Crusading Warfare

Exploring the Military History of the Crusades

William James Hamblin
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Blue boxes reference primary
sources, and provide
quotations from primary
sources.

Gold boxes contains

references to secondary
sources.

White boxes are summaries

of primary sources.
Color coded
Green text boxes are my
analysis, notes, commentary,
and explanations.
text boxes
Brown text boxes provide
place and location names
 Boundaries
Major States
Secondary States
Minor Principalities
Tribal Confederations
Note: Boundaries lines are often hypothetical.
They often represent zones of influence rather than
modern conceptions of boundaries.
 1/11/ Siege of Antioch
3b- Strategic Background
AD 1097/10
0 50 100 150 k Varna
Strategic Situation 1097/09
Ardas a
Preslav Sinope Kur
B Georgia
Primary Sources:
Adrianople (David IV)
Siege of Antioch
Anthologies {1089-1125}
Constantinople Gabrielli AHC
Rodosto Trebizond Krey FCA §4
B
Peters sFCC
is §7
Nicomedia

ios
p
Rubenstein,
am FCD §5

gar
Civetot Iris Saltuqids
Ac
Tyerman CFC §5

San
(Saltuq) Aras
Yesil uh
Cor{1090?-1102}
ni
c us
Cyzicus Nicaea Rum Seljuqs Danishmendids irma
k Mengujekids Western
a Theodosopolis
Abydos Gr (Danishmend Ghazi) (Mengujek) Teleboas
Elkhan Sank (Qilich
arya 1 Arslan) {1090?-1118}
Albert 3.36-4.26

dacus

u)
{1085?-1104} Caffaro —

S
{1092-1107} Sebastia

at
)
a Su Canso —

ur
Rhyn
Ankyra (Kar

(M
Byzantine Dorylaeum Ekkehard —
Fulcher 1.15-17
Empire ak →Bartolf —
Pergamum Amorium rm i as Akhlat
Alexios Ha
i zi li A rsan →Malmesbury 4.358-363
iz lys
{1081-1118} Chaka
He
r
II Ge
d K
Gesta 5-8/12-20 (p 28-48)
mu
s Philomelium 1- Route of the Melitene →Baldric 2
Smyrna
First Crusade →Orderic 9
Antioch Caesarea →Guibert 4.3-5.7
Armenian
k

→Peter 4a-6m (p 43-65)

yu

Meander Iconium
Bu

1 Principalites Diyarbakr →Robert 3.29-4.14

han
1 Coxon
an Gilo 5.1-7.292

Sey
Tangipernes Laodicea ✝ y h

Ti
Cilician Gates Ce Letters (LFE) §5-9

g
ris
Heraclea Marash Ralph 48-69

s
Raymond 4-6 (p 30-50)

Saru
Adana mus
ra Edessa
Py William 4.9-5.23 ←Albert
1 Eastern Christian
Attalia
Goksu Cal Tarsis Belen Pass Anna (G) 9.6 Mosul
Rhodes yca Mathew (A)
dnu
Antioch u g h a 2.113-
rbo (S) 15.7a-d
s
Ridwan K e
Michael
YaghiSiyan Euphr →Bar Hebraeus p 234-5
Seleucia St Simeon a
Aleppo t e

Zab
s
Studies Syriac (S) p 70-71,

ater
Asbridge §5-6 Raqqa Muslim

Gre
Asbridge, Antioch 26 Latakia Ibn al-Athir 1:14-5 (10:274-5)
Rahba
France §7-8 AHC p Seljuq
2-4 empire
Frankopan §9b-10a Nicosia
t i n e Ibn al-Qalanisi {a490}
Barkiyaruq
za n Hama Kamal al-Din 1:345-7 =R580-2
Nicolle 49-58 By Maqrizi {a490}{1092-1105}
Rogers, Latin Siege 25-39 Paphos Homs Sibt {a490} —
Rubenstein §9-12 Janah al-
Runciman 1:213-264 Tripoli
Dawla
 Belen Pass ♜
Baghras
Strategic Situation in Syria 1097/10
Seleucia Artah
YS ✝
Antioch Harim RiAleppo
St Simeon
Raqqah
Qal’at al-Ja’bar
♜
SM
Balis

Latakia
??
Apamea
Kh
Shayzar
Banū
Maraclea ♜
Na Kilāb Rahba
Famagusta Hamah
Eu Valania

