic that affects the
regulation of the water content of the blood.
Suggest how this diuretic causes more urine to be produced.
(5)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ............................................................................................................................................ .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ............................................................................................................................................ .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ............................................................................................................................................ .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ............................................................................................................................................ .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ............................................................................................................................................ .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2018_Jun_p1Q11
11 Human lungs and plant leaves both contain gas exchange surfaces.
These gas exchange surfaces have a number of features in common.

(a) The diagram shows a cross-section through human lung tissue.

Explain, with reference to features shown in the diagram, how lung tissue enables
efficient gas exchange.
(4)
.... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . .... ... ... ...... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... ...... ... ... .. .. . .. .. . ..
.... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . .... ... ... ...... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... ...... ... ... .. .. . .. .. . ..
.... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . .... ... ... ...... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... ...... ... ... .. .. . .. .. . ..
.... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . .... ... ... ...... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... ...... ... ... .. .. . .. .. . ..
.... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . .... ... ... ...... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... ...... ... ... .. .. . .. .. . ..

.... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . .... ... ... ...... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... ...... ... ... .. .. . .. .. . ..
(b) Explain how the structure of a leaf is adapted for efficient gas exchange.
.... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . .... ... ... ...... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... ...... ... ... .. .. . .. .. . ..
(4)
.... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... ..... .... . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . .... ... ... ...... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... .... ... ... ...... ... ... .. .. . .. .. . ..
.......................... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .
.......................... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .
.......................... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .
.......................... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .
.......................... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .
30.......................... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .
*P52576A03032*
.......................... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .
.......................... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .
19
.......................... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .
IS AREA
DO NOT W
.......................... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .
Answer ALL questions.
1 The diagram shows part of the human breathing system. 2017_Jun_P1_Q1

A

(a) (i) Name the structures labelled A, B, and C.
(b) Describe how ventilation of the lungs occurs when a person breathes in.
(3)
(4)
A ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
. . . . . . . . . ....................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......................................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
B ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
. . . . . . . . . ....................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......................................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
C ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
. . . . . . . . . ....................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......................................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Suggest why the lung structure is sometimes referred to as a tree.

. . . . . . . . . ....................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......................................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(1)
. . . . . . . . . ....................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......................................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................ .......................................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(b) Describe how ventilation of the lungs occurs when a person breathes in.
. . . . . . . . . ....................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......................................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(4)
IN THIS AREA

. . . . . . . . . ....................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......................................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. ..... ..... ..... ..... .... ..... ... . .. .. . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . ....................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......................................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. ..... ..... ..... ..... .... ..... ... . .. .. . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . ....................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......................................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
AREA
. ..... ..... ..... ..... .... ..... ... . .. .. . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .

WRITE
. . . . . . . . . ....................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......................................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
THIS
. ..... ..... ..... ..... .... ..... ... . .. .. . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .

NOT
(c) Smoking cigarettes inside public buildings has been banned in many countries.
DO IN
. ..... ..... ..... ..... .... ..... ... . .. .. . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .

(i) Suggest why governments have banned smoking cigarettes inside
DO NOT WRITE
public buildings.
. ..... ..... ..... ..... .... ..... ... . .. .. . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .
(3)
. ..... ..... ..... ..... .... ..... ... . .. .. . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . ....................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......................................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. ..... ..... ..... ..... .... ..... ... . .. .. . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . .

2
*P48219A0232*
. . . . . . . . . ....................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......................................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. ..... ..... ..... ..... .... ..... ... . .. .. . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .

E IN THIS AREA
. . . . . . . . . ....................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......................................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. ..... ..... ..... ..... .... ..... ... . .. .. . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . ....................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......................................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
(c) Smoking cigarettes inside public buildings has been banned in many countries.
. . . . . . . . . ....................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......................................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
EA
(i) Suggest why governments have banned smoking cigarettes inside

2015_Jan_P1Q4
4 This warning appears on the side of a cigarette packet.
Smoking seriously damages your health

and those around you
(a) Describe how smoking damages the lungs.

