Back Muscles Origin Insertion Action Nerve

Upper: Elevation Spinal Accessory (CN

Nuchal Line, Ext. occipital
Trapezius protuberance, nuchal ligament,
and spinous process of T7-12
Spinous Processes of T7-T12,
Latissimus Dorsi thoracolumbar fascia, iliac
crest, and inferior 3 or 4 ribs
Levator Scapulae Transverse Process of C1-C4
Minor: Nuchal Ligament and
Rhomboid minor spinous processes of C7 & T1
Medial Border of Scapula
and major Major: spinous
processes of T2-T5
Nuchal Ligament and spinous
Splenius Capitis
processes of C7-T4
Lateral 1/3 of clavicle, XI) and Cervical Nerves
Middle: Retraction
acromion, and spine of (C3-
Lower: Depression
scapula
Upper & Lower: Int Rot C4)
Thoracodorsal Nerve
Bicipital Groove of Extends, adducts, and
humerus internally rotates UE
(C6-C8)
Dorsal Scapular (C5)
Superior part of Medial and Cervical Nerves
Elevation
Border (Superior Angle)
(C3-C4)
Dorsal Scapular Nerve
Retraction
(C4-C5)
Unilateral: ipsilateral
Mastoid Process and
flexion and rotation Posterior Rami of Spinal
Lateral 1/3 of superior
Bilateral: extension of Nerves
nuchal line
head and neck

Sternal head: manubrium Unilateral: ipsilaterally

of sternum flexes neck & rotates sup. Spinal Accessory
SCM Mastoid Process
Clavicular head: sup. Med. Toward opposite side (CN XI)
1/3 of clavicle Bilateral:cervical flexion

C-spine nerves
Anterior Scalene Transverse Process of C4-C6 1st Rib Cervical flexion
(C4-C6)
Lateral Flexion; elevate 1st Anterior Rami of cervical
Middle Scalene Transverse Process of C2-C6 1st Rib
rib spinal nerves
Lateral Flexion; elevate 2 nd Anterior Rami
Posterior Scalene Transverse Process of C2-C7 2nd Rib
rib (C4-C8)
 Anterior tubercle of C1 vertebra Bodies of C5-T3
Unilateral: rotation to
(atlas); bodies of C1-C3 and vertebrae; transverse
Longus Colli opposite side Bilateral: Anterior rami of C2-C6
transverse processes of C3-C6 processes of C3-C5
Flexes neck
vertebrae vertebrae

Anterior tubercles of C3-

Longus Capitis Basilar part of occipital bone Flexes neck Anterior rami of C1-C3
C6 transverse processes

Capitis: posterior mastoid

Extend Vertebral Column
process Cervicis: Posterior Rami of Spinal
Longissimus Transverse Process of T1-T5 Capitis: turns face
transverse processes of Nerves
ipsilaterally
C2-C6
Capitis: Superior nuchal
line of occipital bone Unilateral: contralateral
Posterior Rami of Spinal
Semispinalis Transverse Process of C4-T5 Cervicis: spinous rotation Bilateral:
Nerves
processes of cervical extend head and neck
vertebrae
Transverse Processes of T1-T3 Spinous Processes of 2-4
Multifidus of Stabilizes during local Posterior Rami of Spinal
and Articular Processes of C4- segments inferior to
Cervical Region movements Nerves
C7 attachment
Stabilize, assist with local Posterior Rami of Spinal
Rotatores Transverse Processes Junction of Lamina
ext. and rot. movements Nerves
Capitis: Mastoid Process Unilateral: Ipsilateral Side
and Lateral 1/3 of superior Bend
Nuchal Ligament and spinous Posterior Rami of Spinal
Splenius nuchal line Bilateral:
processes of C7-T4 Nerves
Cervicis: Transverse Extension of Head and
processes of C1-T4 Neck

