OPTIMIZATION ON CLEAN WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM IN THE

REGION III TELKO UNIVERSITY WITH THE METHOD OF CFD

(COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS)
Agus Kusnayat
Prodi S1 Teknik Industri, Fakultas Rekayasa Industri, Universitas Telkom
Audrey Rahmanti Unadi
Prodi S1 Teknik Industri, Fakultas Rekayasa Industri, Universitas Telkom
Fahreza Fadhil Hakeki
Prodi S1 Teknik Industri, Fakultas Rekayasa Industri, Universitas Telkom

Abstrak
Clean water is a necessity of every human in the world. To fullfill the needs of clean water so
good water distribution system is absolutely necessary. In drain water required support
equipment for one of them is the pipeline. To distribute clean water through the pipes required
also support tools i.e. pump. In analyzing pipeline required a method of simulating one is CFD
(Computational Fluid Dynamic). CFD simulation of the method to is to analyze the headloss
and also discharge water after a network change on the pipeline. WaterCAD software is one of
the software that supports the CFD simulation method that serves to make a model of a water
distribution network. From this research brings about an increase in the diameter of the pipe
can raise the average water debit entry to the rooftank, declining average headloss pipe, and
manage the water pump operating time.
Keywords: Water, water distribution, pipelines, pumps, headloss, WaterCAD.

I. Introduction that occur every day, have some areas

Clean water for human needs is
essential in the use to living the daily life.
In the industrial sector had predicted that
needs clean water will continue to increase.
Factors of urbanization and sanitary water
systems will also experience increased and
its effect on high needs clean water
(WWAP, 2017). Distribution of water in
Telkom University support the activities
namely regions I, II, and III. In this study
only the water distribution system will be
discussing on the region III area which
spans dormitory student dormitory building
that is 1-12 and A-F with a total number of
his buildings namely building 18. There are
2 point distributing clean water or with
Ground Water tanks (GWT 1) at the dorm
putri serta (GWT 2) di bagian asrama putra
(Sendra, 2018).
Figure 1. 1 Distribution map of the water Region III
(Handayani dkk. 2017)
Based on Figure 1.1 looks hands
down each of the GWT in the region III.
The needs of each region against clean
water. These are the needs of clean water on
the region III.
Table 1. 1 Clean water needs in the region III (Telkom
Property, 2017)
Based on the table above are
obtained that needs clean water for building
a dormitory A-E is 150,400 litres/day and
for the needs of clean water in dormitory
buildings F and 1-12 is 391,040 liters/day,
with the total number of clean water needs
in the region III Telkom University was as
much as 541,440 litres/day. So in planning,
designing, and managing a complex
pipeline systems must be done well and
efficiently (Al-amin, 2011). Evaluation to
make design improvements made to
increase the performance of clean water
distribution network, where the evaluation
in the form of an analysis of the pressure on
the nodes as well as the head loss along the
pipe in water distribution network (Zhang
et al, 2015 ). On the pipeline will be
subjected to a pressure loss (head loss)
when the flow of water passing through the
connection pipe, the arch (elbow) pipe,
valves, and other pipeline components
(Waspodo, 2017).
Clean water distribution system in
the area of Telkom University has 6 pumps
are used to distribute water from the
groundstank to the rooftank at each
building. Here are the water pump
operating time data from groundtank to the
rooftank for GWT and GWT 1 2.
Tabel 1. 2 GWT Pump operating time table 1
Tabel 1. 3 GWT Pump operating time table 2
 Based on the table above are
obtained that GWT 1 pump 1 operating
time is 4.13 hours/day and pump 2
operating time is the same 4.13 hours/day.
Then for GWT 2 pump 1 i.e. 5.26
minutes/day, pump 2 i.e. 3.73 hours/day,
i.e., 2.13 3 pump hour/day, and pump 4 i.e.
3.36 hours/day. Water pump operating time
can be mempeangaruhi for the payment of
electricity, with estimated GWT 1 i.e. Rp
2,283,000 and Rp 5,357,056 IE 2 GWT.
Computational fluid dynamics
(CFD) is a method that can help resolve
problems related predictions and analysis of
fluid dynamics including hydraulic analysis
using the kompitasi equation of fluid
visualization and analysis results (Arbat
dkk, 2011). The use of CFD methods,
namely analyzing the pressure drop is
experienced on the fluid flow in pipelines,
the difference with a prediction of alphabets
experiment results of less than 6% (Singh et
al, 2017). This research used the
WaterCAD software to analyze a water
distribution network ususlan to expect
better from the previous network state
(Sedrak dkk, 2018). On this research will do
a hydraulic analysis such as pressure, water
discharge, and headloss experienced water
distribution network in the region III
Telkom University. Done simulations to
analyze the changes applied to the pipeline
are expected to get the proposal to improve
the efficiency of water pump operating time
on clean water distribution network in the
region III Telkom University.
II. Literature Review
2.1 Clean Water Distribution System
To distribute water to all areas of
service require clean water distribution
system. In pengoprasiannya because it is
directly related to the user then the system
should be optimized (Gifts, 2013). In
distributing the water method used depends
on the source of the water by the condition
used as well as the position of the buildings
to be distributed clean water (Solanki,
2016). Method of water distribution system
that is commonly used is the method of
gravity, pumping Method, and combined
Methods.
Clean water distribution in the
region III area is the University Telkom
which contains buildings that are included
into the building of the middle rise or high
rise. On the building of the middle rise or
high rise common facilities there are two
frequently used system (Pynkyawati and
Wahadamaputera, 2015). Both systems are
commonly used Up Feed System and Down
the Feed System. Up the Feed System is the
application of this system need to pay
attention to the power of the pumps are used
because the distribution of water into each
floor rely solely on the power of the pump
only.