(5)
. . . . . . . .................................... ... . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ........................................................................................................................................ . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .................................... ... . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ........................................................................................................................................ . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .................................... ... . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ........................................................................................................................................ . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .................................... ... . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ........................................................................................................................................ . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .................................... ... . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ........................................................................................................................................ . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .................................... ... . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ........................................................................................................................................ . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .................................... ... . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ........................................................................................................................................ . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .................................... ... . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ........................................................................................................................................ . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .................................... ... . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ........................................................................................................................................ . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(b) If a pregnant woman smokes cigarettes it will increase the risk of her producing a
. . . . . . . .................................... ... . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ........................................................................................................................................ . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
smaller baby. This is because cigarette smoke contains carbon monoxide.
. . . . . . . .................................... ... . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ........................................................................................................................................ . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Suggest how carbon monoxide will increase the risk of producing a smaller baby.
(3)
. . . . . . . .................................... ... . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ........................................................................................................................................ . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ......................................................................................................................................... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .................................... ... . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ........................................................................................................................................ . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ......................................................................................................................................... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .................................... ... . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ........................................................................................................................................ . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ......................................................................................................................................... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .................................... ... . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ........................................................................................................................................ . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ......................................................................................................................................... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ......................................................................................................................................... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ......................................................................................................................................... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ......................................................................................................................................... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ......................................................................................................................................... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. ......................................................................................................................................... . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
8 (Total for Question 4 = 8 marks)

*P44258A0832*
21
99 TThe diagram shows
h e diagram shows aa cell
cell from
from the
the human
human nervous system.

A

(a) (i) Name
(a) (i) Name the
the structure
structure labelled A.
(1)
. . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....................................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Name the

(ii) Name the structure
structure labelled B.
(1)
. . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....................................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(iii) Draw an
(iii) Draw an arrow
arrow on
on the
the diagram
diagram to
to show
show the direction of
the direction of aa nerve impulse.
(1)
(b) Describe
Describe the
the role
role of
of this neurone
neurone in
in aa simple
simple reflex arc.
(2)
. . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....................................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA
. . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....................................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....................................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....................................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....................................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....................................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
24
*P48219A02432* 22
(c) Nervous communication differs from hormonal communication.
State three ways that nervous communication differs from hormonal communication.
(3)
1 . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............. .............................................................................................................................. .............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............. ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............. ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............. .............................................................................................................................. .............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............. ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............. ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3 . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............. .............................................................................................................................. .............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............. ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .............. ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25
23
2016_Jun_P1Q1
1 The diagram shows an animal cell called a neurone.
direction of impulse
(a) Name the three structures found in a plant cell that are not found in a neurone.
(3)
1 ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
2 ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
3 ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
(b) Neurones are involved in the reflex arc that helps humans respond to stimuli.
The diagram shows a reflex arc with parts labelled A, B, C, D and E.
The arrows show the direction of the nerve impulse.
C
A
E
24
(i) Complete the table by naming each part of the reflex arc.
(4)
Part Name
B sensory neurone
(ii) There is a small gap between neurone B and neurone C.
What is the name of the small gaps between neurones?

(1)
. . . . . . . . ........................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............. ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(c) Nerve impulses can travel along neurones at 120 m/s.

The distance between the spinal cord and the foot of a human is 90 cm.
Calculate the time, in seconds, that it would take a nerve impulse to travel from
the spinal cord to the foot of this human.
Show your working.
(2)
time = .............................................................................. . seconds
25
2017_Jan_P1Q7
7 (a) A person touches a sharp pin.

The diagram shows the reflex arc involved in the response to this stimulus.
C D
cell body
sharp pin
muscle
(i) Name the parts labelled A, B, C and D.

(4)
A. . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ .............................. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
B . . . . . . ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ .............................. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .
C . . . . . . ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ .............................. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .
D . . . . . ...... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................................................ .. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
(ii) Explain how this reflex arc protects the body.

