INTEGRATIVE ART AS APPLIED IN CONTEMPORARY ARTS

Updated 20 November 2017

TRANSCRIPT

The arts of the Philippines reflect a society with diverse cultural influences and traditions.

The Malayan peoples had early contact with traders who introduced Chinese and Indian influences.
Most modern aspects of Philippine cultural life evolved under the foreign rule of Spanish and the
Americans.

The cultural movements of Europe and the United States profoundly influenced Filipino artists, even
after independence in 1946.

Philippine Arts as Filipino

Art and Technology

Images for digital art contexts, Internet website and computer-generated images on film

Guess whether the picture is considered as "Filipino Arts' or not.

Pre-Colonial Period

Traditional Folk Dance

-An ancient art form that is still practiced today

-Long before the Spaniards came, native Filipinos used dances to celebrate important events e.g.
harvests, weddings

-Many traditional dance troops keep this ancient art alive. Some of these performers, including the
Bayanihan, Filipinescas, Barangay, and Hariraya groups have received international acclaim.

Music

-Another art form that pre-colonial indigenous Filipinos were accomplished in.

-Native cultures had their own distinct instruments and styles of music.

Art in everyday life

The practice of art in Philippines is strongly characterized by its integration into everyday life of people
.I.e. Clothing and accessories

Definition of Contemporary Arts

Spanish Colonial Period

-Artistic paintings were introduced to the Filipinos in the 16th century when the Spaniards arrived in the
Philippines.

-These paintings were mainly focused on religious themes as they were used as religious propaganda to
spread Catholicism.

- Due to the Church's supervision of Filipino art and Spanish occupation of the Philippines, the purpose
of most paintings from the 16th-19thcentury were to aid the Catholic Church.

Early 19th Century

- Wealthier, educated Filipinos introduced more secular art which in turn caused art to deviate from the
religious motifs

- Paintings from this point included landscapes, Philippine fashion, its inhabitants, etc.

- In WWII, the subject of Filipino artworks focused on the effects of war such as battles, destruction, and
suffering

Philippine Arts as Filipino

Philippine Arts History

GALVEZ, Tiffany

LIM, Jenny Ann

LIM, Rianne

Philippine Arts as Filipino

Pre-Colonial Period

Lingling-o (2000 BC – 1000 AD)

-a kind of ear pendant fashioned from green nephrite (jade) is the characteristic trait of the Early Metal
Age.

-One of the finest jade ornaments found to date is the double- headed pendant recovered from Duyong
Cave, Palawan. It is an example of the superb craftsmanship of ancient carving in jade.

Maitum Jar (Metal Age: 190 BC to 500 AD)

-In 1991, the National Museum archaeological team discovered anthropomorphic secondary burial jars
in Ayub Cave, Barangay Pinol, Maitum, Sarangani Province, Mindanao, Philippines.

Integrative Arts as Applied to Contemporary Arts

Philippine Arts History

Art and Environment

The varied topography of the Philippine (mountain, lowlands and coastal lands) continue to influence
the form of art that Filipino create

Bahay Kubo – vernacular architecture adapted to the Philippine climate

Torogan - were built by the community and the slaves for the king in seventeenth century.) The Muslim
chief resides in the torogan, a huge, stately, towering house, with a single large room. Although
“torogan” simply means a place for sleeping, the house is more than a residence. It is also used for
official meetings, social gatherings, and religious rituals.

Bahay na bato is a type of building originating during the Philippines' Spanish Colonial Period. It is an
updated version of the traditional bahaykubo.

Ifugao’s payo(rice terrace): become basis of their cultural identity ,the construction of rice terrance was
built with minimal equipment, largely done by bare hand.

Damian Gabor Domingo (1796-1834)

-Father of Filipino Painting

-The First Great Filipino Painter

-The 1st Filipino to paint his face (self-portrait)

-Founder of the Academia de Dibujo y Pintura, the first school of drawing in the Philippines (1821)

Two Filipino Art Styles that were Developed during the Spanish Period

Miniaturismo

-art style that pays attention to the embroidery and texture of the costume.

Letras y Figuras

-art style that fuses letters with figures in every day activity

amidst a common background. Usually used in painting a patron’s full name.