Tortosa
??
Homs
JD
Arqah
Banū Palmyra ♜

Tripoli
JM Kalb
Major Leaders
Du= Duqaq b. Tutush (Damascus; Syrian Seljuq)
Gibelet Eu= Eumathios (Byzantine Dukos of Cyprus?)
JD= Janah al-Dawla (atabeg of Aleppo) {1094-??}
Baalbak JM= Jalal al-Mulk (B Ammar) {1072-1099}
Kh= Khalaf b Mula’ib (warlord, Fatimid rebel) {?-1106}
Beirut Na= Nasr b Ali (Munqidhite) {1082-1098}
Ri= Ridwan b. Tutush (Aleppo; Syrian Seljuq)
SM = Salim b. Malik (Uqaylid)
Banū Tg= Tughtakin (atabeg of Damascus)
YS= Yaghi-Siyan (atabeg of Antioch) {1086-1098}
Sidon Ṭayy
Tg Du Damascus

Tyre
 Belen Pass ♜
Baghras
Antioch - Yaghi-Siyan 1097/10
Seleucia Artah
YS ✝
Antioch Harim RiAleppo
St Simeon
Raqqah
Qal’at al-Ja’bar
♜
SM
Balis

Latakia
??
Apamea
Kh
Shayzar
Banū
Maraclea ♜
Na Kilāb Rahba
Famagusta Hamah
Eu Valania

Tortosa
??
Homs
JD
Arqah
Banū Palmyra ♜

Tripoli
JM Kalb
Major Leaders
Du= Duqaq b. Tutush (Damascus; Syrian Seljuq)
Gibelet Eu= Eumathios (Byzantine Dukos of Cyprus?)
JD= Janah al-Dawla (atabeg of Aleppo) {1094-??}
Baalbak JM= Jalal al-Mulk (B Ammar) {1072-1099}
Kh= Khalaf b Mula’ib (warlord, Fatimid rebel) {?-1106}
Beirut Na= Nasr b Ali (Munqidhite) {1082-1098}
Ri= Ridwan b. Tutush (Aleppo; Syrian Seljuq)
SM = Salim b. Malik (Uqaylid)
Banū Tg= Tughtakin (atabeg of Damascus)
YS= Yaghi-Siyan (atabeg of Antioch) {1086-1098}
Sidon Ṭayy
Tg Du Damascus

Tyre
 Belen Pass ♜
Baghras
Aleppo - Ridwan b Tutush (Seljuqid) 1097/10
Seleucia Artah
YS ✝
Antioch Harim RiAleppo
St Simeon
Raqqah
Qal’at al-Ja’bar
♜
SM
Balis

Latakia
??
Apamea
Kh
Shayzar
Banū
Maraclea ♜
Na Kilāb Rahba
Famagusta Hamah
Eu Valania

Tortosa
??
Homs
JD
Arqah
Banū Palmyra ♜

Tripoli
JM Kalb
Major Leaders
Du= Duqaq b. Tutush (Damascus; Syrian Seljuq)
Gibelet Eu= Eumathios (Byzantine Dukos of Cyprus?)
JD= Janah al-Dawla (atabeg of Aleppo) {1094-??}
Baalbak JM= Jalal al-Mulk (B Ammar) {1072-1099}
Kh= Khalaf b Mula’ib (warlord, Fatimid rebel) {?-1106}
Beirut Na= Nasr b Ali (Munqidhite) {1082-1098}
Ri= Ridwan b. Tutush (Aleppo; Syrian Seljuq)
SM = Salim b. Malik (Uqaylid)
Banū Tg= Tughtakin (atabeg of Damascus)
YS= Yaghi-Siyan (atabeg of Antioch) {1086-1098}
Sidon Ṭayy
Tg Du Damascus

Tyre
 Belen Pass ♜
Baghras
Seljuqid Sultanate - Berk-Yaruq 1097/10
Seleucia Artah
YS ✝
Antioch Harim RiAleppo
St Simeon
Raqqah
Qal’at al-Ja’bar
♜
SM
Balis

Latakia
??
Apamea
Kh
Shayzar
Banū
Maraclea ♜
Na Kilāb Rahba
Famagusta Hamah
Eu Valania

Tortosa
??
Homs
JD
Arqah
Banū Palmyra ♜

Tripoli
JM Kalb
Major Leaders
Du= Duqaq b. Tutush (Damascus; Syrian Seljuq)
Gibelet Eu= Eumathios (Byzantine Dukos of Cyprus?)
JD= Janah al-Dawla (atabeg of Aleppo) {1094-??}
Baalbak JM= Jalal al-Mulk (B Ammar) {1072-1099}
Kh= Khalaf b Mula’ib (warlord, Fatimid rebel) {?-1106}
Beirut Na= Nasr b Ali (Munqidhite) {1082-1098}
Ri= Ridwan b. Tutush (Aleppo; Syrian Seljuq)
SM = Salim b. Malik (Uqaylid)
Banū Tg= Tughtakin (atabeg of Damascus)
YS= Yaghi-Siyan (atabeg of Antioch) {1086-1098}
Sidon Ṭayy
Tg Du Damascus