(2)
. . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......................................................................................................................................................................... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
. . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......................................................................................................................................................................... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
. . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......................................................................................................................................................................... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
(b) Reflexes in animals and phototropism in plants are both responses to stimuli.
. . . . . . . . . . ....... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ......................................................................................................................................................................... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..
(i) Give two similarities between the mechanisms involved in each response.
(2)
1 ............ ... .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. ... ............................................................................................................................................. ... ... ... ... .. ... ... ... ... .. ... ... ... ... .. ... ... .
................ ... .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. ... ........................................................................................................................................... .. ... ... ... ... .. ... ... ... ... . . ... ... ... ... .. ... ... .
................ ... .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. ... ........................................................................................................................................... .. ... ... ... ... .. ... ... ... ... . . ... ... ... ... .. ... ... .
2 ............ ... .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. ... ............................................................................................................................................. ... ... ... ... .. ... ... ... ... .. ... ... ... ... .. ... ... .
................ ... .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. .. ... .. .. ... .. .. ... ........................................................................................................................................... .. ... ... ... ... .. ... ... ... ... . . ... ... ... ... .. ... ... .
26
2014_Jun_P1Q12
11 (a) The human kidney acts as an organ of excretion and an organ of osmoregulation.
(i) What is meant by the term osmoregulation?
(1)
. . . . . . .. .. .. ............................. ... . ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ....................................................................................................................................... . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . .. .. .. ............................. ... . ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ....................................................................................................................................... . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Name one other organ in the human body that is an organ of excretion.
(1)
. . . . . . .. .. .. ............................. ... . ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ....................................................................................................................................... . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(b) The table shows the concentration of two substances in blood plasma and in urine.
Concentration of each substance

Substance in grams per 100 cm3
Blood plasma Urine
proteins 8.0 0.0
glucose 0.1 0.0
(i) Name one substance that is found in urine.

(1)
. . . . . . .. .. .. ............................. ... . ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ....................................................................................................................................... . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Explain how the kidney ensures that there is no protein in urine.
(3)
. . . . . . .. .. .. ............................. ... . ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ....................................................................................................................................... . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . .. .. .. ............................. ... . ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ....................................................................................................................................... . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . .. .. .. ............................. ... . ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ....................................................................................................................................... . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . .. .. .. ............................. ... . ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ....................................................................................................................................... . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . .. .. .. ............................. ... . ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ....................................................................................................................................... . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . .. .. .. ............................. ... . ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ....................................................................................................................................... . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(iii) Explain why the body does not excrete glucose and how this is achieved by
the kidney.
(3)
. . . . ........ .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. ...................................................................................................................................... . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . ........ .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. ...................................................................................................................................... . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . ........ .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. ...................................................................................................................................... . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
26
*P42862A02632*
. . . . ........ .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. ...................................................................................................................................... . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27
. . . . ........ .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. ...................................................................................................................................... . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2015_Jan_P1Q4
4 Arteries and veins are important blood vessels in the circulatory system.
(a) Describe two ways in which the structure of an artery differs from the structure of
a vein.
(2)
1 ................................... . ... . ........................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. .. .. .. .. .. ............................ . ... . ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 ................................... . ... . ........................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. .. .. .. .. .. ............................ . ... . ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(b) The diagram shows the human circulatory system.

The blood vessels are labelled with letters.
Head
N A
M B
Lungs
L Heart
K D
Liver
J
Intestines
I E
Kidney
Legs
H G
10
*P44248A01028* 28
(i) The table names some of the blood vessels in this circulatory system.
Complete the table by giving the letter for each blood vessel.
The first one has been done for you.
(4)
Name of blood vessel Letter
vena cava L or N
aorta
pulmonary vein
hepatic artery
renal vein
(ii) The plasma in the blood vessels can contain different concentrations of
substances.
Complete the table by giving the letter for the blood vessel that matches the
contents.
(3)
Contents of blood vessel Letter of blood vessel
contains the most glucose after a meal
contains the least urea
contains the least oxygen
11
29

2018-Jun_1BR_Q2
2 Blood is circulated through the body in blood vessels.

(a) The table lists some blood vessels.