Post Colonial Period

Philippine Modern Art (1946 – 1970)

-Some Philippine art historians/critics has always been a follower of the Western Art Style and its trends
at that point and thus, suggested that this was actually the point where Philippine Modern Art Period
started but went only full swing only after the war.
Philippine Post Modern Art (1970 – 1980s)

-The support of the Philippine Government for the arts via the creation of the Cultural Center of the
Philippines during 1969, gave a venue for all artist to experiment and explore different art mediums -
Pop Art, Installation Art, Performance Art

-Social realism became a heavy theme by most Filipino Artist as a social commentary of the problem
brewing in the Philippine political and social landscape.

Philippine Contemporary Art (1980s to Present)

-It was on the on-set of the sudden rise of personal computers and new technology created a new art
medium for the arts and human expression.

-There were also countless revivals of old styles being done.

-This started a new direction for the arts thus, setting the name, momentarily, the Philippine
Contemporary Period

B. ART AND ARCHITECTURE

During most of the Spanish colonial period, the art and architecture of the Philippines were strongly
influenced by the patronage of the Roman Catholic Church.

In the late 1920s Victorio Edades, an American-trained painter, infused modernism into the Philippine
art world. Many Philippine painters who were influenced by American and European modernism also
experimented with it to reflect Philippine realities

Sculpture took on secular themes in the early 1900s. The major Filipino sculptor of the American colonial
period was Guillermo Tolentino, who trained in classical sculpture in Rome.

More recently, sculptors have tended to utilize ethnic artifacts and natural materials to produce
assemblages with social themes.Tribal groups have preserved traditional art forms such as woodcarving,
textile weaving, bamboo and rattan weaving, and metalsmithing.

Contemporary Art

-the work of artists who are living in the 21st century.

-mirrors contemporary culture and society, offering the general audiences a rich resource through which
to consider current ideas and rethink the familiar.

-The work of contemporary artists is a dynamic combination of materials, methods, concepts, and
subjects that challenges traditional boundaries and defies easy definition.

-Diverse and eclectic, contemporary art is distinguished by the very lack of a uniform organizing
principle, ideology, or – ism.
-Forms of art that is produced in the present time. It includes, and develops from, postmodern art,
which is a successor to modern art.

Fernando Amorsolo

-A portraitist and painter of rural landscapes.

-Best known for his craftsmanship and mastery in the use of light.

-Art styles: Impressionism, Luminism, Realism with subjects inspired by Philippine genre and historical,
nudes and society portraits

-First awardee of the National Artist Award in 1972

Guillermo Tolentino

-National Artist Awards for Sculpture in 1973.

-"Father of Philippine Arts"

Works:

-"Bonifacio Monument" symbolizing Filipinos cry for freedom

-"The Oblation" in UP signifying academic freedom

Philippine Arts and Aspects of Life

C. MUSIC AND DANCE

Filipino classical musical compositions in many ways epitomize the blending of multicultural influences.
The compositions often embody indigenous themes and rhythms in Western forms, such as symphonies,
sonatas, and concertos.

Traditional types of music are played on wind, string, and percussion instruments made from local
materials. These include the kulibit, a zither with bamboo strings and tubular bamboo resonators;
wooden lutes and guitars; and the git-git, a wooden three-string bowed instrument. The Muslim peoples
use these and other instruments to play complex musical compositions that have been passed by
memory from generation to generation.

Philippine Arts History

Art and Politics

Art in the hands of the state can harness the resources of the government to impose its will

Art comes in danger of becoming a propaganda tool by people with vested interest

political issues which government does not address find expression in various medium of protest.
The color red has been widely used in protest art to signify resistance and the need for societal change

An effigy is a representation of a specific person in the form of sculpture or some other three -
dimensional

medium

Pre-Colonial Period

Old Stone Age (Paleolithic)

-Espinosa Ranch Site, Cagayan (16000-8000 BC)

-Proof of earliest man’s presence was recovered from a ranch site in Cagayan Province

-Two flake tools dated about .9 million years, the oldest man-made object associated with the fossils of
a proboscidean, a prehistoric elephant.

-Other flake tools are recovered in Tabon Caves, Palawan and some stone tools in Bolobok Cave, Sanga-
Sanga in Tawi-Tawi

Shell Bracelets and Pendants (Neolithic)

-Cagayan, Palawan, and Sorsogon

-4854 BC Shells were fashioned into tools, as well as ornaments.