Tyre
 Belen Pass ♜
Baghras
Byzantine Empire - Eumathios 1097/10
Seleucia Artah
YS ✝
Antioch Harim RiAleppo
St Simeon
Raqqah
Qal’at al-Ja’bar
♜
SM
Balis

Latakia
??
Apamea
Kh
Shayzar
Banū
Maraclea ♜
Na Kilāb Rahba
Famagusta Hamah
Eu Valania

Tortosa
??
Homs
JD
Arqah
Banū Palmyra ♜

Tripoli
JM Kalb
Major Leaders
Du= Duqaq b. Tutush (Damascus; Syrian Seljuq)
Gibelet Eu= Eumathios (Byzantine Dukos of Cyprus?)
JD= Janah al-Dawla (atabeg of Aleppo) {1094-??}
Baalbak JM= Jalal al-Mulk (B Ammar) {1072-1099}
Kh= Khalaf b Mula’ib (warlord, Fatimid rebel) {?-1106}
Beirut Na= Nasr b Ali (Munqidhite) {1082-1098}
Ri= Ridwan b. Tutush (Aleppo; Syrian Seljuq)
SM = Salim b. Malik (Uqaylid)
Banū Tg= Tughtakin (atabeg of Damascus)
YS= Yaghi-Siyan (atabeg of Antioch) {1086-1098}
Sidon Ṭayy
Tg Du Damascus

Tyre
 Belen Pass ♜
Baghras
Fatimids (Egypt) - al-Afdal 1097/10
Seleucia Artah
YS ✝
Antioch Harim RiAleppo
St Simeon
Raqqah
Qal’at al-Ja’bar
♜
SM
Balis

Latakia
??
Apamea
Kh
Shayzar
Banū
Maraclea ♜
Na Kilāb Rahba
Famagusta Hamah
Eu Valania

Tortosa
??
Homs
JD
Arqah
Banū Palmyra ♜

Tripoli
JM Kalb
Major Leaders
Du= Duqaq b. Tutush (Damascus; Syrian Seljuq)
Gibelet Eu= Eumathios (Byzantine Dukos of Cyprus?)
JD= Janah al-Dawla (atabeg of Aleppo) {1094-??}
Baalbak JM= Jalal al-Mulk (B Ammar) {1072-1099}
Kh= Khalaf b Mula’ib (warlord, Fatimid rebel) {?-1106}
Beirut Na= Nasr b Ali (Munqidhite) {1082-1098}
Ri= Ridwan b. Tutush (Aleppo; Syrian Seljuq)
SM = Salim b. Malik (Uqaylid)
Banū Tg= Tughtakin (atabeg of Damascus)
YS= Yaghi-Siyan (atabeg of Antioch) {1086-1098}
Sidon Ṭayy
Tg Du Damascus

Tyre
 Belen Pass ♜
Baghras
Damascus - Duqaq b Tutush (Seljuqid) 1097/10
Seleucia Artah
YS ✝ Tughtakin (atabeg of Damascus)
Antioch Harim RiAleppo
St Simeon
Raqqah
Qal’at al-Ja’bar
♜
SM
Balis

Latakia
??
Apamea
Kh
Shayzar
Banū
Maraclea ♜
Na Kilāb Rahba
Famagusta Hamah
Eu Valania

Tortosa
??
Homs
JD
Arqah
Banū Palmyra ♜

Tripoli
JM Kalb
Major Leaders
Du= Duqaq b. Tutush (Damascus; Syrian Seljuq)
Gibelet Eu= Eumathios (Byzantine Dukos of Cyprus?)
JD= Janah al-Dawla (atabeg of Aleppo) {1094-??}
Baalbak JM= Jalal al-Mulk (B Ammar) {1072-1099}
Kh= Khalaf b Mula’ib (warlord, Fatimid rebel) {?-1106}
Beirut Na= Nasr b Ali (Munqidhite) {1082-1098}
Ri= Ridwan b. Tutush (Aleppo; Syrian Seljuq)
SM = Salim b. Malik (Uqaylid)
Banū Tg= Tughtakin (atabeg of Damascus)
YS= Yaghi-Siyan (atabeg of Antioch) {1086-1098}
Sidon Ṭayy
Tg Du Damascus

Tyre
 Belen Pass ♜
Baghras
Tripoli - Jalal al-Mulk (B Ammar) 1097/10
Seleucia Artah
YS ✝
Antioch Harim RiAleppo
St Simeon
Raqqah
Qal’at al-Ja’bar
♜
SM
Balis