Broad tendon from Iliac Crest,
sacrum, sacral and inferior
Erector Spinae
lumbar spinous processes, and thoracic & cervical regions, &
supraspinous ligament
Semispinalis: arises from
thoracic and cervical transverse
processes Multifidus: sacrum,
ilium, transverse processes of
Transversospinalis
T1-T5 and articular processes
of C4-C7 Rotatores: transverse
processes of vertebrae
(thoracic)
Serratus Posterior Nuchal Ligament, spinous
Superior processes of C7-T3
Serratus Posterior
Spinous Processes of T11-L2
Inferior
Illiocostalis (lumborum,
thoracis, & cervicis):
superiorly to ribs & cervical
transverse processes
Longissimus (thoracis,
cervicis, and capitis):
superiorly to ribs and Unilateral: Ipsilateral Side
Posterior Rami of Spinal
transverse processes in Bend
Nerves
Bilateral: Extension
mastoid process
Spinalis (thoracis,
cervicis, and capitis):
superiorly to spinous
processes in the upper
thoracic and to skull
Semispinalis:
superomedially to occipital
bone and spinous
processes in thoracic and
Unilateral: contralateral
cervical, spans 4-6
rotation
segments Multifidus:
Posterior Rami of Spinal
superomedially to spinous
Bilateral: Extension, Nerves
processes, spans 2-4
stabilizes during local
segments
extension and rotation
Rotatores: superomedially
to lamina & transverse
processes, spans 1-2
segments
2nd – 5th intercostal
2nd - 4th ribs Elevates Ribs
nerves
Anterior Rami and
Thoracic spinal nerves
8 - 12 ribs
th th
Depresses Ribs
(T9-T12)
Chst, Shldr. &
Origin Insertion Action Nerve
Upper Arm
Clavicular: medial clavicle
Sternocostal: sternal & AD-ducts and Internally Lateral and Medial
Pectoralis Major Greater Tubercle Pectoral
costal cartilage Rotates Humerus (C5-T1)
ABs: ext. oblique
Stabilizes scapula by Medial Pectoral (C8-
Pectoralis Minor 3rd to 5th Ribs Coracoid Process
drawing it inferiorly T1)

Anchors and Depresses Nerve to Subclavius

Subclavius 1st Rib Clavicle
Clavicle (C5-C6)

Anterior: Flex. & Int. Rot.

Clavicle, Acromion, & Spine of Axillary Nerve
Deltoid Deltoid Tuberosity Middle: Abduction
Scapula (C5-C6)
Post.: Ext. & Ext. Rot.
Ant. Surface of Medial Long Thoracic
Serratus Anterior 1st to 8th /9th Ribs Protracts Scapula
Border of Scapula (C5-C7)

Supraspinatus Supraspinous Fossa Greater Tubercle AB-duction Suprascapular (C4-

C6)

Infraspinatus Infraspinous Fossa Greater Tubercle Exernal Rotation Suprascapular (C5-

C6)

Teres Minor Lateral Border of Scapula Greater Tubercle Exernal Rotation Axillary
(C5-C6)

Upper and lower

Subscapularis Subscapular Fossa Lesser Tubercle Int. Rot. and AD-duction Subscapular
(C5-C7)

Lower Subscapular
Teres Major Post. Surface of Inf. Angle Lesser Tubercle Int. Rot. and AD-duction
(C5-C6)
Short: Coracoid Process
Elbow Flexion and Musculocutaneous
Biceps Brachii Long: Supraglenoid Tuberosity of Radius
Supinates Forearm (C5-C7)
Tubercle
Musculocutaneous
Brachialis Distal Half of Humerus Coronoid Process Elbow Flexion
Musculocutaneous
Coracobrachialis Coracoid Process Medial Humerus Shoulder Flex. and ADD
Long Head: Infraglenoid Elbow Extension; Long
Triceps Brachii Tubercle Olecranon Head stabilizes ABD Radial
(C6-C8)
Lat. & Med.: Post. Humerus shoulder
 Anconeus Lateral Epicondyle Posterior Ulna Assists in Elbow Ext. Radial
(C7, C8, T1)

