Qualitative Analysis of Frames

Qualitative Analysis of Frames
Prepared by Dr. Xiaodong Huang
Revised by Dr. Sawekchai Tangaramvong
School of Civil, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, RMIT University
Content
• Typical deformation features
• Statically determinate frames
• Statically indeterminate frames
Facts and Assumptions
P
A B E
C D
1) Deflections are always small (we exaggerate the real deformation);

2) Ignore the change of the length of the beam;
3) Neglect the self weight of the structures – only analyse for the load
shown;
4) Deflected shapes are always very smooth curves, except at a pin
connection (hinge).
Facts and Assumptions for Frames
P P
1) Deflections are always small (we exaggerate the real deformation);

2) Ignore the change of the length of the beam;
3) Neglect the self weight of the structures – only analyse for the load
shown;
4) Deflected shapes are always very smooth curves, except at a pin
connection (hinge).
Deformation of Frames
B C B C
P P
A A
D D
1) Image the frame to consist of a series of beams connected to nodes,

which are usually located at joints, supports, and the ends of a
member.
2) Determine the deflection and rotation of nodes – the deflected
shape at a fully fixed support must be zero rotation at the face of
the support.
3) Determine the deformation of each beams connected to the
deflected nodes (satisfying the rotation requirements of nodes).
Frames: No Sidesway
In frames axial deformation are much smaller than the bending deformations
and are neglected in the analysis. With this assumption the following frame
will not sidesway, i.e. the frames will not be displaced to the right or left.
Because the support at the right side prohibit the sidesway of the frame. In
general, frames do not sidesway if
1) They are restrained against sidesway, or
2) The frame geometry and loading are symmetrical.
P
More frames without sidesway
Some frames are restrained against sidesway
P w
Some unrestrained frames do not sidesways because both structure and

loading are symmetrical.
P w w
Frames undergoing sidesway
In all other cases, frames will sidesway or be displaced to the side. For
example
P ∆ P ∆
∆ ∆
∆ ∆
P
Qualitative analysis of statically
determinate frames – Example 1
P2
Reaction Forces: Equilibrium of structures
C E
D
P1 B
A
Ax
MA
Ay
P2
C E
D
Deflection of Frames:
P1 B 1) Sidesway or no sidesway?
A
Ax
MA
Ay
P2
C E
D
Deflection of Frames:
2) Rotation of nodes?
A
Ax
MA
Ay
P2
C E
D
D’ Deflection of Frames:
E’
straight line 2) Rotation of nodes?
A 3) Deformation of connected beams?
Ax
MA
Ay
P2
C T E
D
T D’ Deflection of Frames:
E’
straight line 2) Rotation of nodes?

T
A 3) Deformation of connected beams?
Ax 4) Tension side?
MA
Ay
P2
C T E
D
T D’ Deflection of Frames:
E’
P1 B
Bending Moment Diagram:
straight line
T
A The bending moment at the rigid connection
of the horizontal beam is always equal to the
Ax bending moment at the same point of the
MA
vertical beam.
Ay
For Segment BC, the bending moment is
always equal to M  P2  CD
C E
D
A
P
E
C
D
A B
P Reaction Forces: Equilibrium of structures
E
C
D
A B
Cy P
C
C E
D
Cy Ey
MA
A B
Ay
E
C
D Deformed Shape:
T Ey
MA T
A B
B’
straight line
Ay
E
C
D Deformed Shape:
T Ey
Bending moment diagram:
MA T
A B
B’
straight line
Ay
D E
C
A B
indeterminate frames – Example 1
P
B C
A
P
B Cx Reaction Forces:
C
Principle of Superposition
Cy
A
P
B C
A
P
C
Principle of Superposition
Cy
Ax A
MA P P
B C B C
A Ax A
MA
P
C
T Principle of Superposition
T T Equilibrium of structures
Cy
Deformed Shape:
No Sidesway due to the side constraint (pin support
C)
Ax A T Clockwise rotation at B
MA Zero rotation at A
Tension side
Ay
P
C
T Principle of Superposition
x
Cy
Deformed Shape:
x No Sidesway due to the side constraint (pin support
C)
Ax A T Points of contraflexture Clockwise rotation at B
MA Zero rotation at A
Tension side
Ay P
Bending moment diagram:
B C
Zero bending moment at C
Known bending moment at A
Contraflexture points on the deformed shape.
A
B C
P
A
B
Reaction Forces:
C
P Principle of Superposition
Cy
B C
P
A
B
Reaction Forces:
C
Cy
MA
B C
P
Cy
MA
B
Reaction Forces:
C
Equilibrium of structures
Cy
A
Ax
MA
Ay
B
Reaction Forces:
C
? Cy
Deformed Shape:
Sidesway B and C
T Clockwise rotation at B
A
Ax Zero rotation at A
MA Tension side
Ay
B
Reaction Forces:
C
x Cy
Deformed Shape:
Sidesway B and C
contraflexture point
T Clockwise rotation at B
A
Ax Zero rotation at A
MA Tension side
Ay Bending moment diagram:
B C
Zero bending moment at C
Known bending moment at A
Contraflexture point on the deformed shape.
A
P
B C F
D E
A
Dy P Reaction Forces:
Separate the structure at the pin connection.
B C F
Bx D E
By Dy Ey
A
Ax
MA
Ay
T Separate the structure at the pin connection.
B C D F
Bx T E
Deformed Shape:
T
By Dy T Ey No sidesway due to pin constraints B and F
Clockwise rotation at C
A T
Ax Tension side
MA
Ay
T Separate the structure at the pin connection.
B C D F
Bx T E
Deformed Shape:
T
By Dy T Ey No sidesway due to pin constraints B and F
Clockwise rotation at C
A T
Ax Tension side
MA
P
Draw bending moment diagram on the tension side
B F
C D E
A
Dy P
MCB MCD
T C
B C D F
Bx T E
MCA
T
By Dy T Ey
A T
Ax
A
MA
P
B F
Equilibrium of the rigid joint, C.
C D E
A
Dy P
MCB MCD
T C
B C D F
Bx T E
MCA
T
By
x
Dy T Ey
A T
Ax
contraflexture point M C  0 : M CB  M CA  M CD  0
M CD  M CB  M CA
MA
P
B F
Equilibrium of the rigid joint, C.
C D E
Points of contraflexture
A
Activities
• Solve problems as given in Class

Qualitative Analysis of Frames

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Qualitative Analysis of Frames

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Qualitative Analysis of Frames

Prepared by Dr. Xiaodong Huang

Revised by Dr. Sawekchai Tangaramvong

School of Civil, Environmental and Chemical Engineering, RMIT University

1) Deflections are always small (we exaggerate the real deformation);

1) Deflections are always small (we exaggerate the real deformation);

1) Image the frame to consist of a series of beams connected to nodes,

Some unrestrained frames do not sidesways because both structure and

straight line 2) Rotation of nodes?

A 3) Deformation of connected beams?

straight line 2) Rotation of nodes?

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