Latakia
??
Apamea
Kh
Shayzar
Banū
Maraclea ♜
Na Kilāb Rahba
Famagusta Hamah
Eu Valania

Tortosa
??
Homs
JD
Arqah
Banū Palmyra ♜

Tripoli
JM Kalb
Major Leaders
Du= Duqaq b. Tutush (Damascus; Syrian Seljuq)
Gibelet Eu= Eumathios (Byzantine Dukos of Cyprus?)
JD= Janah al-Dawla (atabeg of Aleppo) {1094-??}
Baalbak JM= Jalal al-Mulk (B Ammar) {1072-1099}
Kh= Khalaf b Mula’ib (warlord, Fatimid rebel) {?-1106}
Beirut Na= Nasr b Ali (Munqidhite) {1082-1098}
Ri= Ridwan b. Tutush (Aleppo; Syrian Seljuq)
SM = Salim b. Malik (Uqaylid)
Banū Tg= Tughtakin (atabeg of Damascus)
YS= Yaghi-Siyan (atabeg of Antioch) {1086-1098}
Sidon Ṭayy
Tg Du Damascus

Tyre
 Belen Pass ♜
Baghras
City States 1097/10
Seleucia Artah
YS ✝
Antioch Harim RiAleppo
St Simeon
Raqqah
Qal’at al-Ja’bar
♜
SM
Balis

Latakia
??
Apamea
Kh
Shayzar
Banū
Maraclea ♜
Na Kilāb Rahba
Famagusta Hamah
Eu Valania

Tortosa
??
Homs
JD
Arqah
Banū Palmyra ♜

Tripoli
JM Kalb
Major Leaders
Du= Duqaq (Syrian Seljuq)
Gibelet Eu= Eumathios (Byzantine Dukos)
JD= Janah al-Dawla (atabeg of Aleppo; Syrian Seljuq)
Baalbak {1094-??}
JM= Jalal al-Mulk (B Ammar) {1072-1099}
Beirut Kh= Khalaf b Mula’ib (warlord, Fatimid rebel) {?-1106}
Na= Nasr b Ali (Munqidhite) {1082-1098}
Ri= Ridwan (Syrian Seljuq)
Banū SM = Salim b. Malik (Uqaylid)
Tg= Tughtakin (atabeg of Damascus; Syrian Seljuq)
Sidon Ṭayy YS= Yaghi-Siyan (atabeg of Antioch; Syrian Seljuq)
Tg Du Damascus {1086-1098}

Tyre
 Belen Pass ♜
Baghras
Arab Tribal Confederations 1097/10
Seleucia Artah
YS ✝
Antioch Harim RiAleppo
St Simeon
Raqqah
Qal’at al-Ja’bar
♜
SM
Balis

Latakia
??
Apamea
Kh
Shayzar
Banū
Maraclea ♜
Na Kilāb Rahba
Famagusta Hamah
Eu Valania

Tortosa
??
Homs
JD
Arqah
Banū Palmyra ♜

Tripoli
JM Kalb
Major Leaders
Du= Duqaq b. Tutush (Damascus; Syrian Seljuq)
Gibelet Eu= Eumathios (Byzantine Dukos of Cyprus?)
JD= Janah al-Dawla (atabeg of Aleppo) {1094-??}
Baalbak JM= Jalal al-Mulk (B Ammar) {1072-1099}
Kh= Khalaf b Mula’ib (warlord, Fatimid rebel) {?-1106}
Beirut Na= Nasr b Ali (Munqidhite) {1082-1098}
Ri= Ridwan b. Tutush (Aleppo; Syrian Seljuq)
SM = Salim b. Malik (Uqaylid)
Banū Tg= Tughtakin (atabeg of Damascus)
YS= Yaghi-Siyan (atabeg of Antioch) {1086-1098}
Sidon Ṭayy
Tg Du Damascus

Tyre
Mamistra
Strategic Situation: Siege of Antioch 1097/10
Jerablus

s
Mt
s
aeu
Am
Ayas
Cyrrhus

E up
hra
te s

Azaz
Alexandretta

Darbsak Manbij ♜

asu
♜ Qalat al-Najm

Kar
Syrian
Gates

♜
Baghras rin
Af

Lake
Antioch
Artah

Onr
ante
1 ✝ Aleppo
Antioch YS
s
Iron Harim Aleppo (Ridwan)
⚔ Bridge {1095-1113}
Atharib
s
te
an
nr

St Simeon
O

Antioch
(Yaghi-Siyan) Qinnasrin Eu
{1086-1098} ph
ra
te
s

Balis

Jisr
al-Shughur
tes
Onran
 Crusading Warfare
Next = 1/11/4a
Investment of Antioch
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