Ext. Muscles of
Origin Insertion Action Nerve
Forearm
Supraepicondylar ridge of Radial
Brachioradialis Distal End of Radius Elbow Flexion
humerus (C5-C7)
Extensor Carpi Supraepicondylar ridge of Radial
2nd Metacarpal Extend and AB-duct hand
Radialis Longus humerus (C6-C7)
Extensor Carpi Radial
Lateral Epicondyle 3rd Metacarpal Extend and AB-duct hand
Radialis Brevis (C7-C8)
Extends medial 4 digits at Radial
Extensor Expansions of
Extensor Digitorum Lateral Epicondyle MCP joints, extends hand
Medial 4 digits (C7-C8)
at wrist
Extensor Digiti Extensor Expansions of 5th Extends 5th digit at MCP Radial
Lateral Epicondyle
Minimi digits and IP joints (C7-C8)
Extensor Carpi Lateral Epicondyle & Posterior Extends and AD-ducts Radial
Base of 5th Metacarpal
Ulnaris Border of Ulna hand at wrist joint (C7-C8)
Lateral Epicondyle and Radial
Supinator Proximal 3rd of Radius Supinates Forearm
Supinator Fossa (C7-C8)
AB-ducts thumb and Radial
AB-ductor Pollicis
Posterior Ulna and Radius Base of 1st Metacarpal extends it at
Longus (C7-C8)
carpometacarpal joint

Extensor Pollicis Base of Proximal Phalanx Extends Proximal Phalanx Radial

Posterior Radius
Brevis of Thumb of thumb at MCP joint (C7-C8)

Extends distal phalanx of Radial

Extensor Pollicis Base of Distal Phalanx of
Posterior Ulna thumb at MCP and IP
Longus Thumb (C7-C8)
joints
Extensor Expansion of 2nd Radial
Extensor Indicis Posterior Ulna Extends 2nd Digit
Digit (C7-C8)
Flex. Muscles of
Origin Insertion Action Nerve
Forearm
Median
Pronator Teres Medial Epicondyle of Humerus Lateral Surface of Radius Pronates Forearm
(C6-C7)
Flexor Carpi Flexes Wrist and Abducts Median
Medial Epicondyle of Humerus Base of 2nd Metacarpal
Radialis hand (C6-C7)
Flexor Retinaculum and Median
Palmaris Longus Medial Epicondyle of Humerus Flexes Wrist
Palmar Aponeurosis (C7-C8)
Humeral Head: Medial Ulnar
Pisiform, Hook of Hamate, Flexes Wrist and Adducts
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Epicondyle
Ulnar Head: Olecranon
and 5th Metacarpal hand (C7-C8)

Medial Epicondyle, UCL, Median

Flexor Digitorum Middle Phalanges of Flexes PIPs, MCPs, and
coronoid process, Anterior
Superficialis Medial 4 digits hand (C7, C8, T1)
border of Radius
Flexor Digitorum Medial and Anterior Surface of Flexes DIPs and assists Ulnar and Median
Bases of distal Phalanges
Profundus Ulna with wrist flexion (C8-T1)
Flexor Pollicis Flexes Phalanges of Median
Radius Distal Phalanx of Thumb
Longus Thumb (C8-T1)
Distal Anterior Surface of Median
Pronator Quadratus Distal Ulna Pronates Forearm
Radius (C8-T1)
 Intrensic Hand Origin Insertion Action Nerve
AB-ductor Pollicis Lateral Side of Proximal Median
Scaphoid and Trapezium AB-ducts Thumb
Brevis Phalanx (C8-T1)
Flexor Pollicis Lateral Side of Proximal Median
Tubercle of Trapezium Flexes Thumb
Brevis Phalanx (C8-T1)
Median
Opponens Pollicis Tubercle of Trapezium 1st Metacarpal Opposes Thumb
(C8-T1)

Oblique Head: 2nd & 3rd

Metacarpals, Capitate, & Ulnar
AD-ductor Pollicis Proximal Phalanx AD-ducts Thumb
Adjacent Carpals Transverse (C8-T1)
Head: 3rd Metacarpal

AB-ductor Digiti Proximal Phalanx of 5th Ulnar

Pisiform AB-ducts Digit 5
Minimi Digit (C8-T1)
Flexor Digiti Minimi Flexes Proximal Phalanx Ulnar
Hook of Hamate 5th Metacarpal
Brevis of Digit 5 (C8-T1)
Opponens Digiti Draws 5th Metacarpal Ulnar
Hook of Hamate 5th Metacarpal
Minimi Anteriorly and Rotates it (C8-T1)