Figure 2. 1 Water distribution up feed system
Down the Feed System is the
system of ground water tank be drained
with the help of the pump push it to fit in
the upper tank. Next for distribution to each
floor from upper tank using gravity method.
Figure 2. 2 Distribution of water Down the Feed System
2.2 CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics)
Computational Fluid Dynamics
(CFD) is a methodology that is used to
indicate the numerical simulation of fluid
flow using a computer software program
(Hirsch, 2007). CFD simulation on three
steps namely Preprocessing, Solving
(Numerical Process), and Postprocessing.
Preprocessing is modelling then set the
conditions and limitations of the draft
(Tuakia, 2008). Solving (Numerical
Process) which at this step in the process of
software calculations from inputs that are
already determined in the previous step
(Tuakia, 2008). Postprocessing which at
this step interpretation of the CFD and CFD
simulation results data grouping which
consists of drawings, curves, and animation
(Tuakia, 2008).
2.3 Fluid
Fluid mechanics is the study of the
fluid on both moves (fluid dynamics) or
silent (fluid statics) (Halliday et al., 2013).
Fluid mechanics generally focuses on
balance and movement of liquid or gas as
well as the style pull involved with
substances around them or pass the time
flow (Waspodo, 2017).
What distinguishes one fluid to
another i.e. the pressure and dense
(Halliday et al., 2013).
Calculation of density can be seen
in the following equation:
As for the pressure of the fluid can
be known by the equation below.
 The following is a legal Bernouli
equation (Halliday et al., 2013)

The fluid has four types of streams

include: (Halliday et al., 2013). Steady
flow, Incompressible Flow, Irrotational
Flow and Flow Nonvicious. In the year
1884 Osborn Reynolds did an experiment
to show the properties of laminar flow
properties and turbulent flow.
In addition to the legal continuity of
the Bernouli which explains the
relationship between flow velocity and
cross-sectional area.

Re : Viscositas (μ)
P :Tthe density of the flow
v : speed of the pipeline passing As well as the law of continuity also

through barriers applies on a branching pipes teraliri water

d : Diameter where the law on the basis that each liter of

(White, 2015) water per second from one of the pipe equal
to liters of water that comes out every
For numbers Reynolds < 2000 flow second of it (Yamianti et al., 2015).
is laminar turbulent Flow. will have
numbers Reynolds > 4000, while for flow
with a Reynolds number of 2000 – 4000
called transition flow (Nurcholis, 2008).
The principle of the bernouli principle that
is closely related to the bernouli principle
where drainage is a stable State where the In the distribution of water through
the pipe there comes a time where the main
pressure makes the stabilized speed causes
the total energy becomes constant pipe with pipe separators experiencing the
headloss caused by vast differences passed
(Batchelor, 1967).
by fluid (Nurcholis, 2008).
The following is a type of energy
loss in the system piping:
1. Major Loss caused by friction on
long pipe circumference and area
(White, 2015)
2. Minor Loss caused by a shrinking or
enlarged cross-section, bend,
connection, and also the valve
(Mays, 2004).