Complete the table by naming an organ supplied with blood by each blood vessel.
(4)
Blood vessel Organ
hepatic artery
renal artery
pulmonary artery
hepatic portal vein

(b) A student uses this apparatus to compare the strength of arteries and veins.
hook
metal stand
ring of tissue
mass carrier
10 g masses
This is the student’s method.
• cut a cross-section from an artery and from a vein to make rings of tissue
• hang a ring of tissue from the hook
• add 10 g masses to the ring of tissue one at a time
• record the total mass at which the ring of tissue breaks
• repeat the method with the other ring of tissue
4
*P53273A0428*
30
2016_Jan_P1Q8
8 The diagram shows the heart and circulation system of a fish.
capillaries in gills (blood becomes oxygenated)
vessel A
⎧⎪ chamber X
heart ⎨
⎩⎪ chamber Y
vessel B
capillaries in body (blood becomes deoxygenated)
(a) The circulation system and heart structure of a fish have similarities and differences
to those of a human.
Use your knowledge of human circulation and heart structure to answer these questions.
(i) What type of blood vessel is vessel A?
(1)
. . . . . . . . .. .. .................................. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .......................................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) What type of heart chamber is chamber Y?

(1)
. . . . . . . . .. .. .................................. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .......................................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(iii) Describe how the structure of a fish heart differs from that of a human heart.
(3)
. . . . . . . . .. .. .................................. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .......................................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .. .. .................................. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .......................................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .. .. .................................. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .......................................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .. .. .................................. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .......................................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .. .. .................................. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .......................................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . .. .. .................................. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .......................................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
22 31
*P46800A02232*
(b) The concentrations of the gases in the blood leaving the fish heart are different from
the concentrations of the gases in the blood leaving the human heart in the aorta.
Explain the differences in the concentrations of gases.
(4)
. . . . . . . . . ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(c) Explain why the pressure of the blood returning to the fish heart is lower than the
pressure of the blood returning to the human heart.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . ... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ........................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
23
*P46800A02332* 32
Turn over
2015_Jan_P1Q2
2 The diagram shows a section through a rat. Some of the rat’s organs have been
labelled.
liver kidney
ureter
stomach
brain spinal cord
large
intestine
trachea
lung
pancreas anus
heart
oesophagus small bladder
intestine
(a) (i) What is meant by the term organ?

(1)
. . . . . . . . . . .................................... . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . .................................... . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Name the organ labelled in the diagram that is part of the circulation system.
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . .................................... . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(iii) Name three other systems shown in the diagram.

(3)
1 . . . . . . .................................... ....................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................ . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 . . . . . . .................................... ....................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................ . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3 . . . . . . .................................... ....................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................ . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(iv) Name a system that is not shown in the diagram.

(1)
. . . . . . . . . . .................................... . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
4
*P44258A0432*
33
(b) The table lists several processes that take place in the organs of a rat.
Complete the table by naming the correct organ for each process.
(5)
Process Organ
ultrafiltration
ventilation
insulin secretion
hydrochloric acid secretion
bile production
5
*P44258A0532* 34
Turn over
2016_Jun_P1Q4
(b) The sparrowhawk uses its eyes to see its prey. The photograph shows a
sparrowhawk’s eye.
(i) Name the parts labelled A and B.

(2)
A ........................... . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ...................................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
B ........................... . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..................................................................................................................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) The table describes other parts of the eye.
Complete the table by naming each part that is described.
(3)
Description Name of part of eye
the tough protective outer layer
the nerve from the eye to the brain
focuses light onto the retina