Lateral 2 Tendons of Flexor Lateral Sides of Extensor Flexes digits @ MCP joints Median
Lumbricals 1 & 2
Digitorum Profundus Expansions of Digits 2-5 and extends IP joints (C8-T1)

Medial 3 Tendons of Flexor Lateral Sides of Extensor Flexes digits @ MCP joints Ulnar
Lumbricals 3 & 4
Digitorum Profundus Expansions of Digits 2-5 and extends IP joints (C8-T1)
Extensor Expansions & Ulnar
Dorsal Interossei 1-
Adjacent sides of 2 Metacarpals Bases of Proximal AB-ducts digits 2-5
4
Phalanges of digits 2-4 (C8-T1)
 Extensor Expansions & Ulnar
Palmar Interossei 1- Palmar Surface of 2nd , 4th , & 5th
Bases of Proximal AD-ducts digits 2, 4, & 5
3 Metacarpals
Phalanges of 2, 4, & 5 (C8-T1)

Abdominals Origin Insertion Action Nerve

Linea alba, pubic tubercle, Thoracoabdominal
External Oblique External surface of 5th-12th ribs and anterior half of iliac Flexes and rotates trunk
(T7-T11)
crest

Thoracolumbar fascia, anterior Inferior border of 10th-12th Thoracoabdominal

Internal Oblique Flexes and rotates trunk
2/3 of iliac crest ribs and linea alba (T7-T11)

7th-12th costal cartilages, Linea alba with aponeurosis Thoracoabdominal

Transverse
thoracolumbar fascia, iliac of internal oblique, and pubic assists with trunk flexion
Abdominis crest (T7-T11)
crest, and inguinal ligament

Pubic symphysis and pubic Flexes trunk, stabilizes, Thoracoabdominal and

Rectus Abdominis Xiphoid Process
crest and controls tilt of pelvis Anterior rami
Ant._Upper_LE Origin Insertion Action Innervation
Pectineal line, inf. to lesser Hip ADD-uction, flexion, Femoral Nerve
Pectineus Superior ramus of pubis
trochanter and IR (L2-L3)
Lat. aspect of T12-L5, Anterior Rami of
Psoas Major Transverse processes of Lesser Trochanter Hip Flexion
L1-L3
Lumbar Vertebrae
Anterior Rami of
Psoas Minor Lat. aspect of T12-L1 and IVD Pectineal line Hip Flexion
L1-L2
Iliac Crest, iliac fossa, Ant. Tendon of Psoas Major Femoral Nerve
Iliacus Hip Flexion
Sacro-Iliac Ligament and Lesser Trochanter (L2-L3)
AIIS and Ilium superior to Patella and Patellar Lig. Extends Knee; assists in Femoral Nerve
Rectus Femoris
acetabulum To Tibial Tuberosity hip flexion and stability (L2-L4)
Flexes, AB-ducts, and ER Femoral Nerve
Sartorius ASIS Medial Tibia
Hip; Flexes Knee (L2-L4)
Greater trochanter and lateral Patella and Patellar Lig. Femoral Nerve
Vastus Lateralis Extends Knee
lip of linea aspera To Tibial Tuberosity (L2-L4)
Intertrochanteric line and Patella and Patellar Lig. Femoral Nerve
Vastus Medialis Extends Knee
medial lip of linea aspera To Tibial Tuberosity (L2-L4)
Anterior and lateral surface of Patella and Patellar Lig. Femoral Nerve
Vastus Intermedius Extends Knee
femur To Tibial Tuberosity (L2-L4)
Body of Pubis and inferior pubic Obturator Nerve
Adductor Brevis Pectineal line Hip ADDuction
ramus (L2-L4)
Obturator Nerve
Adductor Longus Body of Pubis Linea Aspera of Femur Hip ADDuction
(L2-L4)
 ADDuctor part:
Gluteal tub., linea aspera, Obturator Nerve
Inferior Pubic Ramus, Ramus of med. supracondylar line, Hip ADDuction; Adductor Hamstring part: Tibial
Adductor Magnus
ischium, and ischial tuberosity and adductor tubercle of part also flexes thigh part of Sciatic
femur
(L2-L4)