Where f is the Darcy friction factor can be

k is a coefficient of loss from the
obtained from the reynolds number with the
pipe.
following equation:

III. Methodology
The following is a plot of the
simulation will be done..

The equation applies to the flow

with small Reynold said, while the
Reynolds number for in range of 4000
applies Re < 105 < following equation
(Mays,2004).

In addition to using the Darcy-

Weisbach equation, there are empirical
equations are commonly used, namely the
equation of Hazen-Williams that was
written as follows (Mays, 2004).
Figure 3. 1 Simulation study of scheme
The following is a conceptual model of
research that will be done.
 Figure 3. 2 Conceptual Model Research

The following is a sistemmatika

from troubleshooting to be performed.

Figure 3. 3 Systematic Troubleshooting

IV. Results and Analysis

4.1 WaterCAD Software
To conduct analysis using CFD
methods, then it needs to be done before the
creation of the model in 2D on the region
III Telkom University, i.e. as follows.
 method of simulation model on the
proposals 1 and 2. Here is the average value
of water discharge on GWT and GWT 1 2.
Table 4. 1 Average Water Discharge Pipe Outlet GWT 1

Table 4. 2 Average Water Discharge Pipe Outlet GWT 2

Figure 4. 4 GWT 1 Network model Table 4.1 indicates that based on an

average water debit is experiencing an
upswing on the proposals 1 or 2, where the
proposal 1 has the value i.e. 1.58 while
proposal 2 has the value i.e., 1.63, that value
has exceeded the value of the existing
model. Table 4.2 in any case, after a
simulation of discharge water from the
value turns out to be the proposals 1 and 2
also have been able to pass water discharge
existing models to model the proposal 1
was 1.59, and for existing model 2 is 1.61
compared to model existing i.e. 1.56. It can
be concluded that the addition of the size of
Figure 4. 5 GWT network model 2
the pipe diameter can enlarge the amount of
4.2 Analysis Of Simulated Results
discharge of water through the pipe.
The analysis undertaken aims to
identify changes in discharge water with the

Figure 4. 6 Comparison of average Headloss GWT 1
Fihure 4. 7 Comparison of average Headloss GWT 2
Based on the graph in Figure 4.3
average comparison i.e. the headloss of
existing models, model proposals 1 and 2,
the proposed model is obtained that the
proposed model 1 and model 2 have
proposed less than existing models of the
resulting loss to 0.99, model proposal 1 is
0.67 and proposed model 2 is 0.54 on GWT
1. Similarly, at the GWT 2 in Figure 4.4
proposed model 1 and model 2 proposal has
gotten smaller headloss value compared to
its existing models i.e. 0.41 to model the
proposals 1 and 0.36 for the model
proposed 2 smaller ones with the existing
model i.e. 0.53. The above analysis shows
that by increasing the diameter of the pipe
can also lower the value of the headloss.
V. Conclusion
Based on the analysis carried out,
can be drawn the conclusion that a change
in the diameter of the pipe can increase
discharge of water through the pipe, and
can also lower the average value headloss.
From the results of simulations have been
done, that by changing the pipeline 65 mm
100 mm into the pipe 50 mm and 75 mm
into the model proposed 2 looks to have
better results than the models proposed 1.
Which yields the average value of the water
debit of 1.63 litres/second, and the average
value of the headloss of 0.54 m, these
changes occur at the GWT 1. While in
GWT 2 also proposed two models who
have average water debit i.e. 1.61 liters/sec
and average better than headloss model
proposal 1 as well as existing models. Thus,
the purpose of this study has been achieved
in the form of changing the diameter of the
pipe in the water distribution network in the
region III Telkom University.
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