2016_Jun_P1Q8
8 (a) An experiment was carried out to look at the effect of exercise on heart rate.
The experimental results were collected from a group of children, both boys and girls.
The children’s heart rate was measured three times.
● at rest
● just before exercise (in anticipation of exercise)
● immediately after carrying out one minute of exercise
Heart rate in beats per minute
at rest just before exercise after exercise
Henry 72 76 87
Megan 116 120 175
Laura 79 84 96
David 97 99 100
John 90 93 176
Michael 67 75 132
Sarah 115 116 176
Claire 82 83 141
Rosanna 95 98 113
Rachel 82 87 136
Hattie 77 82 96
Rosie 105 110 153
Alex 79 82 90
Katheryn 99 102 152
Rebecca 82 89 156
Siobhan 87 94 170
Mark 82 94 128
Thomas 98 76 172
Lougie 80 92 132
Richard 95 115 141
Average (mean) 89 93
(i) Calculate the average (mean) for the student data after exercise.
Show your working.
(2)
average (mean) = ... .... .... .... .... .... ... .... .... .... .... .... ... .... .... .... .... .... .... ... ... beats per minute
(ii) Name the child with an anomalous result in the data for heart rate just before
exercise.
(1)
....... ............. ............ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... ... .... .... .... .... .... ... .... .... .... .... .... .... ... .... .... .... .... .... .... ... .... .... .... .... .... .... ... .... .... .... ... .... .... ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(iii) Suggest why the mean value of heart rate just before exercise is different to
the mean value at rest.
(2)
....... ............. ............ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... ... .... .... .... .... .... ... .... .... .... .... .... .... ... .... .... .... .... .... .... ... .... .... .... .... .... .... ... .... .... .... ... .... .... ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
....... ............. ............ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... ... .... .... .... .... .... ... .... .... .... .... .... .... ... .... .... .... .... .... .... ... .... .... .... .... .... .... ... .... .... .... ... .... .... ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
....... ............. ............ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .... ... .... .... .... .... .... ... .... .... .... .... .... .... ... .... .... .... .... .... .... ... .... .... .... .... .... .... ... .... .... .... ... .... .... ... .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(iv) Name two variables that should be controlled in this experiment.

(2)
1 ............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... .. .. .. .. .. .. ............................................................................................................................................. .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... .. .. .. .. .. .. ........................................................................................................................................... .. .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . .
2 ............................. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... .. .. .. .. .. .. ............................................................................................................................................. .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . .
................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... .. .. .. .. .. .. ........................................................................................................................................... .. .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . .
(b) Long distance runners and cyclists usually have a lower than average resting heart rate.
Suggest why a low heart rate has developed in these people.
(4)
. . . . . ........................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......... ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . ........................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......... ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . ........................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......... ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . ........................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......... ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . ........................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......... ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . ........................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......... ............................................................................................................................................ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2016_Jun_P1Q8
77 T The diagram shows
h e diagram shows the
the structure
structure of
of the
the human heart.
Side X
Side X S i d e Side Y
Structure
Structure C
Chamber
Chamber A
Chamber
Chamber B
(a) (i) Explain

(a) (i) Explain how
how you
you know
know that X is
that X is the
the right
right side
side of
of the heart.
(1)
(1
. ... ... ... .... ...... ...... ...... ...... ..... ..... . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . . .. .. .... ... ...... ... .... ... ... .... ... .... ... ... .... ... .... ... .... ... ... .... ... .... ... ... .... ... .... ... ... .... ... .... ... .... ... ... .... ... .... .. . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . ..
. ... ... ... .... ...... ...... ...... ...... ..... ..... . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . . .. .. .... ... ...... ... .... ... ... .... ... .... ... ... .... ... .... ... .... ... ... .... ... .... ... ... .... ... .... ... ... .... ... .... ... .... ... ... .... ... .... .. . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . ..
(ii) Give the

(ii) Give the name
name of
of chamber A.
(1)
(1
. ... ... ... .... ...... ...... ...... ...... ..... ..... . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . . .. .. .... ... ...... ... .... ... ... .... ... .... ... ... .... ... .... ... .... ... ... .... ... .... ... ... .... ... .... ... ... .... ... .... ... .... ... ... .... ... .... .. . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . ..
(iii) On the
(iii) On the diagram,
diagram, label
label the
the pulmonary artery.
(1)
(1
(iv) Explain the

