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This is a case where ; however we need to manipulate the

variable (a) such that we get Ô use the following shortcut:

when

Ô and Ô
The final preliminary step is to find the new upper and lower limits.

@ and @

Ô is the starting point for our actual desired integrand

After simplification, . This further simplifies to the

following integrand: . One should easily recall that the

expression within the radical involves the trigonmetric identity

such that the radical is manipulated to

.

Ô which reduces to

Use the half-angle identity to rewrite the integrand as

. Some may find the following as tedious but I find it

helpful to write

two separate integrands for expressions like the one above.

Ô . Following simple u-substitution for the

second

integrand (and remembering to establish new upper and lower limits accordingly), we
get

. You'll notice that the second term yields 0 such that

your

answer will come solely from the first. ,

2 .

481.
.

15.

We need to evaluate:

Until mentioned, let's ignore the limits right now (let us just deal with the indefinite
integral).

Step 1
Since the degree of the numerator is equal to that of the denominator, we 6
 perform
polynomial division first.

So, the division gave us:

Therefore, we really need to evaluate:

Step 2
For remaining integral, we need to use the method of partial fractions.

So, we have to decompose:

Factoring the denominator

2) Now, we need to add our letters. Note that the amount of letters we need is directly
proportional to the degree of the denominator.

So, for our case, we need 3 letters: A, B, and C

Note that it doesn't matter which order you put the letters: as long as you are consistent,
you will get the right answer.

So, multiplying both sides of the equation by the original denominator , we

get...
Factoring the terms on the right side of equation by grouping, we get...

To illiminate any room for error, let's recognize that our equation can be written as:

Setting the coefficients of right side of equation equal to that of the left side, we can
write 3 equations:

From equation 3,
Then, from equation 2,

From equation 1,

so,

Since our decomposition was: , plugging in the values we found

for A, B, and C, and putting this expression in place of the integrand at end of step 1, we
get...

Step 3
We can now separate the integral into 3 separate integrals:

Integrating the 2nd integral by the power rule and the 1st and 3rd by the natural log
formula:
=

*Notice that I didn't add the arbitrary constant because we have limits.

Step 4
Applying our limits:

2 .

35.

Partial fractions
Therefore,

Substitute,

45.
47.










 


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substitute u = ¥x, u2=x, 2udu = dx

integration by parts
s = arctan(u), ds = 1/(1+u2 )du
dt = udu, t = u 2/2

so,



First simplify the integral

Use u-substitution,

let u= x1/2 then u2=x

2u du= dx

= =

By partial fractions, we have

multiply by common denominator u(u+1), we get

u= A(u+1)+Bu

let u=-1 let u=0

then 1=B(-1) then 1=A(0+1)
B=-1 A=1

=





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___________________________________________

=
________________________________________

U-substitution
Then

=
__________________________________________
Integration By Parts

Then =
_________________________________________
Again integration By Parts

Then =
___________________________ ______________
Integrate Right Term, we have

= +C
_________________________________________

= +C
_________________________________________
Simplify

4 3.
7.
use the table

substitute u = ʌx, du = ʌdx

u=ʌx
.
17.
21.

2 .
505.
3.
 .

13 no esta
515

1.

3.
11.

25.

Substitute u=lnx, du=(1/x)dx

Lower limit is ln(e)=1
Upper limit is ln(t)
33.