Ant.&Lat Lower
Origin Insertion Action Innervation
LE
Lateral Condyle and Lateral Medial Cuneiform and Dorsiflexes ankle and Deep Fibular
Tibialis Anterior
surface of Tibia Base of 1st Metatarsal assists with Inversion (L4-L5)

Extensor Digitorum Lateral Condyle of Tibia and Middle and Distal Extends Digits 2-5 and Deep Fibular
Longus Interosseous Membrane Phalanges of Digits 2-5 assists with Dorsiflexion (L4-L5)

Extensor Hallucis Ant. Surface of Fibula and
Longus Interosseous Membrane
Ant. surface of Fibula and
Fibularis Tertius
Interosseous membrane
Fibularis Brevis Lateral Surface of Fibula
Base of 1st Metatarsal and Evert foot and assist with Superficial Fibular
Fibularis Longus Head of Fibula
Distal Phalanx of Great Extends Great toe and Deep Fibular
Toe assists with Dorsiflexion (L4-L5)
Dorsiflexes ankle and Deep Fibular
Base of 5th Metatarsal
assists with Eversion (L4-L5)
Tuberosity of 5th Evert foot and assist with Superficial Fibular
Metatarsal plantarflexion (L5, S1, and S2)
medial cuneiform plantarflexion (L5, S1, and S2)
 Post. Hip Origin Insertion Action Innervation
Ilium, sacrum, coccyx, and Hip Extension and assists Inferior Gluteal
Gluteus Maximus IT Band
sacrotuberous ligament in ER (L5-S2)

Gluteus Medius External surface of ilium, gluteal Superior Gluteal

Greater Trochanter Hip ABduction and IR
(Trendelenburg) lines, and gluteal fascia (L5-S1)

Superior Gluteal
Gluteus Minimus Ilium Greater Trochanter Hip ABduction and IR
(L5-S1)
Tensor Fasciae IT Band that attaches to Hip AB-duction, IR, and Superior Gluteal
ASIS & Ant. Iliac Crest
Latae Lat. Tibial Condyle Flexion (L5-S1)
ER of Extended Thigh and Anterior Rami
Anterior surface of sacrum and
Piriformis Greater Trochanter AB-duction of Flexed
sacrotuberous ligament (S1-S2)
Thigh
Nerve to Obturator
ER Extended Thigh and Internus; Nerve to
Superior Gemellus Ischial Spine Greater Trochanter
AB-duct Flexed Thigh quadratus Femoris
(L5-S1)
Nerve to Obturator
Internus; Nerve to
ER Extended Thigh and quadratus Femoris
Obturator Internus Obturator Membrane Greater Trochanter
AB-duct Flexed Thigh (L5-
S1)
Nerve to Obturator
ER Extended Thigh and Internus; Nerve to
Inferior Gemellus Ischial Tuberosity Greater Trochanter quadratus Femoris
AB-duct Flexed Thigh
(L5-S1)
 Nerve to Obturator
Internus; Nerve to
Quadratus Femoris Ischial Tuberosity Quadrate Tubercle External Rotation quadratus Femoris
(L5-S1)
Trochanteric fossa of Obturator Nerve
Obturator Externus Obturator Foramen Hip External Rotation
femur (L3-L4)

Post. Upper LE Origin Insertion Action Innervation

Long Head: Tibial
division of sciatic nerve
Head of Fibula; Fibular Knee Flexion and Internal Short Head: Common
Long Head: Ischial Tuberosity
Biceps Femoris (Lateral) Collateral Rotation; Hip extension Peroneal (Fibular)
Short Head: Linea Aspera
Ligament when initiating gait division of Sciatic
(L5-S2)
Hip ADDuction, Knee Obturator Nerve
Gracilis Body of Pubis Superior Tibia
flexion and IR (L2-L3)
Knee Flexion and IR; Tibial division of sciatic
Assists with Hip Ext.; can nerve
Semitendinosus Ischial Tuberosity Superior part of Tibia
extend trunk when hip and
knee are flexed (L5-S2)