(iv) Explain the difference
difference in
in the
the structure
structure of
of the
the walls
walls of
of chamber A and
chamber A and chamber B.
(2)
V
. ... ... ... .... ...... ...... ...... ...... ..... ..... . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . . .. .. .... ... ...... ... .... ... ... .... ... .... ... ... .... ... .... ... .... ... ... .... ... .... ... ... .... ... .... ... ... .... ... .... ... .... ... ... .... ... .... .. . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . ..
. ... ... ... .... ...... ...... ...... ...... ..... ..... . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . . .. .. .... ... ...... ... .... ... ... .... ... .... ... ... .... ... .... ... .... ... ... .... ... .... ... ... .... ... .... ... ... .... ... .... ... .... ... ... .... ... .... .. . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . ..
. ... ... ... .... ...... ...... ...... ...... ..... ..... . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . . .. .. .... ... ...... ... .... ... ... .... ... .... ... ... .... ... .... ... .... ... ... .... ... .... ... ... .... ... .... ... ... .... ... .... ... .... ... ... .... ... .... .. . . .. . .. . .. .. . .. . .. . ..
(b) (i) Give the name of structure C.
(1)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ............................................................................................................................................. ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(ii) Describe the function of structure C.

(1)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ............................................................................................................................................. ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ............................................................................................................................................. ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ............................................................................................................................................. ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(c) Sometimes a baby is born with a hole between chambers A and B.

Suggest the effects that this condition may have on the baby.
(3)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ............................................................................................................................................. ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ............................................................................................................................................. ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ............................................................................................................................................. ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ............................................................................................................................................. ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ............................................................................................................................................. ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
(d) A student wants to investigate the effect of exercise on heart rate.

(i) Describe how the student could measure heart rate.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .
. . . . . . . . . . . . .................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .
(ii) Explain how the student could ensure that the results obtained would allow a
valid comparison to be made.
(2)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . ................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............................................................................................................................................ .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Section 2 Animal Physiology

Încărcat de

Informații document

Descriere originală:

Drepturi de autor

Formate disponibile

Partajați acest document

Partajați sau inserați document

Opțiuni de partajare

Vi se pare util acest document?

Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Section 2 Animal Physiology

Încărcat de

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

Section 2: Animal Physiology

mass of farmed fish = ............................................................................... million tonnes

Place where protein molecule

haemoglobin red blood cells

digest starch salivary gland

binds to antigens on pathogens

(Total for Question 2 = 15 marks)

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA

substances Visking tubing bag

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA

Solutions in bag Starch present in water Glucose present in water

starch and glucose

starch and maltase

starch and boiled amylase

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA

5 (a) A student is given two samples of carbohydrates.

(b) Different groups of organism store carbohydrate as different molecules.

Molecule used to store

(Total for Question 5 = 8 marks)

2 A student adds oil (lipid) to water.

Solution added Diagram

The diagram shows one of these structures.

(i) Name this structure.

(ii) Explain how this structure is adapted to absorb glucose.

3 A student investigates the effect of temperature on the rate of starch digestion by

first well after one minute

(ii) Name the independent variable that the student is investigating.

(ii) Explain the difference in the appearance of the results.

(Total for Question 3 = 15 marks)

Enzyme involved in Small food molecule

(Total for Question 8 = 8 marks)

Name of process Description of process

food enters the mouth

small food molecules are used to build large molecules

(b) Describe the process of digestion in the mouth.

Colour seen after adding

Colour seen after adding

B Benedict’s brick red

The student concluded that both samples of food contained carbohydrates.

(Total for Question 1 = 10 marks)

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA

Component Function of component

vitamin D bone growth

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA

(b) Describe a test to show that the meal contains glucose.

(c) The meal also contains lipids and proteins.

Complete the table by naming an organ that produces each substance.

7 All living cells contain enzymes.

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA

Enzyme Where produced Function

amylase salivary gland

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA

bacteria cutting DNA at certain points

ligase cell nucleus

(c) Explain how changes in temperature affect the activity of an enzyme.

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA

(Total for Question 7 = 11 marks) 16

10 The diagram shows a nephron from a human kidney.

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA

DO NOT WRITE IN THIS AREA