-The oldest known ornaments made from cone shells were found in the early 1960’s in the grave of an
adult male in Duyong Cave in Palawan.

Philippine Arts and Aspects of Life

1. Appropriation - is when an artist creates a new work of art by taking preexisting images from other
sources and modifies and/or incorporates those images with new ones.

2. Performance - refers to artwork created by or presented to an audience.

3. Hybridity - Artists use hybridity in their work through the blending of new or unusual materials with
traditional mediums.

4. Space- Artists use space for creating the illusion of space or depth upon a flat surface. They use the
effects of one point perspective and/or light and shadow to create this illusion—or they may purposely
distort these elements to make abstractions.

5. Technology-This is the usage of technology for creating and disseminating art.

Elements of Contemporary Arts

Art and Environment

The Hagabi of the Ifugaos is a long wooden bench placed under the eaves in the stone-paved yard that
surrounds the house.

Badjao Houseboat The houseboats of Badjao, sea gypsies of the Philippines, cruise along the islands in
the Sulu archipelago.

Ivatan House is a unique vernacular architecture developed in the province of Batanes. The Ivatan of
Batanes Islands build houses whose primary function is to protect them against typhoons.

ACTIVITY #1

Philippine Arts History

Art and Spirituality

Art produced from the 16th to the 19th centuries was predominantly religious in nature.

These were done under the auspices of Catholic Church ,Such as retablos,furniture, wall painting, bell
casting, gold vessels and priestly vestments

Filipino have created their own sense of faith and art as shown by the prevalence of many folk religious
practices that lived today.

Islamic faith predisposed Muslim art toward ornamental designs since the Koran forbids
anthropomorphic figures, but allow the following : Borak ,naga and sarimanok.

Called okir by the Maranao and ukkil by the Tausug, traditional carving shares a number of designs,
although with distinct regional variations. One common motif is called sarimanok by the Maranao and
manuk-manuk by the Tausug.

ACTIVITY #2

Philippine Arts and Aspects of Life

Art and Spirituality

Islamic beliefs in the Philippines was highly influenced by Southeast Asian culture. Philippine mythology
is derived from Philippine folk literature, which is the traditional oral literature of the Filipino people.

Bul-ul (An important characteristic is that the bulul are generally found in pairs, male and female. This
pairing,

A. LITERATURE

The indigenous literature of the

Philippines developed primarily in the oral tradition in poetic and narrative forms. Epic poems, legends,
proverbs, songs, and riddles were passed from generation to generation through oral recitation and
incantation in the various languages and dialects of the islands. The epics were the most complex of
these early literary forms. Most of the major tribal groups developed an original epic that was chanted
in episodic segments during a variety of social rituals. One common theme of the epics is a hero who is
aided by benevolent spirits. The epics that have survived are important records of the ancient customs
of tribal society before the arrival of Islam and Christianity.

PHI, Jia Anette

YANG, Daphnie

ZHENG, Mikee

American Colonial Period

-Art Illustration, Advertising and Commercial Design gained popularity and incorporated in Fine Arts.

-Painting themes still largely favored Genre Paintings, Landscapes and Still Life; Portraits are reserved for
high ranking officials with a more academic approach to make the subject more formal.

Art Nouveau

-also called style moderne

-a style of decorative art, architecture, and design prominent in western Europe and the US from about
1890 until World War I

-characterized by simple, clean shapes, often with a “streamlined” look; ornament that is geometric or
stylized from representational forms; and unusually varied, often expensive materials

Guess whether the pictures of Philippine Arts are from 'Luzon', 'Visayas', or 'Mindanao'.

Philippine Arts History

Philippine Arts and Aspects of Life

Philippine Arts as Filipino

Modern art

-Characterized by the artist's intent to portray a subject

as it exists in the world, according to his or her unique perspective and is typified by a rejection of
accepted or traditional styles and values

Postmodern art

-a body of art movements that sought to contradict some aspects of modernism or some aspects that
emerged or developed in its aftermath.
-In general, movements such as intermedia, installation art, conceptual art and multimedia, particularly
involving video are described as postmodern.

Philippine Arts and Aspects of Life