Knee Flexion and IR; Tibial division of sciatic

Assists with Hip Ext.; can nerve
Semimembranosus Ischial Tuberosity Medial Condyle of Tibia
extend trunk when hip and
knee are flexed (L5-S2)
 Post.&Med.
Origin Insertion Action Innervation
Lower LE
Lateral condyle of femur and Unlocks fully extended Tibial Nerve
Popliteus Post. Surface of tibia
lateral meniscus knee (L4, L5, S1)

Lateral Head: Lateral Femoral Tibial Nerve

Calcaneus by the
Gastrocnemius Condyle Medial Head: Plantarflexion
Calcaneal Tendon (S1-S2)
Posterior surface of Femur

Posterior aspect of Head of Calcaneus by the Tibial Nerve

Soleus Plantarflexion
Fibula Calcaneal Tendon (S1-S2)

Supracondylar line of femur and Calcaneus by the Assists in plantarflexion Tibial Nerve
Plantaris
oblique popliteal ligament Calcaneal Tendon and knee flexion (S1-S2)

Navicular tuberosity, Tibial Nerve

Interosseous membrane, post. Plantarflexes ankle and
Tibialis Posterior cuneiform, cuboid and
tibia and post. fibula inverts foot (L4-L5)
bases of metatarsals 2-4
Flexor Digitorum Post. Surface of Tibia and base of distal phalanges of flexes lateral four digits Tibial Nerve
Longus broad tendon to fibula lateral four digits and plantarflexes ankle (S2-S3)
Flexes great toe at all Tibial Nerve
Flexor Hallucis Posterior Fibula and inferior Base of Distal Phalanx of
joints and plantarflexes
Longus part of interosseous membrane Great Toe (S2-S3)
ankle
 Intrensic Foot Origin Insertion Action Innervation
Tuberosity of calcaneus, Flexor Medial side of base of Medial Plantar
AB-ductor Hallucis retinaculum, and plantar proximal phalanx of 1st AB-ducts and Flexes
(S2-S3)
aponeurosis Digit
Flexor Digitorum Tuberosity of calcaneus and Both sides of middle Medial Plantar
Flexes Digits 2-5
Brevis plantar aponeurosis phalanges of digits 2-5 (S2-S3)
Lateral side of base of Lateral Plantar
AB-ductor Digiti Tuberosity of calcaneus and
proximal phalanx of 5th AB-ducts and Flexes
Minimi plantar aponeurosis (S2-S3)
digit
Tendon of Flexor Assists FDL in flexing Lateral Plantar
Quadratus Plantae Plantar side of calcaneus
Digitorum Longus Digits 2-5 (S2-S3)
Flex proximal phalanges Medial and Lateral
Medial aspect of extensor and extend middle and Plantar
Lumbricals Tendons of FDL
expansion distal phalanges of digits
(S2-S3)
2-5
both sides of proximal Flexes proximal phalanx of Medial Plantar
Flexor Hallucis Cuboid and Lateral Cuneiforms
phalanx of 1st digit 1st digit (S2-S3)
Lateral side of base of Lateral Plantar
Base of Metatarsals 2-4 and
AD-ductor Hallucis proximal phalanx of 1st Adducts 1st Digit
plantar ligaments of MTP joints (S2-S3)
digit
Base of Proximal Phalanx Flexes proximal phalanx of Lateral Plantar
Flexor Digiti Minimi Base of 5th Metatarsal
of 5th digit 5th digit (S2-S3)
 Medial side of base of Lateral Plantar
Plantar Interossei Base and Medial side of AD-ducts digits 3-5 and
proximal phalanx of digits
(PAD) Metatarsals 3-5 flexes MTP joints (S2-S3)
3-5
1st : Medial side of
Dorsal Interossei Adjacent sides of metatarsals 1- proximal phalanx of 2nd AB-ducts digits 2-4 and Lateral Plantar
(DAB) 5 digit 2-4: lateral side of flexes MTP joints (S2-S3)
digits 2-4